Chapter 34 The third section Liu Wendian talks about "Red Mansion" under the moon

In addition to a series of legendary stories that are somewhat "Water Margin" in and out of the campus, according to the memories of the students who attended the lectures, Liu Wendian was also ingenious and unique in his lectures, becoming a rare "alternative" for students.Every class, the school clerk first brings a large teapot and a two-foot-long bamboo dry pipe, and puts them on the desk in the classroom.When Mrs. Liu talked about his pride, he drank tea and smoked while explaining the essence of the article. He never cared whether the bell rang for the end of get out of class or not.One time when I attended "Selected Works", the content of the previous class was over after half an hour of class, and I was going to talk about the next article, but Liu suddenly announced: "Today's get out of class is over early, and it will be changed to seven days after dinner next Wednesday." Continue class at 1:30." Everyone was puzzled by the situation, so they had to disperse.When the appointed day came, the students realized that it was the fifteenth day of the fifth lunar month, and Liu Wendian was going to give a lecture on the famous "Moon Fu" under the moonlight.In the evening, I saw a circle of seats set up in the newly cleaned campus. Master Liu sat at the table in a long gown, and talked about the charm of "Moon Fu" under the light of a bright moon. After hearing the news, many professors came to have a look. Strange.Mrs. Liu was very proud when he saw the people surrounding him, and more and more people surrounded him. He was like a storyteller in the market, with a passionate expression, standing up and sitting down from time to time, citing scriptures and talking eloquently.The thin body leaned forward and backward, and the lower corner of the long gown swayed left and right. It had a fairy-like appearance, and it directly led the crowd into a state of intoxication, shouting "Enjoy the experience!"

With this precedent, some other liberal arts professors at Southwest Associated University sometimes imitated Liu Wendian by setting up tables and chairs in the campus square and giving lectures under the bright moon.This ingenious form is quite popular with students.Taking this as an introduction, during the period from 1940 to 1942, there was an upsurge in Southwest Associated University. This upsurge was first initiated by Wu Mi’s student, professor of the Department of Foreign Languages ​​of the United Nations University, and a Ph. D. in Germany. Wu Mi helped get together.Chen Quan himself is a writer. He was famous in the world for his play "Wild Rose", and caused waves of criticism and crusade in Chongqing and other places.According to Wu Mi's records on April 11, 1940, Chen Quan gave a speech on "Schopenhauer and a Dream of Red Mansions" at the Wenlin Hall in Daximen that night, and the reaction was strong, "The audience is very large, and the door is full. Its prosperity is unprecedented. ".

Chen Quan’s speech was an instant hit, which made Wu Mi and others extremely excited, and soon established a “Stone Club” in the United Nations University with “research as its mission”, with Wu Mi, Chen Quan, Huang Wei and other European and American professors as the core Characters began to give speeches at different times and occasions, and then the craze started, and gradually spread from the campus of the United Nations University to the entire Kunming city. The speeches were sought after by people from all walks of life.With the sensitivity of journalists, the local news media seized the opportunity to hype up this topic, which made the "Stone Society" and the craze continue to heat up.As one of the core figures of this craze, Wu Mi was also invited by Kunming Radio Station to give a 20-minute speech on "The Literary Value of A Dream of Red Mansions" and was paid 80 yuan.At that time, the price of a bowl of noodles in Kunming was 2 yuan, and Wu’s income from one lecture was equivalent to 40 bowls of noodles. The amount was not too much, but it was a considerable “grey income” for poor professors.

Under the blowing of the red wind and dream waves, Liu Wendian, who has a long history of research on red studies, was also agitated and scratched in his heart. Unable to withstand the repeated encouragement of teachers and students, he resolutely walked out of a few small earthen huts he rented, dressed himself in battle, and appeared on the stage.The "sea turtles" who studied in the West, headed by Wu Mi, started their research on Hongxue mainly from the theory of Western literature and art, and explained it with the method of "comparative literature".The speakers are almost all in suits and leather shoes, with oily hair and pink faces, with imposing manners and a gentleman's demeanor.And Liu Wendian, who is studying in Dongyang, has gray hair, a coarse cloth gown, flat blue cloth shoes with round mouths, and a bamboo dry pipe longer than his arm, dangling in his hand, looking like a rural private school Mr. looks like.Different from the research methods of the Western School, Liu often adopts the usual methods that emerged in the Qing Dynasty, and uses the traditional "Index School" as the orthodox one to decipher the language stories in the Red Chamber in an "allegorical" way, and even penetrates into it. "Epiphany".According to the memories of the students who heard the speeches of Wu Mi and Liu Wendian back then, another difference between Wu Mi and Liu Wendian was that when Wu used the method of "comparative literature" to explain, he often put himself in the subject of the narrative, often Let's have a little "showcase".Because he has a lingering complex for Mao Yanwen, the lover of his dreams, he often loses control in his speeches, revealing his pursuit of Mao Yanwen, which has become a bright spot in the memory of the students.For example, one night, Wu Mi was originally giving a lecture on "Literature and Life", and when she was talking, her head got hot, her mouth lost control, she got involved and put herself in it, talking about her past events of "engagement, marriage and early acquaintance" .Listener congestion.Thus, in the upsurge of Hongxue lectures at Southwest Associated University, two different factions and different camps suddenly emerged.The well-known Liu Wendian, with his aloof and arrogant character, put on the attitude of "singing against each other" with Wu Mi and others from the very beginning, and wanted to use the secret trick of the "index faction" to strike later in the confrontation between the two armies.For the first speech, the organizers considered that Mrs. Liu might not be the opponent of Wu Mi and others, so in order to avoid making a fool of himself when he was defeated in the Huashan Discussion of Swords, the organizer specially arranged the lecture in a small classroom.Unexpectedly, there were so many visitors, so I had to change to the big classroom, but I still couldn’t sit down, and finally had to change to the square in front of the library of the United Nations University to get my wish.Liu Wendian maneuvered horizontally and horizontally in the moonlit square, showing his supernatural powers, which made all living beings stunned and amazed.The Liu family's prestige was greatly shaken, and for a while, there was a tendency to decapitate the heads of several Western "sea turtles" headed by Wu Mi and cook them in the pot.In the days that followed, whenever Liu Wendian gave a lecture, the audience would gather, and the situation was overwhelming.According to Ma Fenghua, a student of the Department of Economics of the United Nations University who heard it personally, Liu Wendian put on an extraordinary celebrity style as soon as he appeared on the stage. The organizers put up posters on the campus in advance. The square in front of the museum.At that time, a large number of students were sitting on the ground, waiting for the lecture.It was still dark at that time, and due to frequent power outages, candlelight was already lit on the podium, and a pair of tables and chairs that had been moved temporarily were placed.In the flickering candlelight, I saw Liu Wendian floating in a long gown and sitting behind the table like a fairy descended into the world.At this time, a beautiful girl in a long skirt twisted her thin waist and poured tea for her with a peach blossom face.Liu Wendian took a cup of tea calmly and drank a cup of tea, cleared his throat symbolically, then suddenly stood up, like saying "Tao Qing" on the stage, and said his opening words in a precise manner: "Just, eat, fairy, peach, one bite , no, eat, rotten, apricot, a basket! Only one bite of Xiantao is enough!"

Pausing for a moment, before the audience came back to their senses, Mrs. Liu said conceitedly again: "No one else has said anything that I have said. I will not say anything that others have said. I will tell you today." Four words are enough!" After finishing speaking, he picked up the pen, turned around and wrote the four big characters "Liao Ting Hua Xu" on the small blackboard set up next to him.Turning his head and looking around, he asked slowly: "Why do I want to write these four characters only, there must be hidden secrets in them, there must be secrets!" The reporter stretched his legs and stretched out his thin black neck like a dry branch, waiting to hear the "next time decomposition".Master Liu put on a posture and used the "index school" method to decipher this "fable" four-character code.

According to Liu Wendian's explanation, Jia Yuanchun, as the imperial concubine, disapproved of Bao and Dai's love for each other when they first fell in love.In the eighteenth chapter, when Jia Yuanchun went home to visit his relatives, he nodded his head when he saw the plaques inscribed with landscapes and towers in the Grand View Garden. Only when he saw the four characters "Liaoting Huaxu", he smiled and said: "The word 'Huaxu' That's fine, why bother with 'Liao Ting'?" After Jia Zheng heard this, he immediately ordered someone to change him.Why did Yuanchun stay in "Huaxu" and go to "Liaoting" alone?This is because the word "溆" in "Huaxu" has the shape of "chai" and its sound is like "Xue"; and the word "莫丁" is actually the word "林".It can be seen from this that Jia Yuanchun, who is an imperial concubine, hinted that she preferred Xue Baochai instead of Lin Daiyu when she was visiting her relatives. ——One word from this imperial concubine, the tragedy of love between Jia and Lin is considered to be true.

When Liu Wendian said this, everyone admired him. Jie Ri met "True Treasure Jade" this time, and Professor Liu is worthy of being a national treasure-level master! Instead of singing against the stage, Wu Mi is usually very impressed by Liu Wendian's knowledge. In addition to often mingling among the students to listen to Liu's lectures and shouting "very good opinion", he often submits his own poems and essays to the other party for revision and polishing. Talking with colleagues, I also praised Liu Wendian a lot.This time, Jian Wendian used an alternative method to give lectures in the form of setting up a ring and caused a sensation among the teachers and students. I couldn't help being curious, and I also took advantage of the hazy night to visit among the students to get a glimpse of each other's reality.Wu recorded in his diary in 1942: "Listen to the lectures and answer students' questions. It rained heavily at that time, and hit the tin and iron on the roof like thunder." Judging from the brief record, this time Liu gave a speech in the house. Because of the rain and thunder, Liu Wendian's style and the content of his speech could not be fully displayed, so Wu did not record his sensuality in his diary.There may be another reason, that is, the purpose of Wu Mi's coming here is not only to find out the truth, or to join in the fun, but also to focus more on the pursuit of "Flower Girl", and ignore everything else.In another diary, Wu Mi recorded clearly: "Listening to Dian's speech in the open air. Seeing Qiong in the crowd. Mi and Xuemei are on their way home." This short description is obviously written in the style of Spring and Autumn, and there are many stories implied in it. .According to the textual research of Professor Yu Bin, a historian of Southwest Associated University and a native of Kunming, Yunnan, the "Joan" in the diary, that is, Zhang Erqiong, a female assistant professor of the Department of Biology of the Associated University (Southern Note: she taught in Kunhua Middle School for a period of time later), was inseparable from Wu Mi. Willing to develop a romantic relationship.And "Xuemei" is Lu Xuemei, a poetess from Guizhou, who turned to Wu Mi after many failed marriages.This evening, Wu originally brought Lu Xuemei, who is in love, to listen to Liu Wendian's speech. Unexpectedly, Wu was holding the fat in the rice bowl and thinking about the bones in the pot. Zhang Erqiong, his prey, was dreaming again, spinning back and forth in a whirl. ——It is conceivable that at this time, Liu Wendian, who was called a "national treasure" by the people at that time, told the stars in the sky to fall down, and turned into a pile of meteorites and fell on Wu Mi's head. I don't even bother to take care of it.Of course, Liu Wendian's "opposing dramas" are not often performed, but only occasionally.Because at this time, the life of the professors at the Lianda University has fallen into extreme poverty. Like other professors, he has to devote considerable energy to finding ways to generate additional income in order to maintain the livelihood of the whole family.A big difference from other professors is that Liu Wendian's opium addiction relapsed after he arrived in Mengzi from Liping. In the unbearable pain, he "broke his fast. When he arrived in Kunming, his opium addiction increased day by day." (Qian Mu's language) After the bad habit relapsed, Liu started to suck it out of his temper regardless, and thus gained the nickname "Eryun Layman" in the world.The so-called "Eryun Jushi", as Zhou Zuoren said in his article recalling Liu Shuya: "Gaiyan cloud legs and cloud soil are both famous things, and they are suitable for what they like." In Kunming, where prices are soaring and teachers and students are hungry and cold, With the meager income of a poor professor, Liu Wendian not only supports his family, but also buys the world-famous Yunnan tobacco and Xuanwei ham to enjoy. How to solve the large sum of money?This has become an important problem after arriving in Kunming.Fortunately, Liu's reputation is well-known among scholars all over the world. The two slaps slapped by Chiang Kai-shek back then have been continuously processed and disseminated, and added a lot of gold and bargaining chips to his illustrious reputation, as if Jie Gong What was given was not two loud slaps in the face, but two resounding gold-lettered signboards, engraved with blurred pictures such as "Upright", "Heroes", "Treasures of the Country" and so on.

Therefore, when it comes to Professor Liu’s classics of the United Nations University, all the famous people in Kunming are proud to know him or know him.Out of admiration for his reputation, and Liu Wendian himself is good at writing parallel prose in the old style such as table and annals, which is in line with the wishes of some old bureaucrats. This is why Qian Mu said, "Soldiers and old bureaucrats all over the country are vying to be hired as Flattering tomb texts, all give opium" as a reward.Qian’s words of “everyone is competing for employment” may be overrated. Such matters were relatively sensitive on the campus of the United Nations University at that time. Some may not correspond to the facts.However, it is an indisputable and open fact that Liu Wendian used this craft to earn the opium and ham money he needed.According to Wu Mi's daily records, once he attended a friend's banquet, and after drinking a few glasses of dirty wine, he heard an impassioned speech by Dr. Wu, who once taught at Peking University and later served as the director of the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education.It was mentioned that Luo Changpei, director of the Chinese Department of the United Nations University, once presided over the editing of the "Dali County Chronicle" in Yunnan, and received nearly 100,000 yuan.Later, "it is also said that Dian Zhuan and Wei wrote the tomb inscription of Miao Yuntai's mother. The Dian won 300,000 yuan and Wei won 100,000 yuan. I don't know if it is true."

The "Dian" mentioned in Wu's diary refers to Liu Wendian, and "Wei" refers to Hu Xiaoshi, a famous calligrapher who was a professor at Central University and taught at Yunnan University at that time.Miao Yuntai is a well-known local chaebol. He once served as the director of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Mining, the manager of Quanye Bank, and was the chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Economic Commission.Wu Mi's "I don't know if it's true or not" is probably uncertain, and I dare not jump to conclusions, because the reward of 300,000 yuan is not a small amount after all.Many years later, Professor Yu Bin, a research expert at Southwest Associated University, thought: "Assuming that it is true, the amount may not be that large. Luo Changpei's editor-in-chief of "Dali County Chronicles" (the true event) only received 'nearly 100,000 yuan'. Liu No matter how famous Wendian is, it is not three times as famous, and the amount of work is obvious. Besides, although Hu Xiaoshi's calligraphy is very good, "writing" cannot be compared with compiling a county chronicle. The reason why Yu is skeptical is that the "quantity" of the works of both parties cannot be "equal".However, the amount of remuneration is sometimes not judged by the amount of quantity. After all, literature and art are products of the superstructure field, and the emphasis should be on quality rather than quantity. Calligraphy, painting, sculpture, etc. are no exception.In terms of secular money prices, Zhang Daqian, Xu Beihong, Qi Baishi and other calligraphers and painters of the same generation as Liu Wendian and Hu Xiaoshi, the eagles and horses they painted are more vivid than the frisky eagles and horses. Dollars are worth much more.A painting by the Dutch painter Van Gogh fetched a price equivalent to 200 million RMB at an auction.If a landowner hires a group of wage earners to actually sow tens of acres or even thousands of acres of sunflowers in the field, how much sweat, how many days and nights, and how many trains and ships have to be harvested, to sell this painting by Van Gogh s price.It can be deduced from this that with Hu Xiaoshi's fame and status in the painting and calligraphy circles, "writing" is equivalent to the remuneration for Luo Changpei's compilation of a chronicle book, which is absolutely impossible.Since Hu Xiaoshi can do it, it is possible for Liu Wendian, a "National Treasure" master of Chinese studies who is much more famous than Hu's secular world, and known as the "Living Zhuangzi", to get hundreds of thousands of generous rewards.Otherwise, with Wu Mi's temperament, he would not directly deny it in the diary, but only treat it as "doubtful".According to people's recollection, during the Anti-Japanese War, Liu Wendian was so famous in Kunming that he could be compared with "King of Yunnan" Long Yun.At that time, the Kuomintang government explicitly banned smoking, but two people in Yunnan did not. One was Long Yun, and the other was Liu Wendian.If this statement is true, it can be seen that Liu Wendian is indeed very good.In addition to writing flattering tomb essays for the old bureaucrats in exchange for remuneration to meet the needs of life, Liu Wendian also wrote a large number of poems and essays for the fallen soldiers of the national army with sincere emotions. In March 1941, the Third Army of the Fifth Group Army of the Kuomintang Army fought against the Japanese in Shanxi, and was surrounded by 250,000 Japanese troops assembled in Zhongtiao Mountain.The Chinese army fought the Japanese army until May 10th. The Japanese army attacked fiercely, and the national army suffered heavy casualties. When Tang Huaiyuan, the commander of the Third Army, received the withdrawal order, he was already surrounded and had to continue fighting the enemy.As of May 11, the third army suffered more than half of its casualties. It was surrounded by enemies, food and aid were exhausted, and the way back was cut off.At this critical juncture, Tang summoned the three teachers of his department to give a lecture: "The current situation is dangerous. We should make the greatest determination in terms of responsibility and personal future. We should preserve our personality for the country and the nation so as to preserve the righteousness of the world." The divisions split up to break through.Tang Huaiyuan was trapped in the hanging mountain, and was frustrated three times to break through the siege. He ran out of ammunition and food. In the heavy rain, he was dispatched to the left and right, and committed suicide on the hanging mountain. one.After Tang Huaiyuan's death in battle, on February 2, 1942, the Nationalist Government issued the "Commendation Order for General Tang Huaiyuan, Commander of the Third Army of the Army". Tablets and portraits.In addition to the plaques presented by the chairman of the National Government and Long Yun and other party and state officials, the Jiangchuan County Government also specially invited Liu Wendian, a professor of Southwest Associated University, to write the "Tang Huaiyuan General Temple Monument" "The inscription.Liu Wendian readily agreed and expressed his obligation to write it to show his respect for this national hero.

"The righteousness of the public capital of the world, the purity of the emperor's spirit, the high integrity of the ancestors, and the prosperity of the past." What about you?!" The inscription on the "Tang Huaiyuan General Trial Temple Stele" is solemn and sincere, expressing the writer's admiration and memory for the anti-Japanese heroes. In May 1944, after training, the National Army stationed in India and the Western Yunnan Expeditionary Force simultaneously launched an attack on the Japanese army in northern Myanmar and west of the Nu River.The Eighth Army of the Army was ordered to march from Baoshan to Longling to reinforce the left wing of the Western Yunnan Expeditionary Army and undertake the task of attacking Songshan.From July to October of that year, after arduous and fierce fighting, the army finally recovered Songshan and wiped out the Japanese defenders.When the news came out, the whole country was excited. Liu Wendian in Kunming faced the end of the enemy’s sunset on the west mountain. "The Heavenly Soldiers West" exudes the sound of clank and iron

The snow-capped mountains are a hundred feet low, and the sound of the seven elite troops scattered horseshoes. It was only after the sea battle that I heard that the northern part of Australia had been collected, and the heavenly soldiers had already reported to Luxi. The spring breeze blows the fragrant grass, and the setting sun shines on the banner of the deserted city. Yu Xin was very desolate all his life, and the elders on the poor side listened to the conquest. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Yuantong Mountain in Kunming built the "Monument to the Fallen Soldiers of the Eighth Army of the Army in the Anti-Japanese War". The list of 3,775 soldiers and 125 officers who died in battle was engraved on the monument.Liu Wendian's passionate and majestic "Tian Bing Xi", full of blood and tears, was engraved on the monument together as a permanent commemoration. It is such a wild, wild and famous Liu Wendian who unexpectedly fell into the hands of Wen Yiduo, and was trapped in the southwest all his life without returning to the north, which is extremely embarrassing.