Chapter 11 Regicide again

To repeat a topic we said earlier, being a monarch is a very boring thing.The reason why being a monarch is boring is because his every move, every word and deed is followed by others. If he is a little careless, he will be reprimanded by the doctor if he is near, and his ears are not clean; Failure to govern will lead to subjugation of the country. In short, it is not fun at all.What's more terrible is that there is never a shortage of pretenders to the throne around the monarch.Although in any era, killing the king is a very serious crime, and it is marked with a special word "killing", but throughout the hundreds of years in the Spring and Autumn Period, there are many records of killing the king. According to the statistical data of "In the Spring and Autumn Period, fifty-two countries were subjugated, and thirty-six were regicides", regicide seems to be a fashionable sport in the Spring and Autumn Period. If there is no regicide in any country, it is a bit uncomfortable.It is conceivable that being a monarch in this environment is in danger of being killed at any time, which is really not a fun job.

Halley's Comet visited the earth in 613 BC and left a conclusive record in "Spring and Autumn".In this regard, Shufu, the authority on astrology at that time and the internal historian of the Zhou royal family, predicted: "Within seven years, the kings of Song, Qi, and Jin will die in civil strife." Judging from what happened later, Shufu is not Half immortal, but full immortal. The first person to be persuaded by the uncle was Song Zhaogong, the monarch of Song State.Since he came to power in 620 BC, Song Zhaogong has not been very peaceful.First of all, when he came to the throne, he wanted to expel the group of princes, but was attacked by the "Mu and Xiang clan", resulting in the deaths of Gongsun Gu and Gongsun Zheng, and finally ended with "Liuqing and the Gongshi"; followed by 619 BC In 1999, his grandmother Mrs. Song Xianggong launched a rebellion among several nobles such as Huashi, Leshi, and Huangshi, killing Song Zhaogong's main supporters Kong Shu, Gongsun Zhongli and Gongzi Ang; Chen Bing on the border of Song State, coerced Song Zhaogong to surrender to Chu State by force, and held a large-scale hunting activity in Mengzhu of Song State. In 613, Gao Ai, the general guard of Xiaodi in Song State, couldn't understand Song Zhaogong's actions, so he defected to Lu State.In short, when Song Zhaogong was in power, there were constant internal and external troubles. He himself also liked to toss around, either to expel the group of princes, or to be rude to his grandmother, which led to domestic political turmoil, frequent stories, and unrest for the country and the people.In this case, people around you will inevitably have the idea of ​​replacing it.This person is Song Zhaogong's half-brother Gongzi Bao.

What kind of person is the young master Bao?He is comparable to the son-in-law businessman (that is, Qi Yigong) we mentioned earlier.It should be said that in terms of buying people's hearts, he is better than the son-in-law businessman.The targets of the prince's businessman's bribes are mainly the "nationals" of the state of Qi, while the targets and methods of the prince's purchase are even more comprehensive and multi-level. First, he is "respectful to the people of the country".When there was a famine in the Song Dynasty, he tried his best and gave all he had to sell grain to the residents of the capital at a low price.For the elderly over 70 years old, he even gave free food and some delicacies from time to time, which was deeply loved by the old men.

Second, he "counts the gates of the Six Ministers every day."In other words, he not only pays attention to the foundation of the masses, but also pays attention to taking the upper-level route. He goes to the Liuqing's house every day to ask about his health. Third, he respects talents, "the country's talents are all things."As long as there are capable people, no matter how high or low, he is willing to make friends with them. Fourth, he is good at using family resources, "everything below Zihuan is sympathetic."All the members of the public family from the great-grandfather Song Huangong have been taken care of by him.

Fifth, he has the support of his grandmother Mrs. Song Xianggong.As mentioned earlier, Mrs. Song Xianggong is the sister of King Zhou Xiang, and she has a very strong political influence in Song State. She can mobilize the public clan to rebel with a single call.But why did Mrs. Song Xianggong support son Bao?The answer may be unexpected: because he is handsome.There is a record in "Zuo Zhuan" as evidence: "My son Bao is beautiful and gorgeous." As early as 711 BC, the author of "Zuo Zhuan" once assigned the word "beautiful and gorgeous" to Mrs. Kong, the wife of Kong Fujia, a stunning beauty in Song Dynasty at that time.A century later, son Bao became the second person to receive this honor.Using "beautiful and gorgeous" to describe the beauty of a man, it is not difficult for future generations to speculate that the son Bao is by no means a rough handsome guy, but a more feminine handsome guy, probably similar to Chen Kun in appearance.Mrs. Kong is beautiful and glamorous, a beauty that is crisp to the bone, and can make Hua's father supervising the color of the soul; the son Bao is beautiful and glamorous, also has the effect of ecstasy, making Song Song, who is a grandmother (of course not a real grandmother) Mrs. Xianggong couldn't hold back either, she threw herself into her arms and wanted to have an affair with him.

According to historical records, King Zhou Xiang died after reigning for thirty-four years. At this time, it was eight years since the death of King Zhou Xiang, and twenty-six years since the death of Song Xianggong.Mrs. Song Xianggong is the elder sister of King Zhou Xiang. Based on this calculation, she should be around sixty at this time.In ancient times, women were married at the age of 13 or 14, and had children at the age of 15 or 16. If they were over 30 years old, they could be called half-old mistresses.Mrs. Song Xianggong, at the age of 60, is still full of enthusiasm and posing, which is rare.Fortunately, although the son Bao was eager to get the grandmother's support, he finally kept the bottom line of being a man. He didn't bite the bullet and go to bed with her, but very tactfully refused her pursuit.

Later generations have no way of guessing how the son Bao did this—even though Mrs. Song Xianggong's courtship was rejected, she still has a deep love for the son Bao, or in other words, she hopes to get the love of the son Bao even more.She raised her support for son Bao to a new level. She not only waved the flag for him, but also used her own private money to provide political funds for son Bao, allowing him to use more generous means to buy people's hearts. If you regard the political game between Young Master Bao and Song Zhaogong as a game of cards, it is no exaggeration to say that Young Master Bao has all the trump cards in his hands, and Song Zhaogong can only raise his hands and surrender.

We might as well take a look at the "Six Ministers" who were able to influence the political situation of the Song Dynasty at that time. They are: Youshi Huayuan is the great-grandson of Father Hua. Left Master Sun You. Sima Hua is a brother of Hua Yuan.According to records, in 612 B.C., Huaguo visited the State of Lu on behalf of the State of Song. Duke Wen of Lu received him with the same courtesy as Qing. The history books of various countries, as his descendant, how dare I humiliate the emperor and give you a banquet?" Strongly demanded to treat each other with the courtesy of a doctor.The people of Lu believed that he responded appropriately.

Situ Linxi. Sicheng Dangyizhu, during the civil strife in 619 BC, as a supporter of Song Zhaogong, Dangyizhu was forced to flee to the State of Lu for refuge.In 616 BC, he was able to return to China through the mediation of the Minister of the State of Lu. Mr. Si Kou went to court. Among the six ministers, it is worth mentioning that Sicheng Dangyi Zhu. Dang Yizhu's grandfather is called Gong Zidang, and his father is called Gongsun Shou, both of whom are from the public clan.According to the principle of "granting the family", in Yizhu's generation, he was given the surname "Dang" by the monarch, so he was called "Dangyizhu".

The Dangyi families have held the position of Sicheng for generations.Gongzi Dang died around 619 BC. Gongsun Shou was supposed to take over as Sicheng, but Gongsun Shou instead let his son Dang Yizhu take over the position.People at that time thought it was very strange. Gongsun Shou explained: "The current king has no way, and Sicheng is a high-ranking official who is close to the king. I am afraid that it will hurt himself. However, if you abandon the official and do not do it, the life of the family will never be settled. , is not a solution. My son is another self. For the benefit of the family, he should also stand up. Even if he dies because of this, as long as I am still alive, the family will not be wiped out."

Gongsun Shou did this, it is hard to say whether it is shameless or unique wisdom.But his son Sang Yizhu is quite a loyal person, and his loyalty is almost pedantic. In November 611 BC, Mrs. Song Xianggong planned to take advantage of Song Zhaogong's hunting in Mengzhu and send someone to kill him. The situation at that time was very unfavorable to Song Zhaogong.The conspiracy between Mrs. Song Xianggong and son Bao has become a public conspiracy, and even Song Zhaogong himself knows about it.But people are knives, I am fish, so what if I know it? When the mountain rain was about to come and the wind filled the building, Song Zhaogong, who had always been not very bright, showed a kind of calmness that was optimistic about his fate.According to the original plan, he went to Mengzhu Lake to hunt, and he brought all the gold, silver and jewelry he could bring. Dangyizhu asked him tentatively: "Why don't you flee abroad and ask the princes to accept you, so you can still save your life?" Song Zhaogong replied: "As a king, I can't satisfy the officials, my grandmother and the people of the country. Even if I escape, who will accept me? Besides, since I became a king, but went abroad to bow down to others, it is better to die in peace.” On the way, he distributed the gold, silver and jewels to the attendants around him, asking them to escape.Only the swingers are determined not to leave. Mrs. Song Xianggong knew the loyalty of Dangyizhu, so she specially sent an envoy to Mengzhu Lake to spread the word, asking Dangyizhu to leave quickly, so as not to burn everything. Dangyi thanked the envoy for his kindness, and facing the cold wind in the mountains, he said: "As a subject, if you run away when the monarch is in trouble, even if you are lucky enough to save your life, what will the new monarch think of this kind of person? "After speaking, he sent the envoy back. Judging from this section of records, among the six ministers, only Sangyizhu followed Song Zhaogong wholeheartedly. Even if the other five did not become Prince Bao's accomplices, they all hid at home and watched from the sidelines for fear of harming themselves. Mrs. Song Xianggong sent Shuai Dian to lead people to intercept and kill Song Zhaogong, expressing her loyalty by dying.The so-called Shuaidian is the official name in the Spring and Autumn Period. He commanded about 300 infantrymen, which is probably equivalent to the current battalion commander. Song Zhaogong was incapable of governing the country, and everyone betrayed his relatives, so Mrs. Song Xianggong only sent a battalion commander to deal with him. "Spring and Autumn" records: "Song people killed their king Chujiu." Chujiu is the name of Song Zhaogong. "Zuo Zhuan" explained that because Song Zhaogong had no way, he wrote his name directly to show criticism. The son Bao inherited the throne of the Song State as he wished, which was the Song Wengong in history.He appointed his younger brother, Gong Zixu, to take up the post of Sicheng.Later, Sima Hua died, and he appointed Dang Hui (hui) to take over the post of Sima. Dangbi is the younger brother of Dangyizhu.Song Wengong did this, in addition to appeasing people's hearts, he still had a little respect for Sangyizhu. The regime change of the Song State was supported by Mrs. Song Xianggong and ordinary citizens. Although bloodshed occurred, it did not cause more turmoil.In contrast, the international community has shown greater interest in this event.In 610 B.C., initiated by the state of Jin, the coalition forces of Jin, Wei, Chen, and Zheng formed hastily to attack the state of Song for the crime of regicide. According to the "Guoyu" records, the young Lord Ling of Jin expressed different opinions on the dispatch of troops. He said to Zhao Dun: "This matter is not the top priority of our Jin country." Zhao Dun replied: "Heaven and earth are supreme, and the second is The righteousness of the monarch and ministers, this is the clear instruction since ancient times. Now the people of the Song Dynasty have committed crimes against their superiors and killed their monarchs. The incident also happened in the state of Jin." So he inspected the army at the temple and prepared to crusade against the state of Song with great fanfare.Zhao Tong was puzzled by this, and asked: "There will be a big war in the country. Why do you beat drums and gongs instead of appeasing the people?" Then condemn it. If we act secretly and attack the Song Dynasty, others will think that we are invading a weak country. Therefore, we must make a big fanfare and use the righteous teacher to condemn the crimes of the people of the Song Dynasty. The outside world doesn't know. I did this to promote the righteousness of the monarch and ministers!" So he sent an envoy to announce to the world, and brought the princes' coalition army to the Song Dynasty with drums and music. Zhao Dun talked about so many principles, put on a stance of pleading against the heavens, and mobilized a large number of troops, but the result was the same as the previous crusade against Qi, which ended in anticlimactic conditions. He was brought to justice, but instead recognized the legitimacy of Song Wengong's regime, and returned quietly. It was originally to question the crime, but it turned out to be He Xi, and only Zhao Dun could do this kind of thing.Although there is no clear record in historical data, we can guess that money played a role again this time.Song Wengong followed Qi Yigong's approach and gave Zhao Dun a large sum of bribes, and sent the Allied Forces of the Four Kingdoms away. This incident made Qi Yigong completely see the true face of the overlord of Jin.In the summer of the same year, he unilaterally tore up the peace agreement between Qi and Lu, and personally led troops to invade the northern border of Lu.This is naturally a serious violation of the Hudi alliance treaty.However, the people of the state of Lu had seen the true face of the state of Jin clearly, and had no illusions about it, so they quickly sent their sons to the state of Qi to demand peace talks, and signed an alliance with Duke Yi of Qi in Gucheng. In the winter of the same year, the son came to Qi State again to thank Qi Yigong, and at the same time, he also wanted to test how big Qi State's ambitions for Lu State were.After returning, he said to Lu Wengong: "Everyone is worried, saying that the people of Qi State will eat the wheat of Lu State. But according to my observation, this is unlikely, because when Qihou talked to me, his tone was rough. Zang Wenzhong said However, those who are the lord of the people will die if they live with it. Let us wait and see." The next year, in the spring of 609 BC, disturbing news came from the border of Qi and Lu, and the main force of the Qi army was assembled again, preparing to invade Lu.However, the Lu people waited for more than ten days, but there was no movement on the other side of the border, so they sent spies to Qi to inquire, only to find out that Qi Yi was ill, so they delayed the invasion of Lu. The people of the state of Lu also learned that Duke Yi of Qi was terminally ill, and the doctors of the State of Qi were at a loss what to do, and concluded that Duke Yi of Qi would not survive the fall.Everyone in the state of Lu breathed a sigh of relief about this, and Duke Wen of Lu specially sent someone to do the divination, and said: "It would be great if that person died before sending troops!" The doctor Huibo ran to the temple and told Lu Wengong's wish to the tortoise shell used for divination - this was the usual practice at that time.The doctor in charge of divination, Chu Qiu, was ordered to use a tortoise shell for divination, and the result was: "Qihou will die before he can send troops, but it is not because of illness. And the Lord will not hear the news of his death, and the person who told the tortoise shell also has a bad omen." The "lord" is Duke Lu Wen. The reason why he couldn't hear the news of Duke Yi's death was because he left before Duke Yi.Of course, the one who told Turtle Shell was Huibo, and his misfortune would soon come. In February 609 BC, Lu Wengong, who had reigned for eighteen years, passed away.Three months later, Duke Yi of Qi died unexpectedly. When Qi Yigong was a son, he had a conflict with the father of the doctor Bing 歜 (chu) because of a fight for land, but he didn't take advantage of it.When he became the king, Bing's father had passed away for many years. Qi Yigong sent people to dig up the old man's grave, get his body out, and executed the punishment of cutting off, that is, cutting off his two feet, to vent the old man's death. anger. The Chinese have respected the dead since ancient times.When Qi Yigong did this, Bing Shi dared to be angry but did not dare to speak.What is even more unexpected is that not long after, Duke Yi of Qi actually appointed Bing Shu as his driver.In the eyes of the people at the time, this was an extremely dangerous thing, because Bing Shi held a grudge and might find an opportunity to assassinate Duke Yi at any time.But Qi Yigong didn't think so at all.It is difficult to understand his motivation for doing this, except to speculate that he found it amusing, just amusing. What's more interesting is that Qi Yigong fell in love with the wife of another doctor, Yan Zhi, and took Mrs. Yan to the palace.Perhaps to humiliate the hapless husband, perhaps for some dark psychological pleasure, he again appointed Yan Zhi as the can (can) vehicle. The monarch travels in a military chariot, and the military chariot guards standing beside the monarch are called "Rongyou";It can be seen that the stewardship is equivalent to the usual guard of the monarch, and it is also a very sensitive position.Now Qi Yigong only needs to go out, and among the two people closest to him, one has a hatred for his father and the other has a hatred for his wife. This is really quite rare. In May 609 BC, Duke Yi of Qi took his court personnel to Shenchi on the outskirts of Linzi to play.The driver, Bing Shu, and the guard, Yan Zhi, were swimming in Shenchi to cool off the heat. While chatting and laughing, Bing Shu suddenly hit Yan Zhi on the head with a bamboo.Yan Zhi was furious and wanted to fight Bing Shu desperately. "Don't, don't..." Bing Shu said with a playful smile, "You don't get angry when someone robs your wife, so it's no big deal to hit you!" Yan Zhi was stunned for a moment, heard something in Bing Shi's words, and responded: "Then I am better than the kind of father whose bones were cut up, but how about people who don't know how to be sad?" The two looked at each other.Looking from a distance, Qi Yigong was drunk and was lying on the edge of a bamboo forest by the pool, sleeping soundly.There are no guards around - the guards are Yan Zhi.The two swam quietly, Yan Zhi took out a short knife that he carried with him, Bing Shu went around behind Qi Yigong, and suddenly pressed his shoulder, Yan Zhi raised the knife and dropped it... After killing Qi Yigong, Bing Shu and Yan Zhi dragged his body into the bamboo forest.After finishing these things calmly, they drove Qi Yigong's carriage back to the city, found a tavern and got drunk, then threw away the wine glasses, and took their respective families with them, taking it easy fled to another country. According to legend, after the family members learned that they had killed the king, they were very nervous and kept urging them to hurry up so as to avoid being hunted down.Bing Shi said indifferently: "Don't worry, the king has no way, the people of the country have long wanted him to step down, what do we have to be afraid of?" Sure enough, the people of Qi State showed indifference to Qi Yigong's death, they cleaned the palace, and soon supported the son Yuan as the king.Gongzi Yuan is also Qi Huigong in history.Among the sons born to Duke Huan of Qi, he was the fifth to ascend the throne. In June of the same year, the state of Lu held a grand funeral for Lu Wengong.As a sign of improved relations between the two countries, Qi Huigong sent envoys to attend Lu Wengong's funeral. In order to please the new master of the Qi State, in the fall of this year, the Duke of Lu and his uncle Sun Dechen came to the State of Qi to congratulate Duke Hui of Qi on his ascension to the throne, and at the same time thank the State of Qi for sending people to the funeral of Duke Wen of Lu. However, in addition to the above-mentioned public mission, the young master also had a secret mission of his own making on his trip. Qi and Lu have always intermarried.Lu Wengong's main wife, the Jiang family, is also the princess of Qi.The Jiang family gave birth to the eldest son Ei and the son Shi for Lu Wengong.After the death of Duke Wen of Lu, according to the convention, the elder son E should inherit the throne.However, Duke Wen of Lu also had a concubine named Jingying, who gave birth to his son Wo.Jing Ying was not as noble as the Jiang family, but he had political ambitions. He had a relationship with Prince Sui very early (what kind of relationship is unknown), and entrusted Prince Wo to Prince Sui's care.After Lu Wengong's death, the son wanted to make the son Wo the king, but he was strongly opposed by Hui Bo and other ministers. The secret mission of the young master to the state of Qi was to persuade the new Duke Hui of Qi to agree with the young master Wo to be the king of the Lu state, which meant abolishing the status of the eldest son evil as the heir. The eldest son E's mother, the Jiang family, is the princess of Qi, so the young master wants to abolish the eldest son E's status as heir. It is naturally prudent to seek Qi Huigong's opinion in advance, but it is also an act of seeking skin from a tiger. Unexpectedly, Duke Hui of Qi agreed with Prince Sui's idea. "Zuo Zhuan" explained this, "Qihou Xinli wants to get close to Lu, Xu Zhi." Just to get close to Lu, it seems a bit unreasonable to allow others to bully his own people.We can only guess that the problem lies in "Xinli". After all, Qi Huigong also came to power through the game of "King Killing". Being able to recognize his legitimacy, he's willing to do the business.What's more, in order to please Qi Huigong, the son also promised that once the son Wo came to power, he would marry the princess of Qi State as his wife, and dedicate the land of Jixi to Qi State as a reward. With the permission of Duke Hui of Qi, the son let go of his actions.Not long after returning from Qi, he sent people to assassinate the eldest son E and the son Wang, and made the son Wo the king, which was the Duke Xuan of Lu in history. At the same time, the son killed Hui Bo, the opposition party in the court.According to "Zuo Zhuan", the young master falsely passed on the order of the eldest son E, and summoned Huibo to the palace to meet him.Huibo's retainer, Gong Ran Wuren, saw something was wrong, and reminded Huibo that after he left, there would be bad luck.Hui Bo is a man of old-fashioned thinking. He said: "If the king wants the minister to die, the minister has to die." The official servant patted his thigh and said, "Well, of course the emperor's order cannot be violated, but if it is not the emperor's order, why should you obey it?" Bo must go, but was killed by Prince Sui's men in the stable of the palace.Gong Ran Wuren protected Hui Bo's family and fled to Cai Guo. Huibo died loyal to the emperor, and later generations commented on Huibo, but they didn't have much praise.The most representative comment is this: Whenever there is a treacherous person (of course referring to the son Sui and his like) in power, if he wants to abolish and seize the lord, if he wants to oppose it, he must fully consider the countermeasures. If you don't act in secret, you can only sit and wait for death. Interestingly, in the records of "Spring and Autumn", the death of eldest son E is only described in the word "Zi Zu", while Hui Bo's death is not written at all.According to later generations, it was speculated that the historian at that time was afraid of the son's revenge, so he dared not write about it directly. The most pitiful thing is Jiang Shi, the mother of eldest son E and son Shi.After the young master killed her two sons, he did not dare to detain his mother like the Qi people did, and took the initiative to send Jiang back to Qi.Jiang's carriage passed by the main street of the capital of the Lu State. She couldn't help being sad, and cried loudly: "Oh my god, Xiangzhong (the son Suizi Xiangzhong) is a rebellious person. He killed his son and established his concubine. What is the crime of the two children!" Those who heard it were all sad and wept.Therefore, the Lu people also called the Jiang family Ai Jiang.Counting it, this is already the second "sad ginger" of Lu State (the first one is Lu Zhuanggong's wife). In 609 BC, Duke Wen of Lu (died of illness), Duke Kang of Qin (died of natural causes), Duke Yi of Qi (killed by vendetta), Duke Lu (assassinated) and Duke Ju Ji (assassinated) died successively of princely figures. The State of Ju was a small country in the Spring and Autumn Period, adjacent to the State of Lu, and close to the Dongyi tribe, so its culture and customs were similar to those of the Dongyi people.After the death of the monarch of Ju State, there is no posthumous title, and his monarch is often named after the place name.The word "Ji" in Ju Jigong is the place name. Duke Ji of Ju gave birth to Pu, his eldest son, and Ji Tuo, his youngest son.Ju Jigong loved his youngest son very much, so he disregarded the tradition and abolished the inheritance rights of the eldest son servant, intending to let Ji Tuo inherit his position.The eldest son servant was very dissatisfied with this, and Ju Jigong was debauched and deeply hated by the people, so the eldest son servant launched a national riot, killed Ju Jigong, and then defected to the state of Lu with a batch of gold and silver treasures. The newly appointed Lu Xuangong received a bribe from the eldest son servant, and he made a decision on the spot to give the eldest son servant a piece of land, and confessed to his left and right: "We must go through the formalities today and give him the land!" However, Jisun Xingfu, who was ordered to act, changed Lu Xuangong's order as soon as he turned around. He ordered Si Kou to supervise the elder servant and send him out of the border, and said: "He must be sent out today, there must be no mistakes!" Lu Xuangong was very puzzled and very dissatisfied, and chased Ji Sunxing father to discuss right and wrong. This young man has not yet felt that ever since the son killed the elder son E and made him the monarch, the political situation of the Lu Kingdom has quietly changed. The situation of controlling Lu State gradually took shape. As mentioned earlier, the so-called "Three Huans" are the descendants of Duke Huan of Lu's sons, namely the Ji family, the descendant of Ji You, the Meng family, the descendant of Qingfu, and the Shu Sun family, the descendant of Shu Ya.Ji Sun Xingfu was the patriarch of the Ji clan at that time, with a high position and authority. After hearing Lu Xuangong's questioning, he smiled but did not answer, and turned to ask Big Shike to explain to the young monarch. The next passage that Dashike said can be called a small essay: "Back then, Zang Wenzhong, the former doctor of our country, taught Ji Sun Xingfu how to serve the monarch, Xingfu treated him like a standard (nie), and dared not be careless. "Dr. Zang Wenzhong said this - when you see someone serving the monarch with courtesy, treat him like a filial son serving his parents; when you see someone treating the monarch with disrespect, you criticize him like an eagle chasing a bird. "When Duke Zhou, the ancestor of the state of Lu, formulated the Rites of Zhou, he said that the principle of etiquette is to measure a person's moral character, and moral character is the basis for doing things. The performance of doing things can measure a person's credit and evaluate his contribution to the people. Contribution. When reading the "Oath", it is said that abolishing etiquette is called "thief", covering up thieves is called "hiding", stealing people's property is called "robbing", and stealing national treasures is called "rape". Bearing the notoriety of covering up thieves , Accepting and granting state treasures stolen by traitors is a fierce virtue, not beneficial to the monarch, and an unforgivable crime. "We carefully observed the eldest son servant with the principle of propriety, and found that he is useless. Since ancient times, filial piety to parents, loyalty to the monarch, honesty and trustworthiness are all virtues; Fierceness. From the point of view of filial piety, this servant of the eldest son of Ju killed his father; from the point of view of loyalty, he stole the country’s treasures. As a human being, he is a thief; , is stolen goods. If you take him in and accept his benefits, you will commit the crime of covering up. If the people of Lu State all learn from him, it will lead to confusion in social thinking, and the people will lose the principles of life. This man He is definitely not a kind person, and he is full of viciousness, so he was expelled from the country. "In ancient times, the Gaoyang clan had eight talented men, named Cang Shu, Yan Li, Yi Ji, Da Lin, Qiao Jiang, Ting Jian, Zhong Rong, and Shu Da. Insight into the world, perseverance, dignified behavior, honesty and trustworthiness, people all over the world call them "Eight Kais". Leopard and Ji Li, they are loyal, prudent, self-cultivation, thoughtful, thoughtful, kind, philanthropic, help those in need, and emphasize harmony. People all over the world call them "Eight Yuan". Passed down from generation to generation, talented people came out in large numbers, and they were eulogized with good family traditions. In the era when Yao ruled the world, Yao did not use them as officials. Later Shun became Yao's courtiers and recommended 'Bakai' as local officials. He formulated rules and regulations for state-like activities, so that all kinds of affairs can be carried out in an orderly manner, so that the sky is flat and the harmony between heaven, earth and people is achieved; Educate children, mothers raise their children with love, elder brothers treat younger brothers with love, younger brothers treat elder brothers with respect, sons serve their parents with filial piety, and society is harmonious and stable. "In ancient times, Emperor Hong's family had an unworthy son. This man avoided seeing virtuous people, and hid and hid and gave shelter to rebellious officials and thieves. He behaved pervertedly and had a cruel temperament. The Howl family also had an unworthy son, who had no faith at all, was disloyal and disrespectful, and liked to cover up his evil deeds with oblique rhetoric. Educate him, he has a rebellious mentality, don't teach him, he will get worse, it can be said that he is not good at anything, and people in the world call him "梼杌". This family of three people has been passed down from generation to generation, and their reputation is getting worse and worse. In Yao's time, Yao had nothing to do with them. Jinyun also had an unworthy son who was lazy, greedy, extravagant, and amassing property. He never cared for the widowed, let alone helped the poor. Taotie, together with the above-mentioned three clans, is called the "Four Violents". After Shun became Yao's courtier, he exiled the Four Vicious Clans to wild lands in all directions and asked them to resist the monsters in the mountains and forests. After Yao's death, the world was stable. , with one heart and one mind, and supported Shun as the Son of Heaven, because Shun was able to promote the virtuous and avoid evil. Therefore, the "Book of Yu" enumerates Shun's achievements, saying that he promoted five kinds of ethics, formulated hundreds of regulations, and drove away vicious people. "Shun used eight Kai and eight yuan to eradicate the four evildoers. He made 20 great achievements, so he can be the son of heaven. Although Ji Sun Xingfu did not recommend a virtuous person, he eliminated a wicked person for you. Compared with Shun's merits, there is also a lot. It's one-twentieth. If you don't seek meritorious service, but seek no faults, you can be exempted from punishment!" What needs to be explained is that in ancient Chinese legends, there are "five emperors", namely the Yellow Emperor (Xuanyuan clan), Zhuanxu (Gaoyang clan, grandson of the Yellow Emperor, son of Changyi), Di Ku (Gaoxin clan, great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor) , Yao (Fang Xun's family, son of Ku), Shun (named Chonghua, descendant of Zhuanxu).Among them, although Emperor Ku is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, he is not the son of Zhuanxu, but the grandson of Xuanxiao, another son of the Yellow Emperor.Therefore, the five emperors are not inherited from father to son, but from the common ancestor of the Yellow Emperor.According to this record, the so-called eight Kai, eight yuan and four evils are also descendants of the Yellow Emperor.But people of later generations are basically skeptical about the legend of the eight Kais, the eight yuan and the four evils.And Big Shike talked about such a great deal, and the foothold was just the last paragraph. He compared Jisun Xingfu with Shun, and made Lu Xuangong dumbfounded. How dare he say anything about Jisun Xingfu's self-assertion No word.