Chapter 53 In the fifth quarter, 81 academicians were released

The team of the Institute of History and Philology and the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum moved back to Nanjing from Lizhuang. Fu Sinian was full of excitement and joy, and hosted a banquet in the lecture hall of the Academia Sinica Building.In order to make the banquet prosperous and lively, and also to give old friends and new friends who have been displaced for nine years a joyous gathering and an opportunity to talk, Hu Shi was specially invited from Beiping to Beijing to participate in this historically commemorative feast. . Zhang Bingquan, a researcher of the Institute of History and Philology who attended the banquet, still remembered the scene of Hu Shi's first arrival many years later. He saw this radiant scholarly leader stepping into the hall and shaking hands with everyone. He seemed to be very polite to the newcomers. .He talked and laughed happily with some family members and children, which was kind and touching.Fu Sinian on the sidelines called Hu "aunt, a person from her mother's family" in Shi Yu.After a while, he shouted loudly in front of everyone: "People say that I am Mr. Hu's thug, no, I am Mr. Hu's fighter." This remark caused everyone to burst into laughter.The host and guest in the hall are happy, like in the spring breeze.

During the banquet, the most memorable thing was Fu Sinian’s recollection of the previous relocations of the Institute of History and Language in his speech. When talking about the arduous life of homelessness and hardship during the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, Fu was moved. Weeping, the people present were infected by his emotions and burst into tears.In the end, Fu Sinian held up his wine glass, lifted his spirits, and said something with passion and confidence, "Congratulations to everyone who is lucky to return... From now on, we can work with peace of mind. The eight years of exile of the Institute of History and Philology have come to an end. Moved I will never move after I come back" and other words filled with warmth and anticipation, and everyone's mood gradually changed from sadness to joy.At this time, no one thought that only two years later, the staff of the Institute of History and Philology would leave the temple in a hurry and embark on the road of exile again.Since June 1946, the U.S. Armed Forces has mobilized 1.5 million Kuomintang regular troops to the area north of the Yangtze River with the assistance of warships and aircraft, of which 540,000 elite troops were directly transported by the U.S. using sea and air forces.Chiang Kai-shek believed that the time had come to annihilate the communist army in one fell swoop. On June 22, he secretly ordered Liu Zhi to command the Kuomintang troops deployed in the Central Plains to gather at the planned attack locations. On the 26th, a large-scale attack on the Central Plains Liberated Areas began.The CCP army rose up to fight back, and the bloody and fiery civil war kicked off on the devastated land of China.

On November 27 of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek convened the "National Congress" in Nanjing and delivered a speech, saying: "The purpose of amending the Constitution this time is to attack the Communist Party." My words will have a future, otherwise it will be over." As soon as the words fell, everyone was horrified, and Jiang's sentence "it's over" turned out to be a prophecy. In June 1947, at the cost of losing more than 300,000 troops, the CCP army wiped out 1.12 million Kuomintang regular and miscellaneous troops.The Communist Party's troops shifted from a strategic defense to a nationwide large-scale strategic offensive.From December 25th to 28th of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Yangjiagou Village, Mizhi County, northern Shaanxi. Mao Zedong pointed out in the report: The main force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army has already entered the area ruled by the Kuomintang, marking the Chinese People's Revolutionary War. A turning point has been reached that puts it on the path to victory.At the same time, he emphasized: "This is a turning point in history. This is the turning point when Chiang Kai-shek's 20-year counter-revolutionary rule went from development to elimination. This is a turning point from the development to elimination of imperialist rule in China over the past 100 years." This time The meeting fully prepared politically, ideologically, and strategically for the CCP to win national victory under the new situation.Just when the whole of China was bombarded with gunfire, flesh and blood were flying everywhere, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were killing each other in a dark, dark time, and they couldn't tell the difference between cattle and horses.The first academician selection meeting of the Academia Sinica, which had little to do with murder and beheading, was held again in chaos-ridden Nanjing.In the face of this action, the academic circles have different opinions and different opinions. On June 20, 1947, Fu Sinian said in a letter to Hu Shi: "It is said that the world is in chaos, and academicians must be elected. Last year, I said that there are many problems in this matter. If it is not handled properly, the Academia Sinica will be brought down. Everyone does not agree. Listen, today I have to try my best to make him fair, decent, and not too concentrated, so as not to be a disaster.” Regarding the election of academicians of the Academia Sinica, as early as the early days of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, high-level academics began to contemplate and take action. The outbreak forced the action to be delayed.According to physicist Wu Dayou: "In 1947, the council organized the election of academicians. First, universities, colleges, specialized societies, research institutions, and people with high reputation in the academic circle nominated candidates for different subjects. There were about 400 candidates. 1947 One hundred and fifty candidates will be reviewed and approved by the Council in 2019." The figures Wu said were slightly different from the facts, but the general pattern was not bad.With the development of the domestic political and military situation, the preparations were delayed for another year in the ups and downs. At the beginning of 1948, the councilors of the Academia Sinica once again proposed that no matter how the war situation develops, the 20th anniversary of the Academia Sinica must be celebrated. On this occasion, the last round of elections will be held, and the first academicians will be selected to win status and honor for science and democracy, and to open a bright road for future generations that is related to the destiny of the country and the nation.

According to the original plan, the academician election is divided into three groups: mathematics, biology, and humanities.Zhu Jiahua, Acting President of the Academia Sinica, is in charge, and Director-General Sa Bendong is in charge of the Mathematics and Biology Group; Hu Shi, Fu Sinian, Li Ji, Tao Menghe and others are in charge of the Humanities Group and propose a list of candidates.Finally, the reviewers of the Academia Sinica Council put forward their opinions and vote for them. Before the first round of official elections, Hu Shi, the main decision-maker of the Humanities Group, issued the "Proposed Nomination Form for the Humanities" Section of the "Humanities Group" for the First Academician Election of the Academia Sinica on May 22, 1947" as follows:

Philosophy: Wu Jingheng (Zhihui), Tang Yongtong, Jin Yuelin. Chinese literature: Shen Jianshi, Yang Shuda, Fu Zengxiang. Historiography: Zhang Yuanji, Chen Yuan, Chen Yinke, Fu Sinian. Linguistics: Zhao Yuanren, Li Fanggui, Luo Changpei. Archeology and Art History: Dong Zuobin, Guo Moruo, Li Ji, Liang Sicheng. Human Geography Ethnology} Can't think of a name. On the evening of June 19, 1947, Fu Sinian wrote a letter to Peking University President Hu Shi in Nanjing, saying: "For more than a month, I have been sick, busy with work, not in a good mood, etc. I haven't written a letter, and I have been looking north to read it. Fifteen The No. 29 ship squeezed out (I didn't change it), and now I have bought the No. 29 Gordon ticket, it must be done."

Fu's letter said that he wanted to go to the United States for medical treatment.After several years of fighting and winning against the Kong Song Group, Fu Sinian was physically and mentally exhausted, his heart was overwhelmed, and he was unable to persist in his work.At the same time, in order to avoid the bloody revenge that the Kong Song Group might lose its mind and hire murderers to kill people, under the persuasion of friends, Fu Sinian decided to abandon all affairs and take his family to the United States for medical treatment and recuperation.On the second day after writing this letter, that is, on June 20, Fu Sinian sent another letter to Hu Shi concerning the selection of academicians, and revealed the list of his recommendations. I have made an external (external) list (it does not have to be listed, I will try my best, and I can’t arrange it all), thinking of people in the south, there are very few, so I will send you the list I wrote that day, but please keep it a secret.” List. as follows:

Those involved in the humanities group: (1) The equal numbers of humanities and social sciences are not fair, because the former is more developed than the latter in China.The standard of Meng Heyuan's order is very low, and the reduction is like a quotation.In my opinion, there must be 20 people in the field of humanities, and the distribution is as follows: Chinese Literature IV; Historiography VI; Archeology and Art History IV; Chinese Language III; Philosophy III. Personally, I think the above list can be allocated as follows: Chinese Literature: (1) Wu. (2) Hu, the above-mentioned person who is related to the literary atmosphere. (3) Yang Shuda, confirmed by classics. (4) Zhang Yuanji, the ancient editions have been handed down, but it is not possible to speak in general terms, and he only talks about the vernacular of Bai Nai, so the collation notes have not been published.

Historiography: (1) Chen; (2) Chen; (3) Fu; (4) Gu Jiegang; (5) Jiang Tingfu, there is no second person in modern history; (6) Yu Jiaxi or Liu Yizheng.Liu is not as good as Yu, but the South is still indispensable. Archeology and art history: (1) Li Ji; (2) Dong Zuobin; (3) Guo Moruo; (4) Liang Sicheng. Philosophy: Tang, Feng, Jin. Language: Zhao, Li, Luo. The names of the candidates in the "Humanities" list listed by Fu Sinian are: Chinese Literature: Wu Zhihui, Hu Shi, Yang Shuda, Zhang Yuanji. Historiography: Chen Yinke, Chen Yuan, Fu Sinian, Gu Jiegang, Jiang Yanfu, Yu Jiaxi or Liu Yizheng.

Archeology and art history: Li Ji, Dong Zuobin, Guo Moruo, Liang Sicheng. Philosophy: Tang Yongtong, Feng Youlan, Jin Yuelin. Language: Zhao Yuanren, Li Fanggui, Luo Changpei. The lists drawn up by Hu Shi and Fu are almost the same, or the heroes see the same idea, but the list drawn up by Hu Shi has 17 people without himself, while Fu Sinian has 21 people on the list, and he signed his own name without hesitation.From the perspective of drafting the list, it can also be seen that Hu and Fu have very different personalities and ways of dealing with the world.As far as Fu's character and way of dealing with people is concerned, he is by no means a pedantic nerd. The reason why he can dominate the academic world is that he is close to first-class big names such as Hu Shi and Zhu Jiahua, and cleverly borrows the talents they control. In addition to the influence of the few foundations in the country, he naturally has his own advantages.In the letter to Hu Shi this time, he exhorted extremely shrewdly and tactfully:

The above five persons, Chen Yinke, Li Ji, Zhao Yuanren, Dong Zuobin, and Fu Sinian, are employees of our firm. It seems that our firm is unwilling to (plan) to nominate them. How about asking Peking University to propose? (2) In other departments, our school has a small number of students (Tsinghua University has much more, the reason was on June 4th), but we must pay attention to it for the sake of justice. And beg Mr. to pay attention at that time. (3) Peking University should propose a list, and the name cannot be written only, but must be filled in according to the format, and the original copy of the work should be attached.

(4) Nominations should not be too few, nor too many.Peking University can be recommended by each college first, and finally the master will approve the post office. Obviously, in the minds of Fu and Hu, the Institute of History and Philology and Peking University have become one army, and will become a family.Such behind-the-scenes operations and transactions, although there are no indiscretions or obvious violations of regulations, but it can be seen that once the two become a brotherly family, how powerful they will be to control and threaten the academician election jury. ——This is the fundamental reason why Fu Sinian became Fu Sinian. On June 29, Fu Sinian, his wife Yu Dacai, and his son Fu Rengui took a boat from Shanghai to Boston Bileham Hospital for medical treatment.Four months later, he moved to New Haven, Connecticut, USA to recuperate.Before Fu left Nanjing for the United States, Dong Zuobin was also invited by the University of Chicago to give lectures in the United States.After some consideration, Fu Sinian did not hand over the affairs of the Institute of History and Philology to other older researchers in the Institute at that time, but let the young and promising Xia Nai act as the director.This decision was not only unexpected by everyone, but also reasonable. With Fu Sinian's shrewd and sophisticated ability to recognize people, this choice soon proved to be appropriate and wise.Xia Nai at this time is not the same as the scholar a few years ago.He left Lizhuang in February 1944, and led the Northwest Scientific Expedition Group with Xiang Da. The historical team arrived in Lanzhou in April to conduct investigations in the Hexi Corridor and around Dunhuang. In the depths of the desert is written the wooden slips of the Han Dynasty "Captain Yumen", thus finding extremely important physical evidence for determining the exact location of the Yumen Pass in the Han Dynasty that has been buried for two thousand years.A few years later, when Zheng Zhenduo, director of the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of Culture, talked about the scientific investigation in Northwest China, he said in admiring tone: "It's very strange. Many people searched for the old site of Yumen Pass many times and couldn't find it. Xia Nai found it as soon as he went. It's gone." There was admiration for Xia Nai in his words, and at the same time, Xia Nai's superior wisdom and scientific literacy could be seen. In the spring of 1946, during the archaeological excavation at Yangwa Bay, Ningding County, Gansu Province, Xia Nai discovered painted pottery fragments of the Yangshao Culture in the filling soil of the tomb, thus finding strong evidence in stratigraphy that the Yangshao Culture was earlier than the Qijia Culture , which corrected the Swedish scholar Andersson's previous erroneous conclusions on the cultural staging of the Neolithic Age in Gansu, and laid a solid foundation for establishing the correct chronological sequence of the Neolithic Age in the Yellow River Basin. ——This discovery and research results made the young Xia Nai famous, and was generally respected by colleagues and academic circles.When Fu Sinian and Dong Zuobin left Nanjing one after another, it was a natural thing for him to preside over the work of the Institute of History and Philology. In late September 1947, the Preparatory Committee for the Election of Academicians of the Academia Sinica issued a notice calling for reviewers from all over the country to attend a meeting in Nanjing for election. On the 25th, when Hu Shi, the president of Peking University, received the notice, he was still upset and worried about the aftermath of the student unrest.Previously, with the expansion of the civil war, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party continued to expand their troops, resulting in huge military expenditures, causing prices to run wild, and education funds to become the tail of a rabbit, making it difficult for teachers and students to maintain their daily lives.At the critical moment when people's hearts are about to be shaken, the CCP seized no opportunity to send personnel to lurk in colleges and universities, secretly instigating students to rebel. On May 4, a wave of students in Shanghai broke out, followed by echoes from colleges and universities across the country. On May 15, students from Tsinghua University and Peking University shouted slogans such as "anti-hunger, anti-civil war" and demonstrated against the government authorities.In view of the fact that boys who went out to promote and shout were slapped with rifle butts and pierced with bayonets by the military and police, and girls were slapped, pulled breasts, kicked beautiful buttocks and other group beatings and insults continued to occur. They added an "anti-persecution" slogan and content to the movement, and instructed some students from universities in Pingjin and other places to set up a "North China Students Anti-Hunger Anti-Civil War Union". On May 20th, at dawn when the moon was dark and the wind was high, the sports leader of Peking University took the name of throwing a cup, and together with tens of thousands of students from other schools, they walked out of the campus holding flags and marched and demonstrated in the streets and alleys.A large number of people, tricycle drivers and cooks cooking fire, plus groups of street vagabonds and unidentified people were very excited to see this and joined the parade one after another, making the scene even more magnificent.The on-and-off turmoil lasted for more than a month. The rumors spread across more than 60 cities across the country. Nearly a hundred colleges and universities and hundreds of thousands of students were involved. Many leaders of the student movement were arrested. Dozens of students at Peking University alone were accused of counter-revolutionary incitement and disrupting social order by the authorities, and were thrown into prison and served with tiger stools and chili soup... In view of this situation, Hu Shi, as the president of Peking University, naturally behaved like his predecessor Jiang Menglin. As mentioned, it is necessary to travel, mediate, and mediate among the authorities, schools, professors, and students, especially to persuade the authorities to release the arrested students and restore normal order in the school.But after several months of running around, working up and down, it took a lot of time.There are still a few students who are considered to be the backbone of the Communist Party and have not been released. The life of teachers and students has not improved, but has become worse and worse.According to Hu Shiri's records, before September 23, Hu's family was still in full swing to convene a meeting of Peking University colleagues to discuss how to deal with it, and about a hundred professors attended the meeting.Hu Shi was the chairman of the meeting, and everyone debated endlessly, accusing and even yelling, and it lasted for more than three hours without any result.Hu, who witnessed the scene, was extremely depressed and pessimistic, feeling resentful and resentful, thinking: "Such a principal is really not worth it! Everyone talks and thinks about eating! What Mr. Xiang Da said made me even more angry. He said: We are worried today. What we want is tomorrow's life, how can we have time to think about ten or twenty years' plans? After ten or twenty years, we will all be dead!" It was so noisy until October 12th, Hu Shi was about to fly south according to the request of the Academician Preparatory Committee of the Academia Sinica.The students got the news and thought that the principal must have ulterior motives when he left Pingping for Beijing at such an extraordinary moment.The wall newspaper in the school quickly appeared that Hu Shi Nanfei was a trick of a traitor, in order to divert Hu (tiger) away from the mountain, and the military and police took the opportunity to enter the school to arrest students on a large scale and other propaganda speeches.So, under the manipulation of several student movement leaders, hundreds of students rushed to the principal's house and surrounded the principal's residence, preventing them from flying south of the city.Hu Shi was anxious to explain his mission to fly south to the students, and swore that the authorities would not embarrass the students. After more than two hours, several professors from the school came to persuade the students after hearing the news. Hu Shifang Breaking through the siege, hurried to the airport to board the flight that is about to take off. On the same day, Hu Shi flew to Shanghai and transferred to Nanjing a few hours later. On the 13th, he came to the Academia Sinica to attend the meeting with Chen Yuan, the president of Fu Jen Catholic University in Peking.During the period, Hu introduced to Xia Nai, the acting director of the Institute of History and Philology, the tense scene of Beiping breaking through the siege and being able to fly south, and described the process of the arrest and bail of Peking University students. "Xia Nai's Diary" stated: "The two students who were not released on bail, their Communist Party membership certificates, one with a number of more than 100, and the other with a number of more than 300, both have been in the party for a long time and occupy an important position in the party. Bray's daughter and son-in-law were also arrested on the grounds of party affairs. I heard that both the major and lieutenant generals in the army joined the Communist Party as secret workers."On the second day, in order to welcome Hu, Chen and others, colleagues from the Institute of History and Philology hosted a tea party attended by all staff, presided over by Xia Nai.At the meeting, Xia Nai's witty and decent performance left a deep impression on Hu Shi. Hu Shi wrote in a complimenting tone in his diary that day: "There are many talents in the Institute of History and Philology. Meng Zhen is indeed a good teacher." On the morning of October 15th, the fourth meeting of the Academician Election Committee composed of reviewers began on the second floor of the Arctic Pavilion Building of Academia Sinica.Zhu Jiahua was the ex-officio chairman of the meeting, and Wu Daquan, a member of the party and state, represented Chiang Kai-shek, and Li Shizeng represented the Central Party Committee.Because the party and state officials who came here were mixed, they didn't know much about the agenda of the academician election, but they bickered over the issue of whether education should be independent and sending overseas students.Wang Yunwu first mentioned that China's higher education should be independent, and that fewer international students will be sent abroad in the future.Hu Shi delivered a speech on behalf of the councilors, agreeing with Wang's statement, and advocated amending the law on the selection of doctoral degrees, so that those who have achieved achievements in the university's research institutes for more than five years can be awarded degrees, instead of being gifted by the government in the same law.Regarding what Wang and Hu said, Weng Wenhao stood up and opposed, advocating that we should continue to send overseas students, but we must be strict.Li Shizeng stood up after him, saying that Wu Zhihui is prone to fatigue recently, so he will participate in the future, and asked him to pay his respects.Immediately afterwards, he introduced Wu's argument for sending foreign students, saying that foreign students can import flush toilets and improve latrines, which is already a great contribution. If it is said that excessive foreign exchange consumption is not economical, as long as there are benefits, economic considerations are also relative. For example, Every time a man and a woman have sex, millions of sperm are consumed, and only one sperm passes through five stages and finally becomes a human being. What is the economy like?After saying that, the audience roared with laughter.The morning meeting ended with politicians bickering and arguing with each other. In the afternoon of the same day, Weng Wenhao, the secretary of the review meeting, Sa Bendong, the director-general of the Academia Sinica, and the heads of each institute reported the work situation and discussed the examination methods for the list of academician candidates.Xia Nai submitted the list of "Recommended Academician Candidates" approved by the Institute of History and Philology held by him to the secretariat of the Council: Philosophy: Wu Jingheng, Tang Yongtong, Feng Youlan, Jin Yuelin. Historiography: Chen Yinke, Chen Yuan, Fu Sinian, Gu Jiegang, Jiang Yanfu, Yu Jiaxi, Liu Yizheng, Xu Zhongshu, Chen Shouyi.Chinese literature: Hu Shi, Zhang Yuanji, Yang Shuda, Shen Jianshi. Archeology and art history: Li Ji, Dong Zuobin, Guo Moruo, Liang Siyong (above archeology); Xu Hongbao, Liang Sicheng (above art history). Language: Zhao Yuanren, Li Fanggui, Luo Changpei, Wang Li. Ethnicity: After several discussions in the Ling Chunsheng Council, it was decided that candidates for academicians should not exceed twice the quota (88 to 100 people), and they will be reviewed in groups tomorrow morning. On the 16th, the meeting continued, and the review meeting was divided into three groups: mathematics and physics group, biology group, and humanities group, among which the humanities group was convened by Hu Shi.Because Xia Nai only has the title of associate researcher and is not an official reviewer, he cannot participate in the review.But Hu Shi cited the absence of Fu Sinian and Tao Menghe from the humanities group, leaving only Hu Shi, Li Ji, and Zhou Yusheng in the name of Hu Shi, and forced Xia Nai and Wu Baosan from the Institute of Social Sciences to attend. At the meeting, the members of the public conducted a preliminary qualification review of the candidates nominated by the recommending institution and the reviewers respectively. The content of the review mainly depends on whether the nominee worked in an academic or educational institution such as a pseudo-university in the Japanese-occupied area during the Anti-Japanese War.During the review, famous chemists Zhao Chenggu, Sa Bentie, and Rong Geng who attended the pseudo-Peking University were deleted.According to Xia Nai's records: 31 people were selected from the field of literature and history, and those who were indiscriminate among them went to the social sciences, especially the economics and legal departments. , He Lian, Fang Xianting, Yang Ximeng, Wu Baosan, Wu Daye).In terms of law, Wang Chonghui and Wang Shijie were proposed, and Yan Shutang, Guo Yunguan, and Li Haokou were reluctantly included in the future.The discussion ended at 12 o'clock.In the afternoon, a meeting was held for review, and several people joined the chemistry group (Sun Xuewu, Zhu Ruhua, Huang Ziqing, Ji Yujing).Gui Heting joined the physics group.Chen Zongyi and Hou □□ were deleted from biological science and agronomy.Mineralogy joined Chen Kehui.Medicine originally planned to join Li Zhuohao, but later failed because he never returned to China to work. On the morning of October 17, the council continued to review the list of candidates, and the first person to be reviewed was Guo Moruo.Some commentators believe that Guo is on the side of the Communist Party, and his crimes are far greater than that of Zhao, Sa, Rong and others. The former should not be kept, and the latter should be killed.Hu Shi came forward as a peacemaker and asked Zhu Jiahua, if Zhu was not the chairman of today's meeting, how would he treat it?Zhu Jiahua unequivocally stated that a certain Guo "participated in civil strife, and the crime of traitor, etc., seems inappropriate to be included."Sa Bendong rose up to make peace with him, saying: "It may stimulate the government and have an impact on future funding." Commentator Wu Zhengzhi chimed in and said: "I am afraid that he will make random remarks outside in the future as an academician." At this time Tao Menghe had already When he came to the meeting place, he fought back against the series of objections to the candidates: "If the government's will is the standard, it is better to ask the government to appoint you." Dow's general and meeting attendee Wu Baosan saw Tao and stood up to express his support for Tao. Said, said: "Party affiliation, influence and academic contribution should not be used." Seeing this, Hu Shi thought twice, and decided to echo Tao's opinion, saying that "academic standpoint should be the main point". In view of the disagreement between the two parties, it was finally decided to use a secret ballot to decide whether Guo should stay or get rid of.At this critical moment, Xia Nai believed that "this matter is quite important", so he stood up to defend Guo Moruo regardless of his status and rules as a non-voting participant who could not participate in the voting. On the same level as traitors, but the Central Research Institute is AcademiaSinica (Chinese Academy of Sciences). Apart from academic contributions, the only condition is that they are Chinese. If they are traitors, they cannot be considered Chinese at all. If they oppose the government, they are different from traitors and cannot be compared. There was China before the national government, (after the overthrow of the national government, there will still be China), this sentence does not need to be said, and it ends halfway. Therefore, you might as well be strict with traitors, and be lenient with those who have different political parties. "Xia Nai's bold statement was supported by some participants including Li Ji. Li Jijin said: "Guo is a multidisciplinary and talented scholar with high attainments in the fields of archaeology and paleography. Participating in field archaeological excavations does not belong to the Academia Sinica, but as a person outside the system, we should reserve a seat for him." After this, the attitude of the centrists changed, and in the final vote, Guo Moruo won 14 votes With a difference of 7 votes, it was decided to remain on the list of candidates.When the result was finalized, Hu Shi, Li Ji, Xia Nai and others all let out a long breath. Regarding the details of this election, Xia Nai gave a detailed report to Fu Sinian, who is far away in the United States, on October 20. In addition to the question of whether Guo Mor should stay or lose, the council is discussing who is eligible to be listed as an academician candidate on the list recommended by all parties. During the process, there were many opinions and opinions.For example, in the field of philosophy, Hu Shi recommended one more Chen Kang than the list he submitted, on the grounds that "Chen's Greek philosophy has profound attainments"; Zhou Yansheng believed that Li Jiannong "has made achievements in both Chinese economic history and modern political history." , so it is recommended; in addition, "someone suggested why Mr. Xiong Shili, Zhu Qifeng, and Mr. Xiang Dasan were not included. After Mr. Hu Shizhi's explanation, there is no objection."As for Wang Shumin, an assistant researcher at the Institute of History and Philology who is not a reviewer, after hearing that Liu Wendian was also recommended, he threatened outside the review meeting, saying that "Mr. , must not be recommended as a candidate", etc.After two days of intense discussions, the number of academician candidates was reduced from 402 initially listed to 150, namely: 49 in the mathematics and science group; 46 in the biology group; and 55 in the humanities group.The specific list will be announced at 7:00 pm on the 17th, and the primary election meeting will end here. According to the original plan, the last election of academicians was scheduled to be held in the spring of 1948. At that time, another 50 people had to be cut off, and only 100 people were elected.With this established number, the final competition becomes more intense and unusual.Different factions naturally want to fight for the system and those who are close to them.The judges who hold the power of life and death are inevitable on the field, and various people of all colors waited for small actions in the audience. For example, Tang Lan, a professor of the Chinese Department of Peking University, secretly asked Hu Shi to help him, but the result was nothing. Hou Hu and Tang turned against each other. Hu exposed the matter and mocked and satirized Tang.Dong Zuobin, who was giving lectures in the United States at the time, heard the news and sent a letter to Hu Shi from Chicago on February 2, 1948, specifically talking about his concern and attitude towards the election. Must attend. Regarding archeology, I hope you choose (Liang) Siyong or (Guo) Moruo. I would give up. Because Siyong is ill, you should give him some comfort; I entrust you." At this time, Dong Zuobin still had a deep affection for Guo Moruo, and for Guo Moruo's sake, he would give up his life and dare to lose the wind.I don’t know if the same letter was sent to Fu Sinian, but judging from the list recommended by Hu and Fu, Guo has always been in the top 150 in their recommendation list, and Liang Siyong is due to Xia Nai. The recommendation of the meeting has always been on the list of candidates and has the possibility of winning in the end. Fu Sinian, who was still recovering from illness in the United States, also paid close attention to the upcoming final competition.When he learned that a meeting would be held in mid-March this year to determine the winner, he sent an express letter to Zhu Jiahua, Weng Wenhao, Hu Shi, Sa Bendong, and Li Ji on March 9, and forwarded it to the committee members. vaguely expressed his opinion.The letter said: "Since Si Nian went abroad for medical treatment, I have received several documents about the election of academicians. The list of candidates, although Si Nian still has some opinions, is generally careful and fair. Thanks to Mr. Pei Zhu's hard work, so far The situation is not easy. Si Nian went abroad for medical treatment due to illness. Although he was in the committee, he failed to do his best. I am ashamed and grateful, and I am very happy that everything can go smoothly thanks to Mr. Zhu's hard work." After these polite remarks, Fu began to speak directly about the "opinions on the list of candidates", and the first person he talked about was Liu Wendian, known as the "National Treasure".Fu said: "Among the candidates, there are indeed those who should be deleted, such as Mr. Liu Wendian. Liu Jun's previous "San Yu Notes" is not a good work, but his contribution must not be on the same level as that of Yu, Hu, Tang, Zhang, and Yang (Southern Press : The five people listed should be Yu Jiaxi, Hu Shi, Tang Lan, Zhang Yuanji, and Yang Shuda). For any scholar, in terms of his contribution, his last work is the most important. Liu Junxiao is very conceited, but Wang Shuminjun, an assistant researcher at the Institute of Historical Linguistics, once After further inspection (Wang Jun also ruled this study), he found that there are endless mistakes. The study of collation is like this, and it cannot be used as a lesson. Liu Jun is included, and young students should think it is different. What's more, Liu Jun called himself "Eryun" in Kunming Layman' means cloud legs and cloud soil. He was once a guest of the chieftain, and the chieftain gave a large amount of tobacco and soil as a gift. After returning, he smoked it and sold it, so Tsinghua University and the United Nations General Assembly dismissed him. This is why everyone in Kunming at that time I know. Since Si Nian wrote this letter, he is of course legally responsible for it. Now that he is included in the list of candidates, if he is elected, isn’t it a joke? He has the same knowledge and behavior, so Si Nian dared to propose that he removed from the list." Fu Sinian and Wen Yiduo have their own political positions, and they are at odds with each other, but Wei Chengxiang is surprisingly consistent in their views on Liu Wendian's "guest of chieftain".It seems that what Liu Wendian, a rather conceited "National Treasure", did in the southwestern border area did annoy many people, and finally ended up being kicked out of the circle by Wen Yiduo.As for Liu Wendian's lack of knowledge, Fu Sinian heard his disciple Wang Shumin read it when he was in China, or it came directly from Xia Nai's letter to him. It is not known what Wang Shumin said outside the review meeting.And what is Liu Wendian's knowledge?Is it the "good opinion" that Wu Mi said, or the "infinite mistakes" examined by Wang Shumin?It is really an academic category that is open to discussion. Fu Sinian is so outspoken that it is easy to think of what Wu Mi said when he was in Southwest Associated University, when he talked about the status of Chen Yinke and Qian Zhongshu in the academic circle: "Today's outstanding talents in literature and history are among the older generation To push Mr. Chen Yinke, and to push Qian Zhongshu among the younger generation, they are all dragons among men, and the rest are just like you and me, but nothing!" This evaluation has its own subtleties, from which it can be seen that In Wu Mi's eyes, the famous Liu Wendian is not a so-called master or "national treasure", but an ordinary person like "Er Er".When Mrs. Wu said this, the arrogant Liu Wendian might not be convinced, and the others might still be in the dark and noncommittal. Now that Fu Sinian said so, Liu Wendian has really become a "er". . As far as Liu Wendian's personal fate is concerned, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was stranded in remote Kunming, Yunnan, and failed to return to the cultural and academic center of Peiping. Loss.Several big-name professors in the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University at that time had a bright light that lasted for a long time, and almost everyone who had read a book knew their names.However, Liu Wendian's brilliance quickly dimmed, and his contribution and reputation in literature were hardly known to the world except for a few professional researchers.If Liu Wendian, who is in such an unfortunate situation, wins the first academician selection, he may be able to recover from the situation, regroup, make new academic contributions and leave an immortal reputation.It's a pity that at this critical historical turning point, Fu Sinian, a hero who came out of Liangshan Mountain with great strength and might, took a blow to the head.If Liu Wendian really has "infinite errors" in learning as Fu Sinian or Fu's disciple Wang Shumin said, then "country" will not be "country", and Liu Wendian, a so-called "national treasure" that is priceless, will naturally become a A piece of counterfeit product, or a pile of scrap metal—maybe not as good. In any case, Liu Wendian, who was standing on the podium of Yunnan University, fell down suddenly after Fu Sinian, who was thousands of miles away, hit such a powerful stick, and his era was completely over.Things are impermanent, maybe everything is predestined.Alas, Liu Wendian!Fu Sinian, who lives abroad but has a strong ability to control the domestic academic circles, especially the election of the academician humanities group, is the second candidate to be dragged out of the candidate list to be the one-legged professor Pan Guangdan, dean of Tsinghua University.Fu bluntly said: "In sociology, there is Mr. Pan Guangdan. Mr. Pan is a smart man, but his conclusions on genealogy cannot be established. He used the name of the imperial examination to prove that Suzhou people are talented, but he said that It is not enough to achieve it. The career of the imperial examination has its own style, and it can be figured out. The main examiner and the candidate are each tuned. Ignoring this historical fact is what Pan Jun said. Therefore, Pan Jun’s work does not seem to be on the same level as Chen Dajun. Scholars can’t do it Newspaper writing determines its superiority. This study is not well developed in China. If it is the second best, then Mr. Sun Wenwen should be included. This gentleman's book is very understanding, and his effort is not comparable to two or three small essays, so he dares to propose Put it on the shortlist." The sociology developed by Pan Guangdan was not emphasized by Fu Sinian. This is naturally related to Pan's poor writing or biased views, but this does not seem to be the main problem, because Pan has a large number of other sociological studies besides studying genealogy. Works such as demography papers are published in the world, and this book does not mention it. Grasping one point and attacking the whole body is naturally unreasonable in terms of emotion and reason, let alone convincing.The reason why Fu Sinian dared to remove the academician hat that Pan Guangdan was about to wear because of one point, probably has more to do with his dislike of Pan's political orientation and ideological style.Fu has never regarded Pan Guangdan, or Wu Wenzao, Fei Xiaotong and other people who are close to Pan as comrades, the same kind or the same family. In the name of "our people", he tried his best to dissuade and threaten the Kuomintang and the Communist Party who are fighting, which caused Fu's greater dissatisfaction. This point can be seen from Fu Sinian's previous articles and letters, as well as this time. Can not be determined by the newspaper text", you can see it.Different political opinions naturally do not belong to a group of horses running on the road.按照“非我族类，其心必异”的处世哲学，潘光旦此次也只有被傅斯年踢出门槛之外靠边架着拐杖看热闹的份了。 1948年3月25日至27日，中央研究院代院长兼评议会议长朱家骅在南京主持召开了最后一轮院士选举会。经过人会者五轮无记名投票，原定要选出的100名院士，因许多名流大腕在投票中纷纷落马，导致69人票数未能过半，最后只有81人被通过。按既定规矩，凡通过者即正式成为国民政府中央研究院第一届院士。The list is as follows: 数理组（28人）姜立夫许宝騄陈省身华罗庚苏步青吴大猷吴有训李书华叶企孙赵忠尧严济慈饶毓泰吴宪吴学周庄长恭曾昭抡朱家骅李四光翁文灏黄汲清杨钟健谢家荣竺可桢周仁侯德榜茅以升凌鸿勋萨本栋生物组（25人）王家楫伍献文贝时章秉志陈桢童第周胡先驌殷宏章张景钺钱崇澍戴芳澜罗宗洛李宗恩袁眙瑾张孝骞陈克恢吴定良汪敬熙林可胜汤佩松冯德培蔡翘李先闻俞大绂邓叔群人文组（28人）吴敬恒金岳霖汤用彤冯友兰余嘉锡胡适张元济杨树达柳诒徵陈垣陈寅恪傅斯年顾颉刚李方桂赵元任李济梁思永郭沫若董作宾梁思成王世杰王宠惠周鲠生钱端升萧公权马寅初陈达陶孟和随着名单公布，折腾了几年的中国有史以来的首届院士选举尘埃落定。 由名单可以看出，史语所相当多的研究人员当选本届院士。其中专任研究员有傅斯年、陈寅恪、赵元任、李方桂、李济、梁思永、董作宾、吴定良。兼任研究员有冯友兰、汤用彤。通讯研究员有胡适、陈垣、梁思成、顾颉刚、翁文灏。整个人文组差不多有一半院士与史语所有关。后经夏鼐列表分析，本次当选院士，中央研究院有21人，北京大学10人，清华大学9人，技术机关6人，其他如中央大学、浙江大学、文化机关及行政长官各有4名，另外的机构、大学都在4名以下，如复旦大学仅童第周1人。中央研究院所占比例为26％。消息传出，反响不一，有的认为本次选举公平合理，有的则认为“遗珠甚多”，北大教授向达公开批评，谓：“本院的所长，大部分的专任研究员，几乎都是当然院士。”“令人有一种诸子出于王官之感。”胡适事后对院士籍贯分布专门列表分析，并在1948年9月24日的日记中写道：“此次院士八十一人，安徽只有我一人。”是否暗含着一丝同乡太少并为刘文典的出局惋惜之情？后人则难以考证猜测了。 当然，这个时候也有对此颇不在乎者，如经胡适、傅斯年、董作宾、李济、夏鼐等人竭力争取，并终于成为院士的郭沫若，因郭氏此时已受到中共方面的重用，并开始在政治文化界大出风头，对这个国民党政府赠与的学术头衔早已不屑一顾了。 1948年夏天，在美国的傅斯年突然提出回国，夫人俞大綵劝他再静养些时日，但傅执意欲归，且慷慨陈词：“国内要做的事太多，岂能偷闲而安居异国乎？”俞大綵不好阻拦，只把儿子傅仁轨留在美国一个亲友家中继续读书，夫妇二人回归祖国。抵达南京后，傅斯年重新执掌史语所所务，夏鼐的代理所长就此告一段落。 1948年6月9日，中央研究院在京人员搞了一个庆祝成立二十周年纪念活动。据参加活动的石璋如回忆：“上午开会，晚上就请吃饭，从总办事处到地质研究所前头的空旷处，桌子一路排开，放上酒跟点心，夜里灯火通明，称做游园会。刚开始的时候人很多，爱去哪桌吃、喝酒都可以，可是天气不巧，打了响雷下起阵雨，大家就集中到总办事处的演讲大厅去。我记得研究所内还有杨希枚领头唱平剧，非常热闹。”同年9月23日至24日，“国立中央研究院成立第二十周年纪念会暨第一次院士会议”在南京北极阁举行，与会者有朱家骅等51人。为表示对学术事业与知识分子的尊重，蒋介石撇下前线十万火急的战事，亲自出席会议并致训辞，场面隆重热烈。蒋退席后，分别由朱家骅、胡适、张元济三位院士代表致辞，而以商务印书馆掌门人张元济痛斥内战的讲话最为沉痛动人。张说：“抗战胜利，我们以为这遭可以和平，可以好好地改造我们的国家了。谁知道又发生了不断的内战，这不是外御其侮，竟是兄弟阋于墙。我以为这战争实在是可以不必的……但是战端一开，完全是意气用事，非拼个你死我活不可，这是多么痛心的事情。打的时候并没有多久，已经闹到所谓四海困穷。人民有些受不住了。报纸所载，那边的占领了东九省，围攻了太原，打破了开封，现在又进逼济南。关外、山西流亡的学生，成千成万的到了平津武汉和南京，吃没有好好的吃，住没有好好的住，哪里还说什么入校求学呢？前几天我听李润章先生说，他原籍昌黎县，一年之内两方的军队一出一入共有三次，地方的蹂躏也可想而知了。”又说：“战事不到两年，已经成了这个现象，倘若再打下去，别的不用说，我恐怕这个中央研究院也就免不了要关门。”张元济一语成谶，这次院士会议，成为国民党统治时期中国知识分子群体在苦难中深受瞩目和备感荣光的绝响。未久，中央研究院关门上锁，81名院士在战争的硝烟炮火中分道扬镳，踏上了不同的人生之路。