Chapter 47 postscript

creative talk It is my bloody work, and many chapters are completed under the passion that can't stop the tears. Like the sunrise on Mount Tai, Confucius was born in China, which is the pride of the Chinese nation. Confucius was the person I admired the most since I was a child.When I was young, my father, who studied history, said to me: "Confucius is the most perfect and most remarkable person among Chinese people, and he is also the person who has made the greatest contribution to Chinese culture." In school, the teacher also said to us: "Confucius is the teacher of all ages." These words caught my attention to Confucius.

I have written about Confucius many times. The first time I wrote "Book of Changes and Chinese Medicine", I focused on the impact of Confucius on Chinese philosophy, Yi studies, and Confucianism.The second time was when I wrote the thought volume, character volume, and Yi Xue volume of "China's Five Thousand Years of Cultural Classics", and further deepened Confucius' influence and contribution to Chinese thought and culture.When I was writing the top ten works, I discussed it again, and made further research on Confucius from the remarks of Confucius and his disciples. The famous sayings in it strongly shocked me.The third time was to write a long historical novel, and deepened the words and deeds, life, thoughts and sentiments of Confucius and the relationship with his disciples.Therefore, through writing about Confucius three times, it can be said that I have done all-round research on Confucius, from the whole to the part, and from the part to the whole. Base.

During the "Cultural Revolution", Confucius was beaten as "the second child of Confucius".The Red Guards are clamoring to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius every day. This is really a blasphemy against Chinese culture and a trampling on the great men of China. This is really the tragedy of the Chinese nation... At that time, I was on the eve of graduating from university. At that time, I firmly believed that Confucius would not be obliterated, because a great man who has passed the test of 2,500 years, a man who has been tested for thousands of years, has never been seen before, from the emperor to the common people. People who accept all aspects will not be easily forgotten, especially such a time-tested idea should not be thrown away casually, and it is impossible to throw it away.In fact, Confucian thought has penetrated into the blood of Chinese people for thousands of years, so it is inseparable and indelible.

In the process of writing, I feel more and more the greatness of Confucius, and realize more and more that if each of us learns Confucius, even if we only learn a little bit of Confucius, then the world will be more beautiful. This is what I wrote thought motivation. The historical period from 770 BC when King Zhou Ping moved to Luoyi to 477 BC when King Zhou Jing died belonged to the Spring and Autumn Period, which was equivalent to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. After King Ping of Zhou moved to the east, the national power plummeted, and the whole country was in a divided state in which the Zhou royal family declined and the princes rose to dominate.After that, the Spring and Autumn camp with the ten most powerful states including Jin, Chu, Qi, Qin, Zheng, Song, Lu, Wei, Cao, and Zhu gradually formed.

At this time, the ministers and officials of many countries were relatively powerful, and gradually formed a state of ministers and usurpers. The state of Lu was a typical minister and usurper.The State of Lu is a state of vassals with the surname of Ji. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the feudal vassals were enfeoffed by Duke Zhou, with Qufu as their capital.His eldest son, Boqin, was the head king. During the reigns of Lu Yingong and Lu Huangong, he became a powerful country in the Spring and Autumn Period that preserved the ritual and music culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, during the time of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the state of Lu gradually formed a situation of ministers and usurpers.

The three younger brothers of Duke Zhuang of Lu (the sons of Duke Huan of Lu): the descendants of Jiyou, Shuya and Qingfu are called Jisun, Shusun and Mengsun. In order to change the situation where the San Clan controlled the royal power, he once fought back, but failed and was expelled and died in a foreign country. Afterwards, the retainers of the San Clan rose up to control the state power again. For example, Yang Hu, the retainer of the Ji Sun Clan, took control of the state power. At the time of Duke Ding of Lu, Yang Hu rebelled and fled, and the Sanhuan clan regained power.From the time of Duke Ai of Lu, the State of Lu has always been caught in the struggle between the Sanhuan family and the Lord of Lu repeatedly fighting for power and profit, and its national power has gradually weakened. In 249 BC, when Duke Yi was in power, the State of Lu was finally destroyed by King Kaolie of Chu.Thirty-three generations of the Lu Kingdom, a total of more than 800 years.

Confucius was in the period from Lu Xianggong to Lu Zhaogong, Lu Dinggong, and Lu Aigong, when the power of the princes fell, the Sanhuan family usurped the monarchy, and even the retainer Yanghu took control of the state power. The Chinese nation has been a nation with traditional virtues since ancient times, from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Yao, Shun and Yu to Tang Wu Yi Yin, King Wen of Zhou, Duke Zhou...they all have immortal virtues through the ages. This book reproduces the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese virtues through the great sentiments of Confucius and his disciples.In particular, through the human nature of Confucius and his disciples in difficult and difficult situations, the tragedy of the course of traditional Chinese virtues is reproduced.

Confucius is a great thinker, educator and statesman in China, as well as a person with the most perfect personality. His influence on China's ideology and culture can be said to be unprecedented. (1) The main achievements of Confucius are manifested in his ten great First, Confucius created the brilliance of governing the country with benevolence and propriety. Confucius proposed to govern with virtue, and Confucius believed that benevolence and propriety are the foundation of governing a country, with propriety as the form and benevolence as the content.The purpose of benevolence is to love others, so Confucius emphasized benevolence on the premise of serving the country with benevolence.This is consistent with the contemporary rule of virtue.And 2,500 years ago, Confucius emphasized moral government, and proposed to govern with virtue, which shows the brilliance of Confucian thought.

Second, Confucius created the greatness of teaching without discrimination. Confucius proposed that there should be no discrimination in teaching, which broke the shackles of being educated only by ethnic groups, opened a precedent for civilian education, and made a great contribution to the improvement of the quality of the Chinese nation. It is consistent with today's education for all, and we can see the greatness of Confucius . Third, Confucius pioneered a new political system. Confucius put forward the idea of ​​"elevating the virtuous and talented", and Zixia developed into "a person who excels in learning will be an official", thus breaking the hereditary official system of the aristocracy and setting a precedent for the whole people to promote virtuous officials.Undoubtedly, this pioneering work of Confucius is advanced and is consistent with the contemporary selection and competition for human administration.

Fourth, Confucius advocated the advancement that keeps pace with the times. Confucius has always advocated following the times, advocating "walking with the times" and "advancing and retreating with the times", and compiled them.Consistent with today's "advancing with the times", it is amazing that Confucius 2,500 years ago coincides with contemporary thinking, which shows the advancement of Confucius. Fifth, Confucius shaped the greatness of the human nature and sentiment of the Chinese nation. Confucius put forward benevolence, propriety, righteousness, loyalty, and filial piety, which established the basic morality of human society.Confucianism has a strong sense of nationality, so it can be accepted by the general public.Any thought that does not represent the interests of the general public cannot stand the test of history, which shows the immortality of Confucian ethics.

Sixth, Confucius' great contribution to Chinese culture. Confucius sorted out ancient Chinese documents, ordered rites and music, sorted out poems and books, and compiled them, which played a huge role in the inheritance and development of Chinese culture and the splendid civilization of China for five thousand years. In short, Confucius is the forerunner of Chinese pedagogy and the forerunner of Chinese culture transmission. Confucius is worthy of being the father of Chinese culture. Seventh, Confucius is the founder of the Chinese ideological system. Confucius' concept of benevolence and propriety determined the main structure of the ancient Chinese ideological system. The four great theories of Yi Xue, Confucianism, Confucianism, and Confucianism created by Confucius have become the backbone of Chinese culture for thousands of years and have played an important role in the development of Chinese ideology and culture. Huge effect. Eighth, Confucius is the disseminator of Chinese culture. At the age of fifty-five, Confucius began to lead his disciples to travel around the world, creating a great exchange of Chinese culture and playing a huge role in the development of Central Plains culture.Later, with the spread of Confucianism overseas, it promoted the spread of Chinese culture around the world.