Chapter 23 In the second quarter, Li Zonghuang entered Yunnan

Just when Chiang Kai-shek was trying his best to eradicate Long Yun's confidant, the negotiations between the KMT and the Communist Party had made significant progress in name. On October 10, the "Summary of the Talks between Representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party" ("Double Ten Agreement") was signed in Chongqing and officially announced on the 12th.The Kuomintang agreed to the basic policy of peaceful nation building, recognized the equal and legal status of all parties, and promised to hold a Political Consultative Conference, and the CCP recognized Chiang Kai-shek's national leadership.

On October 11, Mao Zedong, accompanied by Zhang Zhizhong, a member of the Kuomintang, left Chongqing for Yan'an. The 43-day peace negotiation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party came to an end. On October 13, Chiang Kai-shek issued a secret order to the Kuomintang generals in each theater to "follow the guidelines for suppressing bandits set by Chiang Kai-shek, supervise and encourage subordinates, work hard to advance and suppress, and complete the task quickly", and "those who delay and cause delays must be punished by law enforcement."Chiang’s so-called “suppression of bandits” naturally refers to the encirclement and suppression of Communist forces. The ink on the “October 10th Agreement” was not yet dry, and the fuse of the civil war was opened again.

Just when the smoke of gunpowder suddenly rose in the land of China, and when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party started another bloody battle with guns and cannons, amidst a new round of rumbling guns and wailing and crying, the impatient teachers and students of Southwest United proposed to end the current situation as soon as possible , the three schools were separated, each demobilized and went north, and returned to the dream capital of Pingjin after eight years of absence.Fu Sinian, who succeeded Jiang Menglin as a member of the Standing Committee of the Southwest Associated University, arrived in Kunming on October 21, 1945, to meet with Mei Yiqi.He also made a brief inspection of the United Nations University to discuss the school's demobilization and return to the north.Based on the situation at the Pingjin campus at that time and the dangerous domestic situation and traffic conditions, Fu Sinian and Mei Yiqi realized that it was impossible to return to the north at this time, and it would take at least half a year to be demobilized, so they decided to continue teaching in Kunming next semester.

On November 5, Chiang Kai-shek met Du Yuming, who had just arrived in Chongqing from the northeast, in Chongqing, and listened to the report that he had sent someone to reconnoitre Yingkou, the commander of the Soviet army had withdrawn, and the Chinese Communist army had taken over Yingkou and could not land in Yingkou.In this regard, Chiang Kai-shek gave clear instructions: first, to fight out from Shanhaiguan with two armies; second, to establish local armed forces in the Northeast, and to incorporate 11 security detachments of the puppet army into 9 provinces and 2 cities to assist the national army in defense; third, to appoint 11 military commissioners from 9 provinces and 2 cities went deep into the provinces and cities to mobilize the remnants of the enemy and puppets to disrupt the CCP-controlled areas. The "Double Ten Agreement" can be used as toilet paper and thrown into the small moat, and the command post will attack the area controlled by the Communist Army.With the issuance of a series of secret orders, the scale of the civil war further expanded.For this reason, Mao Zedong in Yan'an made a statement in the name of the CCP spokesman: "The Chinese people have been deceived enough, and they can no longer be deceived", calling on "the people of the whole country to mobilize and use all means to stop the civil war."

On November 16, Chiang Kai-shek presided over a meeting of the Military Commission and made a report entitled "Research on Bandit Suppression Tactics and What Senior Generals Should Know", saying that it is necessary to "build confidence in victory" and step up the pace of dispatching troops. .For a time, the Kuomintang regular army used to besiege and attack the Communist Party troops nationwide reached more than 800,000 people. At the same time that Chiang Kai-shek dispatched troops, the CCP formed the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army with Lin Biao as the commander-in-chief. The number was about 100,000, and it increased to 500,000 three months later.The Kuomintang and the Communist Party refused to give in, and the exchange of fire continued, and a large-scale civil war was imminent.

On November 19, the Chongqing Anti-Civil War Federation from all walks of life was established. When news spread to Kunming, students from various schools reacted strongly and were ready to move.The CCP’s underground Yunnan Provincial Working Committee seized the opportunity and decided to go out immediately, sneaking into the campus quietly, and secretly supporting the student movement.At this time, none of the three members of the Standing Committee of Southwest Associated University were on campus. Zhang Boling had always been a member of the Standing Committee in name only, resident in Chongqing, and seldom intervened in the affairs of the University;Fu Sinian was sweating profusely walking between Peking and Chongqing, busy with the demobilization of Peking University.When Mei Yiqi left Kunming, according to the old rules, he handed over the school affairs to Ye Qisun, the number two figure in Tsinghua University. Ye Qisun was a low-key science professor who didn't like to make publicity, let alone meddling in other schools. When he was about to be demobilized, he was acting as an acting member of the Standing Committee in name, but in reality he was barely maintaining the overall situation.Unexpectedly, at this gap, the student riot that Jiang Menglin was worried about before leaving the job broke out, and a murder that shocked China and foreign countries happened.

On November 24, Li Zonghuang, Director of the Civil Affairs Bureau of Yunnan Province, and Guan Linzheng, Commander-in-Chief of the Garrison, according to reports from intelligence personnel and military and police intelligence departments.Knowing that "the traitorous party members of the four major universities including the United Nations University plan to hold a discussion meeting on current affairs on tomorrow (25th), and all walks of life are welcome to participate, Xu Liberty speaks. The purpose is to hold a signature anti-American demonstration and demand the formation of a coalition government things" etc.Upon hearing the news, Li, Guan and others urgently convened a joint party, government, and military meeting to formulate an interception plan, and then posted and published notices in schools and news media: "Any assembly or procession in a group school without the approval of the provincial party, government, and military organs , are strictly prohibited.” At the same time, Xiong Qinglai, the president of Yunnan University, was forced not to lend the venue in the name of renovating the auditorium.Seeing this, the student self-government meeting that organized the speech had to be held in the playground in front of the UNU library.The Yunnan local authorities got the information and saw that they could not suppress it, so they decided to send people to secretly manipulate the venue to prevent the outbreak of student riots.

On the evening of November 25th, the anti-civil war current affairs lecture organized by the student self-government associations of Southwest Associated University, Yunnan University, Sino-French University, and English Academy in Kunming was held as scheduled on the lawn in front of the library of Southwest Associated University. Qian Duansheng, Wu Qiyuan, Fei Xiaotong, Pan Dakui, Shang Yue, Wen Yiduo, Yang Ximeng and other professors were specially invited to give speeches, and more than 6,000 teachers and students attended the meeting.Scholars took to the stage to express their opinions impassionedly, calling for an end to the civil war, emphasizing that "a civil war will inevitably destroy China", "China needs to establish a coalition government and carry out peaceful nation-building, and urge the United States to quickly withdraw its troops from China", "replace Hurley and Wedemeyer", etc. .

While several professors were talking enthusiastically, Qiu Qingquan, the Fifth Army of the Kuomintang Central Army stationed in Kunming, quietly surrounded the campus of the United University, and fired machine guns and small steel cannons to threaten and intimidate.All of a sudden, gunshots rang out outside the wall, bullets screamed and pierced the night sky, and riots broke out at the venue. Just as the teachers and students looked around in a daze and were at a loss, the lighting power of the venue was suddenly cut off, the playground was dark, and the crowd began to disperse.When the venue was about to collapse, the organizers who had taken precautions lit the gas lamps prepared in advance, and finally stabilized their position. After this toss, the teachers and students were emotional and continued to give speeches with anger.Not long after, a man dressed in short clothes jumped onto the main stage from the crowd, calling himself "Old People of the King", and shouted, "What the speaker said just now is pure nonsense. This fanned the flames and disturbed the hearts of the people, such internal turmoil, the party and state leaders should try to quell it." Yun Yun.Someone suddenly recognized that this person was not some "common king", but actually Zha Zongfan, the head of the central government's special agent stationed in Kunming.Thinking of the gunshots and power outages outside the wall and other emergencies, it must be the secret actions of these military and police agents.As a result, the crowd was furious and shouted for beatings, Zongfan Zha didn't see things well, he shrank like a mouse and hunched his back into the crowd, taking advantage of the short-term chaos to escape.The spies tried all their tricks but couldn't work. They were at their wit's end and could only watch the teachers and students continue their speeches.When the students sang the anti-civil war song "We Are Against This" and broke up the meeting in the middle of the night, they suddenly found that the school gate had been blocked by the Kuomintang military police. There was a frightening cold light, and the machine guns on the walls and eaves were aimed at the intersection, and teachers and students from other schools were not allowed to pass.In the darkness of night, the military and police issued a command that anyone who dared to go out would be shot to death.Faced with such a ferocious and bloody arrogance, the teachers and students didn't know what to do. The scene was chaotic for a while, the dark land was full of people, crowded in front and back, and a girl was squeezed to the ground and trampled into serious grief. I can't stop crying.Thousands of people wandered and shivered in the cold wind late at night. Some people shouted in anger to resist the class, so they responded in groups. More than 700 students from the United Nations University signed the strike that night.It wasn't until two o'clock in the morning that students from other schools entered the city one after another from the farm path through the back door of Yunda University.

The next day, Kunming's "Central Daily" published the Central News Agency's news titled "Western Suburban Bandits and Police Gunshots at Night": Near Bainipo outside the west gate of this city, bandit police broke out at around 7:00 last night. The local garrison rushed to arrest them after reporting the report. The bandits fired shots and fled into the darkness. According to Shen Shen, a news practitioner at the time, after investigation, he learned that the news was first concocted by the propaganda staff of the Yunnan Garrison General Headquarters. After the commander-in-chief Guan Linzheng reviewed and agreed, he assigned Major General Song Wenbin to send it to the Central News Agency and the Central News Agency in person. Yunnan News Agency ordered it to be forwarded and published in various newspapers immediately.As soon as this news was published, teachers and students in various schools in Kunming were once again angered. They thought it was a lie fabricated by the local authorities to cover up the crimes committed last night. teachers and students.The furious students decided to go on strike to express their protest against the series of acts created by the authorities.As a result, Southwestern Union students, who are the bosses in Kunming, took the lead and signed their names to strike.Then 18 large and middle schools, including Yunnan University, the third, Sino-French University, English major, Kunhua Industrial School, and Kunhua Agricultural School, went on strike one after another.By the 28th, there were 31 schools on strike.The Kunming Student Self-Government Federation saw that the students were going to riot on a large scale, and they were threatening and arrogant. Strike Alliance), elected the United Nations University, Yunda University, Sino-French University, Kunhua Girls’ High School, and Yunda Affiliated High School as members of the Standing Committee of the Strike Alliance, and issued a strongly worded "strike declaration." ——A large-scale student movement is like a raging fire on the wasteland, burning in the southwestern border in winter.

A month ago, when Long Yun, who was exhausted, walked down Wuhua Mountain and was forced to fly to Chongqing, the city of Kunming, which was under siege by the army, began to lift martial law.The frightened and panicked citizens bought newspapers in confusion for the past few days and saw the headline on the front page: "President Long flew to Chongqing today to take up the post of president of the Military Senate of the Military Commission, and Lu Han will be the chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government. Before Lu Han arrived in Kunming, he was represented by the newly appointed Minister of Civil Affairs, Li Zonghuang." Facing the sudden incident, many people expressed their great indignation at Li Zonghuang's comeback and acting as the provincial chairman while rejoicing that "the old chairman was not killed by random guns" with complicated and sad feelings.Li is a native of Heqing, Yunnan. He is a die-hard follower of Chiang Kai-shek, and was nicknamed "Yellow Dog" or "Weasel" by the masters of the Jianghu. When the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke up in 1927, when Chiang Kai-shek brandished a knife to "purge the party", Long Yun, who had just become the new generation "King of Yunnan", felt that the chair had not yet been imprisoned, and was unwilling to offend the Communists and add chaos to his rule.Jiang's orders were often deliberately delayed or refused to be carried out, all depending on whether it was beneficial to his rule in Yunnan.It was precisely because of such special conditions of time, location, and disharmony that the CCP organizations in Yunnan did not suffer a major blow during the first few months when Chiang Kai-shek ordered the "cleaning of the party".And in August of this year, the CCP led the army to openly launch a riot in Nanchang and fired the first shot against the Kuomintang.In his anger, Chiang Kai-shek made up his mind to concentrate on destroying the CCP organization and army.In order to blackmail Long Yun's forces, after repeated weighing, he specially appointed his hard-core brother, counselor of the National Revolutionary Army General Headquarters, Li Zonghuang, a lieutenant general from Yunnan, to go to Kunming to "assist" Long Yun in "clearing the party".After arriving in Kunming, Mrs. Li, as the imperial court supervisor, waved the sword above, coerced the "Dragon King" to command the princes, and relied on the rightist forces of the Yunnan Kuomintang to privately set up a large number of pistol teams, which were specially used to arrest, hunt down and shoot the Communists. Molecules and followers, carrying out white terror activities everywhere.Frightened by Li Zonghuang's aggressive arrogance and ruthless methods of suppressing the Communist Party, most of the Communists left Kunming and went to the countryside to lie dormant and dare not show their faces.From time to time, a member of the Communist Youth League of Kunming Chengde Middle School named Liang Yuanbin, under the agitation of lofty proletarian ideology and revolutionary enthusiasm, did not take Li's pistol team seriously with his revolutionary and desperate spirit. , insisting on propagating to the local masses the truths of Marxism, and in the final analysis one of them is "it is right to rebel", and so on.When he once again gave a speech to the passing masses on Wucheng Road in Kunming, he was followed and monitored by Li Zonghuang's spies.When Liang realized that the gun with the nose of the machine aimed at his own head, he suddenly realized that the other party had a lot of "peanuts", but there was only one meat ball on his shoulder. Once he lost it, it would be difficult to survive.In panic and panic, Liang Yuanbin turned and ran away. When he ran to an alley, Li's pistol team pulled the trigger, and Liang was shot and died. After the massacre, the underground members of the Communist Party of China in Yunnan secretly commanded followers and local people to carry Liang's coffin and bloody clothes to demonstrate on the streets of Kunming, shouting slogans such as "Down with Li Zonghuang!" and "Punish the murderer who killed Liang Yuanbin!" At the same time, he sent representatives to Wuhua Mountain to petition Long Yun.Long Yun was already dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek, and even hated Li Zonghuang's arrogant and domineering behavior and not taking himself as the "King of Yunnan" seriously.Now seeing the sudden murder and the people carrying the coffin, they are overjoyed.He realized that the favorable opportunity to overthrow Li Zonghuang and sweep him out of the house had come, so he suppressed the excitement in his heart. When meeting the representatives, he first expressed his grief for the death of the young student Liang Shi in the shape of a cat crying for a mouse, and then he showed righteousness. A petition expressing support for the masses' action against Li, giving preferential treatment to Liang's family members, etc.This move gave Li Zonghuang, who was in the limelight and showing off his power, a blow to the head, and this blow actually caused Li to fall to the ground.It was only at this time that Li Zonghuang deeply realized that with the Dragon and Hades sitting on the territory of Yunnan, he would not have the power to control the political situation and post the Communist Party members on the ghost record at will.Seeing that there is no hope for her to stand up and fight, Li Shi thought about it and had no choice but to embrace the lofty ambition of being a man who will not fight for a day. She bowed her head and gave up Yunnan. Wait for the time when the sun and the moon change, and the sky and the earth change color, and then kill another carbine to bring down Long Yun and become a real prince.Unexpectedly, after 18 years of hard waiting, the opportunity finally favored him. Li Zonghuang, who has a meek personality but loves to dance, write and write, published several works in his later years. Among them, in his memoirs, he took the trouble to describe the details of Chiang Kai-shek's determination to get rid of Long Yun and replace him with himself.According to Li, on July 16, 1945, he was summoned to Chiang Kai-shek's official residence in Chongqing to take orders. Chiang said: "Zhizhou's behavior was special, and he obstructed the War of Resistance for years. If things go on like this, if we indulge him too much, I am afraid that he himself will not be able to start and finish well. So now we have decided to invite Brother Boying (southern press: Li Zonghuang) to return to Yunnan to take over his two positions as Chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government and Chairman of the Provincial Party Committee. If If Zhizhou can obey orders, then transfer him to the central government and give him another position, otherwise he should be punished accordingly. Regarding this matter, what's your opinion, brother Boying?" Seeing Jiang suddenly say these words, Mrs. Li's blood rushed to the top of her head, she was suddenly inexplicably surprised and had mixed feelings.But after all, he is a veteran who has been in the officialdom for many years, so he quickly calmed down and replied calmly: "Zong Huang thanked the president for his cultivation, but Zong Huang is weak and weak, and it is difficult to take on such a big responsibility. Once the military affairs are delayed, it will be too late to regret." Well. From Zong Huang’s point of view, Mr. Zhou Xingfu, the vice president of the Examination Institute, should take up the position of chairman of the provincial government, and Zong Huang can be the chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee.” After hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek was taken aback for a moment, and then he said ambiguously: "Alright, brother Boying might as well ask Zhou Xingfu and listen to his opinion. If he can make Zhizhou retire, let him maintain the status quo and let him maintain the status quo. After the time has passed, brother Boying can take over again." The Zhou Xingfu mentioned by Li Zonghuang is Zhou Zhongyue, named Xing'an, a native of Jianchuan County, Yunnan, Bai nationality, born in 1876, and has been known as a child prodigy since he was a child.It is said that when he was studying in his hometown, a local bandit was shot to death in Shibaoshan, southwest of Jianchuan. The bandit's accomplice was probably related to Zhou Zhongyue's family, but no definite evidence could be found. The method is to send someone to ask Zhou Zhongyue's father, Zhou Zhibing, to write an elegiac couplet for the deceased.Zhou Zhibing was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. He liked poetry and calligraphy. He was well-known in the Jianchuan area.Is this elegiac couplet written or not?If you don't write it, the consequences will be obvious. The bandits will use this matter to provoke trouble and take the opportunity to retaliate.And write, what to write?Flattery is not in my character, and the Zhou family and local people will not agree.Doing the opposite, with sarcasm and even scolding, fell into the trap set by the bandits, and the consequences would be disastrous. Just when the old scholar was in a dilemma, and he and some literary friends and poets were discussing the plan over and over again in the hall at home, Zhou Zhongyue came home from school to listen to the matter, stared at the matter, and blurted out: "What's so difficult about it? Just write it." Zhou Zhibing was about to scold his son for his recklessness, when an old scholar beside him said kindly, "It's easy to say, let me see if you write it?" Zhou Zhongyue ignored his father's face, went into the study and splashed ink, I quickly wrote it and took it out.I saw it said: "Life and death are determined by God, and future generations will judge the merits." The horizontal criticism is "Alas".When everyone saw it, they were both surprised and delighted. The old scholar Zhou Zhibing also thought that this couplet was really wonderful, revealing his son's extraordinary wisdom.The gangsters gathered together and thought about it for a long time, but they couldn't tell what it was like, so they had to give up taking the opportunity to retaliate.Because of this couplet, Zhou Zhongyue's reputation as a child prodigy spread far and wide, and has been passed down among the local people for a long time. In 1904, Zhou Zhongyue went to study at Waseda University in Japan, and returned to China in 1907 to take charge of the Great Seal of the Education Department of Yunnan Province.After the Revolution of 1911, he served as Secretary-General of the Yunnan Metropolitan Government and the Observation Envoy of Central Yunnan. In 1915, with Cai E, he organized the "Discussion of Yuan Huguo Army". In 1919, he served as acting governor of Yunnan Province. In 1921, he served as governor of Yunnan Province. In 1927, he resigned due to the turbulent situation and returned to Jianchuan to wait and see.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the Minister of the Interior of the Nationalist Government, a member of the National Government, and the Vice President of the Examination Institute.As Li Zonghuang said, one is to show a little self-effacing in front of Jiang, to show his demeanor and political magnanimity.At the same time, he also learned the lessons he had learned in Kunming in the past. He took a fancy to Zhou's qualifications and old background in Yunnan official circles, and wanted to find someone to rely on for support for a while.Chiang Kai-shek knew it well, and pushed the boat along the way. After Li Zonghuang got the order, he quickly found Zhou and conveyed Jiang's opinion.After hearing this, Zhou Zhongyue, who had been in the officialdom for a long time, immediately realized that this was a trap for others. In addition, he didn't have a good impression of Li's conduct, so he flatly refused. On July 21, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Li Zonghuang again, and Li confessed the results of his conversation with Zhou Zhongyue.Jiang saw that Zhou was such a dog sitting in a sedan chair—he didn't know how to praise him, so he said coldly: "In this case, Brother Boying will still return to Yunnan to take charge of the government. When I have everything in place, I will make the trip on the same day. Brother Boying, please keep the secret and work hard. Prepare." Seeing that the big event is about to come true, and he can ascend the throne of the provincial chairman with only one step, Li Zonghuang's surprise and surprise can be imagined.Unexpectedly, the situation in the world is unpredictable, and incidents occurred in the middle of the incident, which made Li's dream become a duckweed that is both real and illusory.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Lu Han led a large army to Vietnam to accept the surrender. For fear of causing a mutiny and temporarily stabilizing Long Yun's old forces in Yunnan, Chiang Kai-shek, under the advice of his staff and strategists, suddenly changed Lu Han to replace Long Yun as the provincial chairman. , Li as acting chairman.Regarding this change, Jiang explained to Li: "Because the national army's full-scale counter-offensive is about to start in full swing, Lu Han will lead the counter-offensive with Commander-in-Chief He. In Yunnan, during this transitional period, I would like to temporarily take Lu Han as a negative force in Yunnan Province. In the name of the chairman of the government, use Brother Bo Ying as the Director and Acting Chairman of the Civil Affairs Department, and after a certain period of time, Brother Bo Ying will be removed. Such an approach will not be without benefits for the use of political strategies.” Jiang's intentions are very clear. Long Yun's number one officer, Lu Han, as the provincial chairman is only a "transition" and not a long-term solution. Li needs to endure it temporarily and "true removal" at an appropriate time.That is to say, wait until the surrender of the national army is over, the situation is stable, Lu Han's army marches to the northeast, and after the potential danger in Yunnan has passed, then try to remove Lu Han from his post and help Li Zhengzheng.Because of Chiang Kai-shek's promise, Li Zonghuang went all out to help Chiang drive away Long Yun. He packed lightly and couldn't wait to come to Kunming to serve as the director of the Provincial Department of Civil Affairs, the director of the provincial party department and the acting chairman of the provincial government. The job is to wait for Chiang Kai-shek to "true get rid of" him soon.From Li Zonghuang's memoirs, it can be seen that at that time he completely believed that Jiang's words were true and reliable, and he did not have any doubts afterwards, because Lu Han was not Jiang's direct descendant, but he himself was his hard-core confidant. Li Zonghuang was an executive member of the Central Committee when the Kuomintang was in the "big one", but he has worked hard for decades, but he has never been a feudal official or gained the real power of a prince. When he is about to turn sixty, Finally, the day has come, and the excitement is beyond the comprehension of ordinary politicians and ordinary people.Since Li has the dream of being the "King of Yunnan" in his heart, and for the first time temporarily serving as a feudal official in control of real power, he naturally attaches great importance to the "political achievements" he has acted in the past two months.The political achievements can best reflect the "three evils" that Chiang Kai-shek instructed him before he left, "after returning to Yunnan, the main task is to get rid of the 'three evils'." The "three evils" referred to by Chiang Kai-shek are the fortress of democracy, the student movement, and the old forces of Longyun.Due to Li Zonghuang's bad reputation among various factions in Kunming, it naturally aroused the disgust of many people, and some teachers and students of the centrist schools in Yunnan also expressed the same disgust for Li's actions and arrogance.Under such circumstances, the conflict between Li Zonghuang and various local forces became inevitable.