Chapter 12 In the second quarter, an inch of mountains and rivers and an inch of blood

When Liuzhou fell, part of the arrogant Japanese army marched northward to Guizhou, attacked Dushan, an important town in southern Guizhou, threatened Guiyang, and shook Chongqing.Many military strategists and observers at home and abroad pointed out that due to the steepness of the Three Gorges and the military fortifications arranged and built along the way, the Japanese army voluntarily gave up the battle plan to cross the Three Gorges and continue westward after they reached Yichang, Hubei.Because Shaoguan, Guangdong and other places were still in the hands of the Chinese army at that time, and the Japanese army went deep along the Yangtze River alone, not only had to take a lot of military risks, but also had to pay a heavy price. Breaking through the accompanying capital Chongqing alone did not have much practical significance strategically.Therefore, out of strategic considerations, the Japanese army did not plan a large-scale attack in the Three Gorges area. The bombing of the Three Gorges line was not a preparation for a large-scale attack, but a deterrent harassment.But when the Japanese army completed the "Operation Plan No. 1" and opened up the mainland communication line, they planned to attack Chongqing, occupy the entire southwestern region, and cut off the only foreign aid channel - the Burma Road, so as to achieve the goal of fully conquering China. .In order to realize this "grand plan and dream", the Japanese army chose Dushan in Guizhou as the direction of attack after various research and weighing.

Dushan was occupied by the Japanese army, like a sharp knife, piercing China's weakness from the side.Moreover, this sharp knife descended like a hurricane, and it came fiercely and quickly, making it difficult to resist, and the Chinese nation once again faced the danger of extinction.When the bad news came out, the whole country was shocked, and people panicked for a while, feeling that another catastrophe was imminent.The national government held an emergency meeting to discuss plans to abandon Chongqing and move the capital to Xichang or the Northwest. Just as the Japanese army was approaching and was about to drink the Machuan River, from October 11th to 14th, Chiang Kai-shek convened in Chongqing the party, government and military officials from all walks of life, dignitaries from various provincial and municipal governments, leaders of the Three People's Principles Youth League at all levels, and education leaders. More than 150 people from the field held the "Mobile Intellectual Youth to Join the Army Conference" to discuss the plan for intellectual youth to join the army. It was decided to set up an intellectual youth army committee and appointed Zhang Boling, Mo Dehui, He Yingqin, Bai Chongxi, Chen Lifu, Zhang Lisheng, Zhou Zhongyue, Gu Yuxiu, Gu Zhenggang, and Zhang Zhizhong. , Kang Ze and others are members.The meeting decided to recruit 100,000 intellectual youths from all over the country to form a new army and put them into the battlefield.Chiang Kai-shek personally appointed the two sons of Chiang Ching-kuo and Chiang Wei-guo to join the youth army and go to the national calamity together.

The news quickly spread across the country, and news media such as "Central Daily" and China Central Radio began to loudly clamor for this plan.Such as "One inch of mountains and rivers and one inch of blood, one hundred thousand young people and one hundred thousand soldiers", "The country is first, the nation is supreme...'Military first, soldiers first", "Where is the king when the country is destroyed", "If there is no skin, how can the hair be attached" And other propaganda slogans have been published in newspapers and radio broadcasts.Under the pressure of foreign enemies and the bewilderment of public opinion, educated youths from all over the country, especially the teachers and students of various colleges and universities, after a short period of hesitation and wait-and-see, were finally mobilized and joined the ranks of the youth army, but they were obviously not as good as the first time they signed up in terms of spirit and momentum. Joining the army is comparable.According to Feng Youlan, the dean of literature and professor of philosophy at Southwest Associated University at the time, recalled: "If this measure of the Kuomintang government was in the early days of the War of Resistance, students would rush to sign up; but at this time, the students' confidence in the final victory of the War of Resistance Although it has not wavered, the illusion of the Kuomintang government has been shattered, and there are many doubts about the registration of the youth army, so they wait and see. The Ministry of Education at that time allocated places for each university and set indicators. The Standing Committee of the General Assembly panicked, so A mobilization meeting was held, and professors were asked to persuade the students. My speech basically said that the Anti-Japanese War has been going on for several years. In the past, the country and the government did not enlist students who had graduated from high school and exempted them from military service. This was because there were no new weapons at that time and they were not needed People with scientific and technological training. Now that the United States has sent new weapons (according to the South: At this time, the United States has begun to aid China in terms of weapons and equipment, which are used in the battlefields of China and Myanmar), and people with scientific and technological training are needed to use them. If there are If the young people who have been trained in science and technology do not go to the army, who will use them? How will this battle be fought in the future? Wen Yiduo made the most prominent speech, to the effect that we are now politically oppressed, and no one listens to what we say. There is no gun. Now someone is giving us a gun. This is the best opportunity. No matter what, we have to take the gun and hold it in our hands. Whoever opposes us, we will attack him first. This time we will The meeting was very lively. After the meeting was over, I walked out of the school gate and saw someone posting a big-character poster there, objecting to enlisting in the army. I was very angry, went forward, tore up the big-character poster, and said, I suspect that this big-character poster is Written by the Chinese. After this mobilization meeting, more students signed up to join the army, but within a few days they exceeded the quota.” He also said: “The Youth Army was established, and Chiang Kai-shek sent Huo Kuizhang to Kunming to preside over the training. The youth army went to India, received weapons from the United States, and trained on the spot. Japan surrendered in 1945, and the youth army did not go to the front to fight against Japan.” Feng Shizhi’s statement was somewhat vague, or it could be said that Meaningful.In fact, the situation at Southwest Associated University was far from that simple.

Wen Yiduo was originally the professor who most disapproved of students joining the army. When the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out in 1937, some people advocated students joining the army, but Wen opposed it. Earlier, he said to the students of Beiping Art College: "The value of a student is much higher than that of a student. The value of a soldier is that students serve the country and should engage in more difficult work.” According to his point of view, it is a waste of talents for students to join the army, and he believes that students are the inheritors of the spirit of national culture and shoulder the great historical mission of national rejuvenation and future development. Keep a few reading seeds, let their heads stay in the classroom, laboratory or research room, and bend over to do knowledge or scientific research, which is more meaningful than keeping their heads in the waistband of their trousers in a battlefield where blood and flesh are flying everywhere. It is much greater, and its contribution to the nation as a whole is also much greater than that of soldiers.Without the existence of scientific and cultural elites, it would be impossible for the soldiers alone to save the Chinese nation from peril, let alone the great national rejuvenation.When the national peril was imminent and the Kuomintang was becoming more and more corrupt, Wen Yiduo lamented his misfortune and angered him, and his political views changed suddenly. Once again, the idea of ​​using student soldiers as a new force to reform the old feudal army of the Kuomintang A short fantasy, thinking that it is not only necessary but also necessary for young students to join the army.Just before the Japanese army was about to implement "Operation Plan No. 1", open up the mainland communication line, and capture Dushan, at a discussion meeting on current affairs hosted by Qiu Qingquan, commander of the Fifth Army of the Kuomintang in Kunming, Wen Yiduo once angrily said: Said: "All the battlefields of the Allied forces are now regaining lost ground, only we are still losing ground! What is the use of such a government and such an army?" Not long after, he talked about the situation of international and domestic wars in class, and the situation of the Kuomintang. The military was corrupt and incompetent, and he made an impassioned statement: "This kind of government, this kind of army, has reached the point where it must be reformed!" From this time on, Wen changed his previous attitude and actively called on young students to join the army and serve the country.

When the students enlisted in the army and were about to leave Southwest Associated University, at the farewell party, Wen Yiduo asked the students not to become warlords and bureaucrats riding on the heads of the people, but to actively participate in the transformation of the old army so that It has become a modern army with international standards and a real pillar that the country relies on.Regrettably, Mrs. Wen is just wishful thinking. History tells the world that not only these young students failed to change the model of this old-fashioned army, but their fresh life and enthusiasm, as well as their beautiful dreams, were also invisible to this army. The giant wheel of China was crushed to pieces, which evolved into a tragedy of an era.

Facing the turbulent international and domestic situation, Mei Yiqi, who actually presided over the work of the Southwest Associated University, managed the political situation with extreme sobriety and composure.Judging from the materials preserved by the United Nations University, Mei Yiqi never took the initiative to ask teachers or graduate students to abandon their studies and join the army amidst the clamor of several times to be recruited into the army.Even among such students, Mei Yiqi tried to keep a batch of the most promising reading seeds, so that the knowledge structure of humanities, especially science, would not be faulted or there would be no successors, such as Yang Zhenning, Huang Kun, Tang Aoqing, Hao Yichun and a group of outstanding students who have undergone strict screening are all preserved in the Graduate School of Tsinghua University.Younger academic seedlings such as Li Zhengdao and Deng Jiaxian were also retained without exception.This large group of scholars made outstanding contributions to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the progress of human science in the world in the future.

Of course, if teachers and graduate students volunteered to join the army, Mei Yiqi would not stop them and let them do as they please. One of his own sons and one daughter enlisted in the army successively from the United Nations University.Daughter Mei Zutong joined the International Ambulance Organization and served in the War of Resistance.Mei Yiqi's only son, Mei Zuyan, who was a sophomore in the Water Conservancy Engineering Department of Southwest Associated University at the time, decided to drop out of school and join the army in November 1943.Mei Yiqi believed that the country was in turmoil at that time, so she could study in university.The opportunity is rare. I hope my son will make a decision after completing his studies. There will be many opportunities to serve the country in the future.But the son has made up his mind to go, and Mei does not stop him.At that time, many people believed that after joining the army, Mei Zuyan would join his uncle, the famous Kuomintang general Wei Lihuang, as the commander-in-chief of the Western Yunnan Expeditionary Force, and rely on Wei's relationship to get care and promotion.Mei Zuyan unexpectedly defected to the air force with no personal relationship and became an ordinary interpreter. It was not until September, one year after the end of the war, that the interpreter's work was over, and he followed the arrangement of the US military to go to WPI in Massachusetts, USA Go back to school and join the second year of the Department of Mechanical Engineering to continue your studies.

Slightly different from the Southwest Associated University, Tongji University, located in Lizhuang, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in southern Sichuan, maintains high enthusiasm for the young people joining the army.According to Wang Huanruo, a Tongji student who later went to Taiwan, recalled: "At that time, middle school students and young intellectuals from Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou joined the army. , when the signing ceremony for joining the army was held at the commemorative weekly meeting, the sound of drums was heard frequently, and everyone was gearing up, angry, and excited. Tongji students signed more than 600 people at that time, accounting for about one-third of the whole school. The number of soldiers who joined the army (most of the unsigned ones were dissuaded by their teachers due to their infirmity). At that time, the German professors who stayed in Tongji were moved to tears when they saw this formation. Will perish'! (Republic China ist nicht gestorben) 'China must be strong'! (Republic China musssich starcken)"

In addition to the students, Tongji University applicants also had several young teachers. One of them, Professor Yang Baolin, a doctor of engineering who had just returned from Germany, also enthusiastically joined the registration team. A large-scale report and publicity was carried out, which caused quite a stir in the whole country. Just when Tongji University's enrollment in the army set off an upsurge, Fu Sinian, who was handling official business in Chongqing, hurried back to Lizhuang to convene a meeting to mobilize young researchers from the Institute of History and Philology to enroll in the army.In Fu Sinian's view, the national crisis is imminent, and the most urgent responsibility and mission of the entire nation is to establish a sound personality of the people and defend the country to resist the war.Back in 1935, Japan initiated the "specialization of North China".Xiao Zhenying, who was then a member of the Jicha political affairs committee, entertained celebrities in the educational circles in Peiping in an attempt to persuade them to submit.Fu Sinian, who was present at the reception, heard the words and turned against the case. He immediately reprimanded the Xiao family for betraying the country and seeking glory, expressing firm opposition and swearing to die.Tao Xisheng, who was involved in the matter, recalled: "At Xiao Zhenying's reception, Meng Zhen fiercely and indignantly opposed the specialization of North China. This call shocked the educational circles in Peiping and launched the 'December 9th' movement. Colleagues from Peking University held a meeting in a passionate and generous atmosphere, and jointly vowed not to move south or surrender; as long as they are in Peking for one day, they still make plans for 20 years and persist until the last minute."

Since then, the chaotic atmosphere in Beiping has changed. It was also in this year that Fu Sinian's wife, Yu Dacai, was pregnant. Before the child was born, she gave her the name Fu Rengui in advance.According to the seniority of the Fu family, from Fu Sinian onwards, they are arranged with the word "Le". For example, Fu Lecheng, Fu Lehuan, Fu Leshu and other brothers and sisters of the same clan who have been studying and working with Fu Sinian follow the same example.Fu Sinian broke the rules by naming his children, not in a mysterious or unconventional manner such as "destroying the four old and establishing the four new", but with a profound meaning.According to Luo Jialun's recollection: "When it comes to the naming of smart children, there is indeed a commemorative event. One day Meng Zhen told me that my wife is about to have a baby. If the baby is a boy, I will ask him to do it." Rengui. I couldn’t think about it for a while, so I asked him, why? He said, you are wasting your study of history. Did you forget that the first person in China who was able to annihilate the Japanese soldiers in North Korea was Liu Rengui of the Tang Dynasty? From here In this historical site, the son was named in advance, what a strong national consciousness is contained in his heart." Fu Sinian believes that China's war of resistance needs to start with every person with conscience and backbone, and the government and ruling groups and countless vested Interested parties are intoxicated and dreamed of death, which makes the general public disappointed and hopeless, but the people themselves can look elsewhere. "Looking at it shallowly, it is despair, but at a deep look, it is hopeful. This hope is not in the kingdom of heaven, not in the future, but within us."At the same time, he was soberly aware that "the strength of the Chinese people lies in the potential of the three to four million peasants, not in the rulers and leaders of the big cities. The destiny of China is to survive from death, not to die because of greed for life." "Three thousand years History tells us that the Chinese nation is indestructible, and without the current situation, the nation cannot be revived.”Fu's understanding of the nation's resistance and rejuvenation power is indeed far-sighted and meticulous. He accurately penetrated the root cause of China's disease and grasped the lifeblood of victory and defeat. At that time, most of the party and state officials and self-proclaimed high-level Chinese Even the supreme leader Chiang Kai-shek didn't really realize the mystery inside, or he was aware of it but refused to admit it psychologically and deepened the estrangement.However, the Communist Party, which was in a weak position, was able to break through this mystery earlier and make use of it. In the future, the outcome of the confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the different fates are also doomed. A tragedy for the maintained Kuomintang government.

At the beginning of 1943, Fu Lede, Fu Sinian's nephew (son of Fu Syan and younger brother of Fu Lecheng), wanted to enlist in the army, and Fu Sinian expressed his support. Soon, Fu Lede went to the northern Indian battlefield with the Youth Expeditionary Army to fight against the Japanese army.Upon hearing this news, Fu Sinian sent a special letter to encourage him: "It's really a good thing for you to join the army this time. At this time, young people should always put patriotism first, set up their ambitions, and do things that are beneficial to the country. Our generation, too How self-defeating, or lazy and incompetent, it is a shame to leave this situation in the hands of your generation! I only hope that China will become a modern and peaceful country in the hands of your generation.” As a nation with a deep sense of mission While being self-effacing, the elders in the book reveal their eager expectations for this nephew and the new generation of Chinese youth. In the summer and autumn of 1944, the Japanese army besieged Hengyang, an important town in central Hunan, in order to realize the "Operation Plan No. 1".In the extremely fierce battle, the Kuomintang elite Fang Xianjue's Tenth Army was wiped out, and the national army on other battlefields also lost their divisions and lost ground.When the news reached Lizhuang, Fu Sinian was in a very heavy mood. Under the lone lamp in the mud-walled house, he spread paper and ink, and wrote the poems "Song of Righteousness" and "Praise of Clothes" by Wen Tianxiang, a famous patriotic general of the Southern Song Dynasty, for his 9-year-old son Fu Rengui. And the postscript said: "Practice the number of lines every day, and hope to recite it. If you don't understand it now, you will find the solution after a while. If you read it here, the way of being a human being is out of track and based on it. If you can't see through life and death, Then it must be trapped by life and death, so it is almost different from beasts." Before Wen Tianxiang was captured and killed, he used to hide poems in his belt, which was called "Praise of the Clothes" by later generations. In it, there are two sentences "reading the books of sages, what do you learn", which Fu Sinian often used to encourage himself.And the beginning of "Yi Dai Zan" says "Confucius said to achieve benevolence, Mencius said to obtain righteousness", which is what Confucius said "kill one's life to achieve benevolence" and Mencius said "sacrifice one's life to obtain righteousness".Fu wrote in the inscription and postscript, "The reason why (people) are different from animals" is a famous sentence from Mencius.It can be seen that Fu Sinian at this time was unswervingly committed to the way of the two great sages of Confucius and Mencius. Although he was called a young son to write a book, he was actually facing the harsh reality. Love, and the spirit of maintaining personal integrity and not hesitate to die in order to safeguard national justice. To Fu Sinian's regret, when he encouraged young scholars to join the army at the meeting of the Lizhuang Institute of History and Philology, unexpectedly no one responded.Seeing this situation, Fu further encouraged: "If you don't join the army now, after the war of resistance is over, your sons and daughters will ask you, Dad, what did you do in the war of resistance against Japan? How will you answer?" However, the extremely provocative words still did not cause waves in the hearts of the young people, and the embarrassing situation made Fu Sinian a little unhappy.After a while of silence, Fu did not force the other party to express his position, but just said, "Such a major matter cannot be decided in a short while, everyone should think about it when they go back."After finishing his speech, he announced the adjournment of the meeting, and since then, no meeting has been held to mention the matter of enlisting in the army. Perhaps due to the study of history, or after countless wind and rain experiences, the young scholars of the Institute of History and Philology have a clearer understanding of politics, the corruption of the national government, and the actions of politicians, which is completely different. The students at Tongji University, or even the nerd doctors, are as naive as Yang Baolin's.For the future of the country and the nation, they have a predictive strategy that is more realistic and can stand the test of practice.And all of this, Fu Sinian already knew it well, but it was inconvenient to put it on the table for discussion, and each of them had a tacit understanding.