Chapter 69 The Fifth Tubo Tribes

Brief history: Since Zanpu, the last generation of the Tubo Dynasty, was assassinated in the second year of Huichang in Tang Dynasty, the division of various tribes in Tubo has become an unstoppable trend.In fact, some scholars once believed that the division since the late Tang Dynasty was worldwide.Almost all unified countries at that time were disintegrating at the same time.The Tubo people also "followed" this world trend and split into various forces such as the Lhasa, Ali, Ladakh, Yaze, and Yalongjue kings.Except for the Lhasa royal family, the rest of the kings are actually descendants of Osong, the posthumous son of the last Zanpu.Among the tribes of Tubo, the most dazzling one is the Qingtang Tubo of Yalong Jue'a king lineage.The first leader of Tubo in the Qingtang Dynasty, Zong Siluo (meaning "son of Buddha"), was supported by some powerful leaders—the Tubo people had a kind of worship for people of noble blood that other nations could not understand, which also It is why after the split of Tubo.The reason why the kings of the tribes are still the descendants of the last Zanpu.Qingtang Tubo has pursued a pro-Song policy since Zunsiluo, and the reason is not difficult to understand—during Zhesiluo’s reign, he was facing the threat of expansion from Li Yuanhao, the most outstanding military leader in Xixia, Qingtang Tubo and Dangxiang were feuds , the two sides continued to fight. From the perspective of political reality, Qingtang and Tubo must implement a pro-Song policy.On the other hand, as early as when Zong Siluo was still the puppet of "subordinate" Li Lizun, Bianjing once refused to canonize his ambitious subordinate as "Zanpu"-this support was for Zong Siluo at that time. It is very important.Because the canonization of the Central Plains Dynasty is the source of legal principles in Tubo.

When Zong Siluo passed away in the second year of Zhiping, Dong Zhan, who succeeded him, inherited his father's pro-Song policy.And his two elder brothers—the two sons born to his father and Li Lizun's two daughters—Xia Zhan and Mo Zhanjiao, escaped from Qingtang as early as Li Lizun's death.Xia Muzheng (Mar Jian), the son of blind felt, later became an enemy of the Song Dynasty, and was finally captured by the famous Xining general Wang Shao.However, after the Song army regained the Xihe area occupied by the Xiamu Zheng, Dong Zhan may have felt cold, but the relationship between Qingtang and Song Dynasty became tense, and a series of military conflicts occurred between the two sides.In order to contain the Song Dynasty, Dong felt not only married with Xixia, but also made friends with Liao, but these conflicts did not last long, and Dong felt quickly compromised and repaired the relationship with the Song Dynasty.

The various ministries of Tubo were actually a highly local autonomous regime nominally subordinate to the Song Dynasty, not an independent country.For example, Dong Zhan's highest official position was Jiedushi of the Xiping Army and King of Wuwei County, which was obviously inferior to the title of the king of Koryo, who was a subject of the country, "Quanzhi King's Affairs of Koryo". The Tubo tribes lived scattered in the Tubo headquarters and the Helong area.Mostly plateau land.It borders Huangtou Huihe in the northwest, Xixia in the northeast, Song Dynasty in the east, Dali in the southeast, and Tianzhu in the south.

Qingtang City (now Xining, Qinghai). Zongge City (Qinghai Ping An), Miaochuan City (Ledu). Mainly animal husbandry, there is also a certain scale of agriculture.Before Xining, because Western Xia occupied the Hexi Corridor and the Silk Road was cut off, merchants traveling between east and west often took the old route of Qingtang, and Qingtang City became a commercial center. It is in the "post-promotion period" of Buddhism.An important reason for the disintegration of the Tubo Dynasty was the long-term struggle between Buddhism and Ben religion. However, when Tubo split, the two sects began to merge and developed a unique Tibetan Buddhism.

(Cross Volume II End)