Chapter 26 5. Capture the east gate of Liangzhou

In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), that is, the fourth year after the Battle of Chibi, in October of the lunar calendar of this year, Cao Cao defeated the Guanzhong Allied Forces led by Ma Chao and Han Sui on the south bank of the Weihe River, and then entered Chang'an.Cao Cao didn't plan to withdraw his troops for the time being. He wanted to pacify Guanzhong and even Liangzhou.Although this is a very difficult task, it is undoubtedly the best opportunity at present. Ma Chao and Han Sui fled to Liangzhou. Some of the other generals who participated in the rebellion were killed, and some found a place to hide temporarily.Among them, Yang Qiu led the remnants to flee to Anding County, which is the easternmost county of the Liangzhou Governor's Department. It is roughly equivalent to most of Ningxia and a small part of Longdong today. It is located in Linjing County, near the present Gansu Zhenyuan.

Nowadays, there are generally two roads to choose from from Guanzhong to Ningxia. One is to go through northern Shaanxi, turn west after reaching Yan’an, and enter Ningxia through Ansai, Dingbian, etc.; the other is to go through Qianxian County and Binxian County in Shaanxi Go west, enter Longdong, cross Pingliang to Guyuan, and then cross the Yellow River from Qingtongxia. For a period of time, because of work, I often took these two roads, and most of the time I took the latter road. After entering Longdong, Dunjue Mountain was densely forested, especially the Kongtong Mountain in Pingliang. Immortal Wind.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, this area was still a relatively sparsely populated place, and the traffic conditions were not very good, but it was on the side of the main road from Guanzhong to Liangzhou. Address this flank threat. Cao Cao hardly stayed in Chang'an, and immediately led his troops to conquer Yang Qiu in Anding County, and surrounded Yang Qiu in Linjing, the seat of Anding County. Yang Qiu's origin is unknown, he may be a local powerful faction who took advantage of the chaos, and was recruited by the imperial court controlled by Liangzhou warlords in the chaotic situation in his early years.Yang Qiu knew that he was no match for Cao Cao, so he surrendered.Cao Cao retained Yang Qiu's official position and let him continue to lead his troops to stay in Anding County.

Cao Cao is very unique in seeing people. He can see that Yang Qiu is fundamentally different from Ma Chao and Han Sui, and he can be drawn over for his own use, so he boldly decides to let Yang Qiu stay where he is and work for him.It really didn't make Cao Cao wrong, Yang Qiu has been loyal to Cao Wei ever since.After Cao Pi succeeded to the throne, he appointed Yang Qiu as the champion general. Yang Qiu later cooperated with Zhang and Guo Huai in the town of Fuliangzhou (Liangzhou had been renamed Yongzhou at that time), and made a lot of contributions. General, granted the title of Marquis of Linjing, became the one with the best ending among the generals in Guanzhong who participated in the Battle of Tongguan.

There are three counties in the east of the Liangzhou Governor's Department, namely Anding County, Hanyang County and Wudu County. They are arranged side by side from north to south and are the gateway to the east of Liangzhou.The governor of Liangzhou at this time was Wei Kang. He was the son of Wei Duan, the former Liangzhou shepherd. He had served as the governor of Liangzhou for many years. In name only, the scope of control is limited to Hanyang County. Although Wei Kang was not appointed by Cao Cao, he was not in the same group as Ma Chao, Han Sui and others, and he was politically inclined to the imperial court.After Cao Cao pacified Anding County, Wei Kang officially accepted Cao Cao's dispatch as the governor of Liangzhou.

In this way, the east gate of the Liangzhou Governor's Department was opened.Cao Cao rested for a while in Anding County, preparing to immediately march into the hinterland of Liangzhou where Ma Chao and Han Sui retreated, that is, Jincheng (now Lanzhou, Gansu).But at this moment, Cao Cao received urgent information that there was a problem in Ye County and someone launched a rebellion. Cao Cao was taken aback and ordered to withdraw his troops. It was later learned that a civil uprising led by Tian Yin and Su Bo broke out in the Hejian Kingdom near Ye County. , Ji Fan).Cao Pi wanted to go out in person, but was persuaded by Chang Lin, the director of personnel in Cao Pi's five-official Zhonglang's mansion (five-official general Gongcao), to give up his idea, and reassigned Jia Xin to lead the army to conquer.

Judging from the biographies of Chang Lin, Guoyuan, Cheng Yu and others in "Three Kingdoms", this vigorous peasant uprising was quickly put out. He only had two opportunities to play, except this time, and in the eighth year of Jian'an (203), he was assigned by Cao Cao to garrison Liyang to monitor the Yuan brothers.These circumstances show that the scale of this popular uprising is very limited. However, after checking the "Three Kingdoms Cao Ren Biography", it was found that the scale of the uprising should be very large. Cao Cao had to transfer a considerable number of troops from the Western Expeditionary Army to participate in the counter-insurgency. Cao Ren, one of the main generals of the Western Expeditionary Army, was appointed as the commander-in-chief.

This should be a peasant uprising that has been downplayed by history books. It at least shows that the situation in the "Cao Tong District" is still unstable.Due to successive years of wars, the people in the "Cao Tong District" have borne a huge economic burden. Although Cao Cao has many administrative talents like Du Ji, they cannot calm the dissatisfaction of the people. This also made Cao Cao temporarily give up his plan to pacify the entire Liangzhou in one fell swoop. When Cao Cao decided to evacuate from Anding County, a person heard the news and asked Cao Cao to see him, advising him not to withdraw troops hastily.

This man's name is Yang Fu, whose name is Yishan, and he is from Jixian County, Hanyang County, Liangzhou Governor's Department. When Wei Duan was the shepherd of Liangzhou, Yang Fu worked under Wei Duan (in Liangzhou).On the eve of the Battle of Guandu, Wei Duan was not sure which side he should take, so he sent Yang Fu to Xu County to observe the situation. Yang Fu was appointed by the court as the Secretary-General of the Anding County Government (Anding Changshi). After Yang Fu came back, everyone asked Yuan Shao and Cao Cao who would win and who lost. Yang Fu tried his best to speak for Cao Cao. Let everyone do their best, and they will be able to help great things).Although Wei Duan did not openly side with Cao Cao in the Battle of Guandu, he did not fall to Yuan Shao, and was basically in a neutral state, in which Yang Fu made contributions.

Yang Fu didn't like being the secretary-general of the county government, so he resigned (the long history was not good, so he resigned).Later, Wei Duan was recruited by the imperial court as Minister of Communications (Private Servant), his son Wei Kang became Governor of Liangzhou, and Wei Kang appointed Yang Fu as Deputy Governor of the state government (don't drive).Cao Cao had also heard about Yang Fu, and wanted to enlist him to serve in the Prime Minister's Mansion, but Wei Kang requested Yang Fu to stay in Liangzhou. Wei Kang's Liangzhou Governor's Mansion should be in Jixian County, Hanyang County (now west of Tianshui, Gansu Province), and Yang Fu is from this county.Yang Fu happened to be ordered by Wei Kang to visit Cao Cao in Anding County. When he heard that Cao Cao was about to withdraw his troops, he hurried to see him.

Yang Fu said to Cao Cao: "Ma Chao has the courage of Han Xin and Ying Bu, and he has the hearts of Qiang and Hu. The western states and counties are afraid of him. If the army withdraws without careful preparation, the counties on Longshang may fall into his hands." Cao Cao I think what Yang Fu said is reasonable, but the rear is also very urgent, and he is not allowed to stay here too much (Taizu is good at it, but the army is still in a hurry, so it is not well prepared). In this way, Cao Cao returned to Chang'an from Anding County in December of the 16th year of Jian'an (211), and most of the Guanzhong area was already under the control of Cao Jun at this time.Cao Cao left Xia Houyuan in charge of military affairs in Guanzhong, and at the same time appointed Zhang Ji as Jing Zhaoyin.This position is equivalent to the mayor of Chang'an Special City, the county prefect level, and handles the local government affairs in Chang'an. Zhang had served as a magistrate in the Guanzhong area, and was Zhong Yao's right-hand man. He handled the matter of transferring Ma Teng to Beijing to serve as a Weiwei. After making these arrangements, Cao Cao immediately returned from Chang'an, and returned to Ye County in the first month of the following year. Under the suppression of Cao Ren, Jia Xin and other ministries, the uprising of Tian Yin and Su Bo has been extinguished.As soon as Cao Cao returned to Ye County, he listened to reports from Cao Pi, Cao Ren, Cheng Yu and others.Cao Cao heard that in addition to those who were killed on the battlefield, many people were arrested and waited to be dealt with. Cao Cao asked everyone's opinions.Zheng Xuan's student, Guo Yuan, who was the Secretary-General of the Jizhou Government (Chang Shi) at this time, suggested that the chief culprit should be punished, and the others should be lenient (Yuan thinks it is not the chief culprit, please do not execute).Cao Cao accepted the suggestion.According to history, more than a thousand people survived because of Guoyuan's words. Every time after a war, all localities and departments have to report the results of the battle. In the past, there were often false reports and over-reports.Cao Cao asked the relevant departments to check and found that the number reported by Guoyuan was the most authentic. Cao Cao asked Guoyuan what he thought, and Guoyuan replied: "The conquest of the enemy falsely reports the military exploits, just to exaggerate their own achievements. In the jurisdiction of Jizhou, although Tian Yin and other rebels were wiped out, as a local official, I am deeply ashamed (Ke Jie has made meritorious service, and Yuan Zi is ashamed of him)." Cao Cao liked honest people the most. He was very happy to hear Guoyuan's words, and later promoted him to be the prefect of Wei County. According to the "Book of Wei", when Jia Xin and others attacked Tian Yin and Su Bo, more than a thousand people in the rebel army begged to surrender.Cao Pi asked everyone to discuss, and everyone believed that the system should be followed, that is, surrender before the siege is acceptable, and once the siege even surrenders, they must be executed.Cheng Yu disagreed. He said: "The surrender happened when the world was in turmoil. The unforgivable surrender after the siege was used to demonstrate to the world. Now it is a peaceful time (today is a little determined), and it happened in my own jurisdiction. In the face of the thieves who are bound to surrender, killing them cannot establish their prestige, which is already different from the previous intention of punishing surrenders (not the intention of punishing surrenders the day before yesterday). Therefore, I think that they cannot be punished, and even if they are to be punished, they should be reported to the prime minister first. " But other people said: "The five sense organs will have the exclusive power to make decisions on the spot, and they don't need to ask for instructions, they can be killed (the military has specialties, no invitations)." Cheng Yu didn't say anything. Cao Pi got up and specifically asked Cheng Yu if he had any other opinions.Cheng Yu said: "The so-called impromptu arbitrariness is used when there is a temporary urgency, and it is too late to ask for instructions when something happens in an instant. Control will not change overnight. So I don’t want the general to handle matters on a temporary basis.” Cao Pi said: “The general is very thoughtful.” After Cao Cao came back, Cao Pi specially reported this incident. Cao Cao was very happy when he heard about it, and said to Cheng Yu: "You are not only good at military strategy, but also very good at handling the relationship between our father and son (you are also good at dealing with the relationship between father and son). )."