Chapter 68 In the fourth quarter, Lu Buwei finally established a long-term strategy

Meng Tian was surprised to find that the south bank of the Weishui became much more lively. Xianyang has been built for more than a hundred years, and it has been backed by Beiban in the huge river bend on the north bank of the Weishui River. The prosperity of the city is also concentrated on the north bank of the Weishui River.There are many mountain plateaus in Pingchuan on the south bank, and the water flows from the Nanshan Mountains into the Weishui River. The road is short and fast, and farming is difficult.When the capital was moved to Xianyang, the people of Qin lived together on the north bank of the Weishui River. Xiaogong Shang Yang designated the south bank of the Weishui River, where there was almost no arable land, as the garden of the Qin State Office.For more than 100 years, farming and work have been banned, and the forests on the south bank of the Weishui River have turned into sea animals, and the boundless and vast Nanshan Mountain has turned into a land and sea that is rare in the world.Except for a spare lane leading to Lantian Daying and a Zhangtai at the northern foot of Nanshan Mountain, there are almost no official buildings here.However, the creation is miraculous. In the northern part of this vast land and sea, that is, on the south bank of the Weishui River facing Xianyang far away, there is a river called Bashui flowing into Weishui from the Mangmang Nanshan Mountain. There are large willow forests growing on both banks, and the vastness and swaying cover more than a hundred miles. In spring, catkins flutter like snow, and Xianyang on the north bank looks like smoke in the distance, which is a wonder to the people of Qin!Just in this area where Ba and Wei meet and willow catkins are like smoke, a large clear lake with a radius of tens of miles has been accumulated in unknown years and months, surrounded by lush flowers and trees, and the people in the cloud have the fragrance of orchids.

One pool is like a mirror, two waters are like belts, catkins are like smoke, pines and cypresses form a sea, backed by Nanshan Mountain, looking at Beiban in the distance, the south bank of Weishui River is a natural scenery, so it has gradually become a scenic spot for Chinese people to go out in spring.However, because it is the royal family's garden, agriculture and industry have never been able to set foot in this ancient barren land.The business travelers from the six countries in Shangshangfang admired Lanchi and Baliu, and wrote to the royal family one after another, asking for permission to open hundreds of workshops and shops and restaurants here.When Cai Ze was prime minister, he also proposed the strategy of "opening the ban in Weinan, building ditches, expanding farmland, and reclaiming wasteland for Shandong immigrants".However, at that time, King Zhao of Qin kept his promise in his later years to deal with the six countries, and he was unwilling to make great progress in everything. The letter submitted by the Shandong business traveler and Cai Ze's expansion strategy were all muddled.When Meng Tian left Xianyang, the south bank of the Weishui River was still deserted and deserted, but now it is very different.

In the willow forest area between Lanchi and Weishui River, craftsmen are full of voices. Two large steles stand impressively.Obviously, they are all named after Lu Buwei's title!Between the two construction sites, a stone bridge leads directly to Xianyang on the north bank, and stands side by side with the old white bridge on the Weishui River in the west, forming two long rainbows lying on the surging Weishui River.The South Gate of Xianyang used to have only two city gates: the Zhengyang Gate facing the White Bridge, facing south to the main peak of Nanshan Mountain, so it was the South Main Gate; the west side two miles away and a side gate, because it directly leads to Shigang, the former capital of Yongcheng in the west. The wharf, so it is called Yongyang Gate.Now, a new city gate has been opened to the east of the South Main Gate, called Liyang Gate.Liyangmen is directly connected to the new bridge, and a new Shigang wharf is built on the east side.Meng Tian figured out that he must board a boat at the wharf to go east to the old capital Liyang, so it was called Liyang Gate, which exactly echoes the name of the west gate.On the shore of Lanchi, south of Wenxin Academy and Tianxia Xianyuan, there are also several shops and restaurants that have opened, and there are many noisy construction sites under construction.

"It's so strange! Is Lu Buwei going to set up a private school in Qin?" With a flash of thought, Meng Tian didn't want to go home, and after thinking for a while, he rode his horse and went straight to the hidden manor house on the south bank mountain.But when you enter the mountain, you can see that the appearance is very different from the original one. A road of loess gravel with a width of more than ten feet leads directly to the top of the mountain, and a stone tablet under the mountain is engraved with the words "Hongtai".After hesitating for a moment, Meng Tian finally climbed to the top of the slope.There is not much change in the Shantou Manor, except that a small courtyard with a well-designed layout has been newly built outside the manor, and maids come in and out from time to time.Meng Tian said he was looking for Wang Wan, a middle-aged maid came out, looked him over and asked if he was the son of Meng Tian?Meng Tian nodded, and the middle-aged maid led him into the main hall of the courtyard, and ordered the little maid to serve a large pot of herbal tea and sauced meat pot helmet without asking.Meng Tian, ​​who was busy in the world, was hungry and thirsty, and without saying a word, he drank heavily.After all, Wang Wan hurried over, took Meng Tian down the mountain, boarded a curtained car, and hustled into Xianyang Wangcheng.

"It really is you!" Ying Zheng pulled Meng Tian back in surprise, "You're dark and thin!" "Meng Tian sees King Qin." "Hey!" Ying Zheng raised Meng Tian's arms in disdain, "Ying Zheng is still Ying Zheng. Let's go, there is a secret room here." Turning around, he ordered, "Wang Wan, you stay guard in the study. As long as it's not Zhong's father, you can Said that I went to the Empress Dowager." After saying that, he pulled Meng Tian and pushed open the heavy wooden door deep in the east side hall. Talking eagerly while sipping tea, the two of them eagerly listened to each other's vicissitudes. It wasn't until Zhao Gao came in lightly and lit the copper lamp that they yelled in unison: "Ah! It's dark!" Drinking Zhao Gao With the two pots of mutton bone soup brought by Gao Ping, the two of them were in high spirits again.Ying Zheng thought excitedly: "As long as Li Si enters Xianyang, he will be a talent of Qin! As for that Han Fei, we will try to figure it out in the future. Hey, do you think this Li Si will go straight to Wangcheng to see me?" Meng Tian thought : "Under the current situation, Li Si is very likely to defect to Wen Xinhou's family. It will take seven days to try jade, and I think it is a good thing." The time is still far away, and I can neither test my merits nor protect the risks, so it is futile to keep it by my side." Meng Tian said: "I thought the same way, so I never revealed my real body, nor did I accompany Li Si into Hangu Pass." Ying Zheng said with a smile: "Of course, we must not teach 'Lu Tian' to disappear from now on. We must contact Li Si. Once the opportunity is approaching, we must be able to call this person." Meng Tian said: "That's right! I have already told my father There is a shop in Xianyang, and I will come to Xianyang for study tours from time to time, and when I come, I will have a drink with him!" "Okay!" Ying Zheng clapped the case, "As long as there are people, everything can be done! You can also see that Wen Xinhou's New Deal strategy has been completed. I have achieved initial results. I have no practical affairs, I just sit and wait in the Dongpian Temple every day, and listen to state affairs when I encounter them. It doesn’t matter whether I talk or not! At this moment, I only have one thought: I am familiar with the state affairs, and I will be able to use it!" Meng Tian suddenly said, "Hey, isn't Brother Wang Jian in Xianyang anymore?" I haven't seen the general in the past year." Meng Tian frowned: "My old father is getting more and more eager to fight, and there is no end to the piecemeal. In my opinion, the Central Plains Luoyang County is the foundation. Good business management, once prosperous and strong, the autumn wind will sweep away the fallen leaves! Fighting small battles all day long, I am too foolish!" Ying Zheng smiled relievedly: "Fight as often as you like, what is the way? There will be more small battles and big defeats. Such small battles must be stopped unless natural disasters. Humans can't stop now." Meng Tian's eyes flashed suddenly: "Is there someone who wants to expand the Luoyang fiefdom?" Ying Zheng shook his head solemnly: "Meng Tian must remember : You can’t criticize Wen Xinhou! I can’t, you can’t, and no one can!” Meng Tian suddenly cupped his hands: “Hey! Meng Tian understands!”

At this moment, Zhao Gao hurried in and whispered something to Ying Zheng.Ying Zheng smiled apologetically and said, "Wang Wan has something to say: Marquis Wen Xin is waiting for me in the main hall. Little Gaozi, send the young master out of the royal city through the secret road." Standing up, he hurried away. Lu Buwei became busy like never before. Ever since Shanju persuaded the young King Qin to return, Lu Buwei's heart has always been heavy and he can't let go.The young King Qin is obviously not a mediocre person who is easy to meet, but a young hero with strong opinions and talents.With the bodies of Prince Fu and Zhong's father, Lu Buwei would meet with the King of Qin almost every three to five days, and after talking about state affairs, he must also talk about studying.After half a year, Lu Buwei, who has a deep understanding of things, has a clear impression: the young Yingzheng is only legalist, and he is dismissive of other schools of thought!Although Yingzheng has never strongly criticized any theory, nor has he admired Legalism obsessively, Lu Buwei can still be keenly aware of the key points from a young man who can't hide his indifference to the former and his intimate knowledge of the latter.It would be a good thing if Yingzheng clearly and fiercely admired Legalism.For one thing, advocating legalism was originally the right way of Qin.Second, adhering to the Qin law is also the rule of thumb for the kings of Qin in all dynasties.As for Lu Buwei, we can point out the shortcomings of legalist governance directly, and we can also use the facts of the New Deal to prove that repairing these shortcomings is what the people of the country expect.However, Ying Zheng was clearly not like this.The young king of Qin was obviously suppressing his passion for Legalism, and he obviously intended to listen to "Father Zhong's teachings" without any arguments.Is this Ying Zheng's nature?In the face of Lu Buwei's New Deal, which both enforced and changed the Qin Law, Ying Zheng, a young man who has his own opinions in everything, never commented. This is Lu Buwei's heart disease.Lu Buwei once speculated that Yingzheng may think in his heart that the new policies that Lu Buwei continues to introduce are not the right way of legalism, and if he openly advocates legalism, it will be contrary to the current new policies of the Qin State, so he wants to hide himself and not have any disagreements with Lu Buwei .Lu Buwei remembered clearly that when he thought of this for the first time, he was almost taken aback!If so, his heart is unpredictable!Lu Buwei once mentioned this matter to Queen Mother Zhao Ji intentionally or unintentionally, and Zhao Ji smiled affectionately: "The boy has been domineering since he was a child, and his grandfather taught him to read, and he always argues and argues. But no matter what I say, the boy will You have to think about it for a while. It also has the same benefit, you will admit your mistakes and never pester you. You are Zhong's father, how can he know how to govern the country as a child?" After that, Lu Buwei secretly summoned Wang Wanbei to ask Ying carefully. Zheng's various behaviors and temperaments finally determined that this is just a common problem of paranoia among young talents.

Such concerns can only be discussed with Gang Chengjun Cai Ze. On a drizzle evening, Lu Buwei's bronze cart entered Cai Ze's mansion. In the state of Qin, Meng Ao, Lu Buwei, and Cai Ze were all foreigners who entered Qin at that time, and the old Qin people called them "foreign ministers".Among the three, only Meng Ao came to Qin with his family when he was a child, but he was not born in Qin after all, so he can't be regarded as a true Qin person, so he is still the same companion in the eyes of "foreign ministers".At present, the three of them happen to be the most powerful ministers of the three highest ranks in the Qin State. One prime minister, one general, and one minister are almost all the real powers of the Qin State.If the Queen Mother Zhao Ji, a daughter of Zhao State, and Qin Wang Yingzheng, who is half of Zhao State's blood, are included, the temple of Qin State is almost a foreign world.In today's world, only the state of Qin has such a rare phenomenon of foreign ministers gathering power.It is true that during the Warring States Period, countries appointed foreign celebrities as powerful ministers, which can be described as innumerable.But they all have one thing in common: what a famous monarch does for a generation, after that, it will be intermittent, and in the end, the weaker and the more suspicious of foreign celebrities.The Qin State is very different. Since Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Yang to reform the law, there have been six generations and seven monarchs for more than a hundred years.Generally speaking, there are five types of foreign ministers in the Qin State: one is famous scholars who became powerful ministers, such as Shang Yang, Zhang Yi, Gan Mao, Fan Ju, Wei Xun, Cai Ze, Lu Buwei, and later Li Si; the other is based on vertical and horizontal needs. Foreign ministers who entered Qin as ministers, such as Meng Changjun, who was once the prime minister of Qin, etc.; third, those who immigrated to Qin and became generals, such as Sima Cuo, Meng Ao, and generals of the Hu nationality in the army; However, the outdated order of seeking talents attracted people who came to Qin and became county magistrates and ministers of various government offices; the fifth was foreign princesses who married Qin Jun and became famous, and foreign nobles who followed the princess into Qin and made meritorious service, such as Empress Dowager Xuan, Lord Huayang, Lord Yangquan, etc.Such a continuous foreign minister's climate is beyond the reach of the six kingdoms of Shandong!As a matter of fact, once a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral tribe that has lived in the western border for hundreds of years, once it rises, it can be said that it is a strange thing in the world.What made Lu Buwei deeply moved was that the Qin government and the public never felt that there was anything abnormal, and there was no unreasonable fear and suspicion.Although the old Qin people sometimes cursed foreign ministers for a while because they were dissatisfied with something or someone, they never caused a wave of suspicion.This is the State of Qin, a place where the world's talented and talented people can't give up their ambitions.

"The whole world is open-minded, the king of Qin is small in the world!" I don't know how many heroes sighed. Only in this climate, Lu Buwei has never tabooed about the mutual contacts with Cai Ze, Meng Ao and all the "foreign ministers".Foreign ministers gather together to seek the country, and they have always been open and frank.For more than a hundred years, except for Zheng Anping who was recommended by Fan Ju to surrender to Zhao on the battlefield, countless foreign ministers have been loyal to Qin. There has never been a "two-hearted" person, let alone a betrayal of Qin.

However, Lu Buwei paid a visit to Cai Ze today, precisely because Cai Ze is a foreign minister and a native of Yan.The two of them had long felt the same about Qin Fa's lack, and they lost a lot of scruples when speaking.However, if this topic is mentioned to the old Qin people, both officials and civilians will look at you with a dark face first, and then there will be endless arguments.Even when discussing with Meng Ao, this general who is not from the old Qin is almost the same as the old Qin: it is okay to talk about how to do things, but if you want to deal with the "deficiency of Qin law" and how to repair and guide in general, Then he will sullen his face and stop it flatly.Only Cai Ze can talk about the long-term way.This gentleman has gone through ups and downs, and has long since lost his ambition to become prime minister again. It has become a well-known fact that he is determined to faithfully assist Lu Buwei in implementing the New Deal.With these two, Lu Buwei can at least let go of his speech.

"Sure enough, Marquis Wenxin!" Cai Ze greeted him with a smile, waving a big plantain fan. "Mr. Gang Cheng is ready?" Lu Buwei also smiled. Entering the main hall, Cai Ze immediately said: "This is the right time! When will we wait?" Lu Buwei smiled leisurely: "When is this time, I ask Gang Chengjun to teach me." Cai Ze laughed loudly: "Heaven knows and Earth knows! If you don't come, I will go." After talking overnight, Cai Ze's sixteen-character strategy was filtered out by the sound of pattering rain - Daxing Wenhua, recruiting virtuous people, writing books and writing books, and turning Qin's hostility!At the end Cai Ze smirked and said: "This strategy can be done but can't be said. Marquis Wen Xin should know the trick!" But Lu Buwei shook his head and sighed: "Gang Chengjun's strategy is the same, but the destination is biased!" Cai Ze Laughing loudly: "When did you cultivate so caressingly, the strategy is not wrong, but the destination can be biased? I have never heard of it!" Lu Buwei said seriously: "Your so-called those who turned Qin's hostility are biased by the six countries! If Wei Duo carries out the New Deal, so The plotters can only make up for the lack of Qin law, and only strengthen the foundation of Qin law, how can there be another!" Cai Ze couldn't help but smirked: "It's easy to say! It doesn't matter if you are hostile or lacking, just do it, It's a matter of left and right!" Lu Buwei smiled faintly and shook his head, but he didn't argue any further.

After some planning, Lu Buwei began to spread out in an orderly manner. Cai Ze's strategy was simplified by Lu Buwei into two practical things: one is to build a school palace, and the other is to build a door and guest courtyard, both of which are set up by private schools.In other words, whether it is the Academy or the Menke Academy, it is Lu Buwei's private affairs and has nothing to do with the government.The reason why he did this was that Lu Buwei weighed it repeatedly before making the case. To understand Lu Buwei's good intentions, we must first talk about the general trend of the Warring States civilization. During the Warring States Period, although the Qin State continued to grow stronger and overwhelm the world, in terms of civilization, both in terms of foundation and form, it was far inferior to the six kingdoms of Shandong.This is not only a fact recognized by the world, but also a fact recognized by the people of Qin.The reason for this is not that the Qin State did not have the financial resources and manpower to prosper Wenhua, but it is based on the fundamental concept of Shang Yang's rule of law: the country has no special customs, civil affairs are heavy, farming and war are the foundation, and there is no distraction!Based on this concept, Shang Yang's strategy for governing the country is very clear: one reward, one punishment, one education;Among them, the "one religion" that involves civilization and elegance, Shang Yang summarized it as: "What to do (the direction of education's efforts), it's just a war (it can only strengthen the people's fighting spirit)!" (Wealth and honor can only be obtained through military exploits), the strong and strong are dedicated to fighting (the strong and strong men only want to go to the battlefield), the old and the weak are dedicated to defending (the old and weak only want to defend their homes), the dead do not regret (the death of the battle does not regret it), the living Those who are alive should be persuaded (if they survive, they will encourage the people of the country to seek war), and then close the coffin (until they lie in the coffin). , for all scholars who are involved in Wenhua customs and may lose their fighting spirit, such as "bowen, debate wisdom, honesty, rites, music, practice, group party, Ren Yu (Ren Xia who is known for his efforts to protect others), Qing The law of the Qin Dynasty imposed strict restrictions on those who were "turbid": "You can't be rich (you can't get a rich status), you can't judge (you can't comment on state affairs), you can't discuss it independently (you can't discuss it in private, and you can't discuss it privately." Submit the results of the discussion to the government)!" Under such a law, all cultural activities are regarded as flashy and confusing, and naturally must be strictly prohibited.For more than a hundred years after Xiaogong Shangjun, although Shandong scholars continued to flow into Qin State, and Shandong business travelers entered Qin State in a large scale, Qin State has laws and regulations: scholars can only enter Qin as official officials, and cannot set up private schools Cultivate public opinion; when business travelers enter the Qin Dynasty, they can only operate in Xianyang Shangshangfang, which was specially built for foreign businessmen, and cannot enter the Chinese area of ​​the old Qin people, let alone live with the old Qin people.That is to say, Shang Yang's rule of law not only forbids all the local flamboyance of the old Qin, but also deliberately prevents the vanity of the six countries from infusing the Qin people!However, until the reign of King Qin Zhao, the state of Qin has expanded into a large country with five square kilometers, but all kinds of civilizations are still quite sparse, and none of the world's civilized events have occurred in the state of Qin. On the contrary, the six kingdoms of Shandong are flourishing and prosperous, full of vitality. The first is freedom of speech.At that time, in the six kingdoms of Shandong, the wind of slander was widespread, and the discussion of politics was very fashionable.A slanderer talks about right and wrong and blames mistakes.Speaking from a distance, when Yao and Shun were the leaders of tribal states, the various tribes in China had the systems of "slandering wood" and "remonstrating drums".Those who slander trees will set up tall wooden signs at all crossings for passers-by to write or draw, and make all kinds of criticisms and suggestions on state affairs; You can beat the drum to ask for an audience, and the officials of the Son of Heaven can hear the drum and can't refuse.This is the ancient tradition of "there are slander trees on the road, and dare to admonish drums in the morning".During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, although these traditions gradually declined, they still retained a strong legacy. Except for the slave class, Chinese people's speech has never been severely imprisoned.During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, slaves were liberated following the trend of reforms, scholars rose up following the trend of reforms, people's wisdom gradually developed, and the trend of public opinion among Chinese people rose again.As a result, the rites collapsed, the music broke, the tiles were thunderous, and the world was raging, and the common people's discussion of politics in the great Central Plains became a powerful force that influenced the political situation of all countries, so there was a temple admonition "defending the mouth of the people is better than defending Sichuan".These world conditions directly gave birth to the debate style of the scholar class. Through the filtering and re-creation of the public opinion by the scholar class, they gradually evolved into various ideas of governing the country, ways of studying, and learning of governing affairs. home too.As a result, the world's public opinion became more profound, and slander and controversy became commonplace, and its popularity became an unprecedented spectacle for a while! Followed by private school Daxing.Hundreds of schools of thought came out, discussing politics, discussing the country, establishing schools and establishing opinions, and Huang Huang's turbulent remarks are endless in the world. The murmurs gathered into the vast and unrestrained Chinese civilization, and created a brilliant day of stars one after another!Once the study is completed, the scholars will form a family.At that time, in addition to the four prominent schools of France, Confucianism, Mohism, and Taoism, there were military strategists, famous scholars, Yi families, Yin and Yang families, Ji Ran families, farmers, doctors, water families, alchemists, geologists, Yingguo (city building techniques), Gongjia, and music schools. Homes and more and more!Everyone who makes a statement and establishes a family has disciples to follow. Teachers and students make their own living and travel around the world, promote their own theories, spread the world's knowledge, run for the people's livelihood, criticize the current problems for the country, find a way out for themselves, change customs and customs, open up people's wisdom, and take responsibility for themselves. Many people save the world, it can be called the most brilliant page in the history of Chinese civilization! The third is the emergence of a large-scale official school.In the Warring States period, all the seven great states had official schools.The scale of official schools in Qin State is naturally far inferior to that of the six Shandong states.The official schools of the six kingdoms in Shandong are represented by Jixia Academy of Qi State, which gathers famous scholars from all over the world.From the establishment of the Jixia Academy in the later period of King Wei of Qi to the decline of the Academy of King Min of Qi, after nearly a hundred years through the four dynasties of King Wei, King Xuan, King Xiang, and King Min, Jixia Academy has always been the driving center of the world's culture, which is undeniable. Alternative hotbeds of civilization.The root of it is that the Qi State has never used the Jixia Academy as a source of officials. The trickle turns into rivers and seas, thus achieving the miracle of civilization that all dynasties in later generations can't match! The fourth is the style of Wenhua's famous ministers to support scholars, forming a unique peak of "religion" in Chinese history.The door guest is also a private person.In the Spring and Autumn Period, scholars began to be formed, and they were all talented elites filtered out from all walks of life in the world, especially ordinary people as the mainstream, so-called civilians.Most of the civilians came from poor families, and they searched for a way out with their talents. It is inevitable that there will be a lot of fugitives and robbers from all over the world. Naturally, their first priority is to make a living.Therefore, taking refuge in a wealthy family or seeking to expand or avoid hunting has become one of the important outlets for ordinary people.In order to cultivate their private influence, noble and powerful ministers also need such talented scholars who serve the private sect faithfully.As a result, the trend of nurturing scholars in the name of recruiting talents rose unexpectedly, and the phenomenon of disciples became popular all over the world, reaching its peak in the Warring States Period.Except for the powerful ministers of the Qin State, almost everyone of the powerful ministers and nobles of the six kingdoms in Shandong has a guest.How many dignitaries and diners have shrunk, how many diners have become famous overnight, the stories here are too numerous to count!And those who had thousands of diners were the four princes of the Warring States Period—Wei Wuji, Lord Xinling, Tian Wen, Lord Mengchang, Zhao Sheng, Lord Pingyuan, and Huang Xie, Lord Chunshen.These four people successively became powerful ministers in their own country for a while, and at the same time assisted Su Qin in launching the first joint war against Qin, and later became the leading figures of the joint war. Five or seven thousand, almost a group of people, the prosperity of private power is staggering! With these four ends, Shandong's ruling and wild customs are naturally very different from those of Qin. At that time, the most distinctive feature of Shandong style was the strong commercial style and advocating vanity, while the Qin people's style was heavy on agriculture, war and simple wood.Many of the corrupt world styles criticized by celebrities at the time all originated from the commercial livelihood of the people in the six kingdoms of Shandong that permeated the government and the opposition.From the root cause, since the Spring and Autumn period of business travel, after more than 400 years, the business prosperity of merchants in various countries in the Central Plains has reached an unprecedented peak.The commercial markets in major cities are prosperous, and the official and private markets are all prosperous.The Qi City of Linzi and the Wei City of Daliang were the first to lead the fashion, and there were few taboos about the flourishing of transactions.The Chu City in Chencheng, the Han City in Xinzheng, the Zhao City in Handan, and the Yan City in Jicheng, although there have been shrinking successively, they are not lacking in glitz and prosperity.If you add the Song City, Wei City, Lu City, Wu City, Yue City, Grassland Hu City, etc. that were once shining, it is not an exaggeration to say that the business style pervades the world.At that time, no matter rich or poor, officials no matter how big or small, they all tried their best to engage in business to enrich their families.The so-called "the prosperity of the world is all for profit; the world is full of hustle and bustle, all for profit." It is true!Historically speaking, the prosperity of business in the Warring States period was still beyond reach for the next two thousand years until China entered modern times. Under such a strong business atmosphere, luxury industries such as jewelry, entertainment, gaming, horse racing, prostitutes, rare artifacts, rare birds and animals, slave trading, and expensive hotels have sprung up. The grandeur created a popular officialdom, and the style of extravagance permeated the government and the public, which was the first of its kind in ancient times.The fundamental reason for this is that ordinary common people wantonly get involved in business, and the "nationals" living in urban castles are especially diligent in business, and they do not hesitate to get rich unexpectedly. "Historical Records: Biographies of Huozhi" not only enumerates the illustrious merchants in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, but also lists the "surprising" ways for ordinary common people to get rich through business: "The husband is slender and weak, and the right way to manage life. The rich must use miracles "The so-called method of surprise victory is a humble business route that the rich disdain. "Huozhi Biography" lists the people who specialize in low-level careers and get rich at that time: Uncle Tian used it to start a business by digging up the tomb for treachery; Carrying Jia) is cheap, but Yong Lecheng has become a rich family; selling grease is a humiliating business, but Yongbo has accumulated thousands of gold; selling pulp is a small business, but Zhang is rich in tens of millions; sharpening knives for others It was a meager skill, but the Zhi family went to the family of Ding Shi; the horse medicine was so simple that ordinary doctors disdain it, but Zhang Li became rich... At the end, Sima Qian was full of emotion: "From this point of view, if you are rich without business, you are a waste. The impermanent master, the capable converge, and the unworthy disintegrate. A family of thousands of gold is compared to the king of a capital, and those who are huge are enjoying the same joy with the king! Is the so-called "plain seal" evil! Isn't it?" That is to say, getting rich has no permanent karma, wealth There is no permanent lord, the capable gather wealth, and the mediocre destroy their property; the wealth of a rich family is comparable to that of a high-ranking official in a city, and the enjoyment of a lord of gold is comparable to that of princes and kings.Isn't it? Everyone is looking for business, and the customs of the country are naturally not honest. Although later history books have detailed and slightly different records of the customs of various regions, the "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" are still the most accurate and detailed descriptions of the customs of the Warring States period.Ladies and gentlemen, let’s take a look at the descriptions of the folk customs of various countries in the aforementioned documents: Su Qin, a political strategist, described Qi Guoyun: "Linzi is very rich and real, and all its people play Yu, harp, build, play the piano, fight cocks, lackeys, Liubo, and taju. The curtains are formed into curtains, the curtains are raised, and the sweat is poured into rain; the family is wealthy and full of people, with high ambitions!" The description in "Historical Records Huozhi Biography" is: "With mountains and seas, fertile soil for thousands of miles, the people are colorful, Good business seeks profit... Qi people are generous, generous, greedy and courageous. They are wise and talkative, but the land is heavy and hard to shake. They are timid in many battles and brave in stabbing. Therefore, those who rob people are also the style of a great country. (Gathering) the five peoples... wanderers enjoy their vulgarity and never return, so there are people from five directions!" "Han Shu Geographical Records" describes the cloud: "There are many extravagances in Qi vulgarity, weaving into ice and embroidered pure and beautiful things, The name is the crown, the clothes and the world." The description of the customs of the state of Chu states: "There are many people who sell fish and salt. The customs are light, easy to anger, and less than accumulation (few people accumulate wealth). Southern Chu has a lot of bamboo, wood, gold and iron, and the people are easy to say." , cleverly said that there is little faith, and it is the same as the customs in the south of the Yangtze River... Women are noble, good at offering sacrifices, and use historical witches, so they are vulgar witches and ghosts." The description of the customs of Zhao State goes: "The land is thin and the people gather together to play games. The elegiac songs are generous and there are many beautiful things. It is advocating excellence; the women play the drums and the anvils, flirt with the rich and noble, enter the harem, and spread to the princes. Farmers and merchants, reserved (straight and headstrong), good-natured, willing to be a chivalrous villain. Handan is rich in customs and customs, bold and quick-witted, high-spirited, not a villain... boasting of fame, revenge too straight, marrying and dying extravagantly." The description of Yan Guofeng's custom goes: "The land is vast and the people are few, and its customs are foolish and careless, frivolous and powerless, but they have their own strengths and dare to rush others; when guests pass by, they stay with their wives. Don't be proud of it." The description of Korean customs goes: "It is vulgar and extravagant, and it values ​​strength. It is good at merchants, fishing and hunting, and it is good at disputes and divisions...Vulgar miscellaneous good things, many businessmen, and a knight." The description of Wei Guofeng's customs goes: "There are people with salt and iron, and the people like to be merchants, and it is not good to be an official... The vulgar is strong, there are many tyrants and tyrants, and the kindness is small, and the life is good (the parents are there, but the property is different for the younger brother)." At that time, there was a famous scholar Wu Zha. Praise Wei Feng and say: "How beautiful is it!"It can be seen that the civilization of Wei State is flourishing. The customs of Zhou people in Luoyang are described as follows: "The mistakes of the Zhou people are cunning for profit, the nobles despise the righteous, the rich and the poor, they like to be merchants, and they are not good at officials... East Jia Qi, Lu, South Jia Liang, Chu. " The description of the customs of the Qin State goes: "The people like farming, growing five grains, the land is heavy, and they are evil (not dare to be evil)...The people's business is their own business, they practice war preparations, and they use their talents as officials. There are so many famous generals! Folk customs are solid, not ashamed of robbers... Hanxing, the capital of Chang'an, mixed places in five directions, customs are not pure, it is easy to be a thief, and it is often a drama in the world! Marriage is especially lavish, and death is excessive." Obviously, there is a big difference between Qin Feng in the Warring States Period and Qin Feng in later generations. Such vivid genre paintings can clearly show the folk customs of the world! As the proverb goes: "politics becomes custom for a long time." People's customs breed political ways, and political ways breed folk customs, which has been the case since ancient times.Qin's national customs took Shang Yang's reform as a watershed to make a big change, which is a typical example of political and moral development of people's customs.The reason why Shandong folk customs are completely different is directly due to political principles.This political way is the way of advocating business with a long history.Qin emphasizes agriculture while Shandong favors commerce. The foundations of planting are different, resulting in very different folk customs.As a matter of fact, neither the people of Qin were born to be evil merchants, nor the people of the six countries were born to worship merchants.The fundamental reason for the difference lies in the different incentives and supervision of the two ways of governing the country, and in a deeper way lies in the difference between the two concepts of governing the country. Shang Yang’s philosophy of governing the country has already been mentioned, let’s take a look at Shandong’s philosophy of governing the country. We only talk about Qi State, which has the strongest business style.In the Spring and Autumn Period, Jiang Shang, the first monarch of Qi Liguo, developed a way of governing the country that was different from Zhou Dao: "The Taigong hoped to be entrusted to Yingqiu, where the earth was flooded with bitterness, and the people were few. So the Taigong persuaded his daughters to work hard and be very skillful. Passing fish and salt... the business of business and industry, because of the customs, the rites are simple, and the people return to the same." "Book of the Former Han Dynasty" says: "At the beginning of the Taigong (Jiang Shang) ruled Qi, he practiced Taoism, respected virtuous wisdom, and rewarded meritorious service. , So far, most of his scholars are good at scriptures and skills, and boast their fame (not come out to do practical things); their shortcomings (disadvantages are) boasting extravagance and cliques, words and deeds are fallacious, deceitful and ruthless, and they will disperse when they are in a hurry (in case of emergency, they will disperse) If you slow down, you will indulge (in ordinary times, you will indulge and enjoy yourself)." Two records, the former said that Qi State started to encourage (persuade) trade and simplify the etiquette system to attract people, and the latter said that Qi State indulged in morals at the beginning.The two infiltrate each other, and the national style begins to indulge. Later, Guan Zhong pioneered the reform of the New Deal, and he had a clearer opinion on the business style of the people. He said: "Eating and drinking are also those who enjoy luxury, and what the people want. Simplicity makes the people poor; Meilong Tomb (Build luxurious farmhouses and tombs), that’s why it’s civilized; huge coffins, that’s why carpenters are employed; there are many quilts, so that’s why female workers are employed. It’s not exhaustive, so there is this, floating. …do this to eat each other, and then the people will benefit from each other.” Jiang Shangzhi's way and Guanzi's theory have actually been the way of establishing the people and the idea of ​​governing the country of the six kingdoms in Shandong, and they are still regarded as the standard in the Warring States period.With this idea, the business style has become popular and the folk style is luxurious, which has become an inevitable derivative of tradition.In the Warring States period, even the Li Kui Reform of Wei State, which shocked the most, still regards the expansion of merchants and the use of business channels as a basic national policy.Li Kui's decree to ensure that it does not hurt farming is not to restrict merchants, but to adjust grain prices by means of commercial markets.Later, Bai Gui, the prime minister of Wei State, became an official even as a great businessman in the world, and he often discussed governing the country with the way of doing business, discussing business with the way of governing the country, and directly integrated business and politics.Compared with Shang Yang's Qin Law, which emphasized agriculture to guarantee and encourage agricultural wars, this is obviously another more far-reaching concept of governing the country.If the six countries can pay equal attention to law and business, and can persevere in reforms as they do in advocating business, history may look different. Although the six national customs are often criticized, they are still the source of civilization and elegance. What Lu Buwei wants to do is to open up the wind of civilization in Qin, so that the civilization of Qin can stand shoulder to shoulder with the six kingdoms of Shandong, and also make the strategy of transforming Qin in his heart come true.And the first step that can be done is to set up private schools, recruit disciples, rely on a large number of academic scholars who enter their sects to create a general trend of civilization, and then write books and theory, gradually inducing the trend of the government and the public.Lu Buwei knew very well that in the state of Qin, if the government wanted to do this, there would inevitably be a dispute in the temple, and if it was not handled well, it would cause shocks throughout the country!The only feasible strategy at present is to use one's own power to influence the power of the government and the opposition, and act in a private way. If there is chaos, you can act calmly.