Chapter 50 Section 1

The political storm at Nankai University was surging, and Peking University, the birthplace of the "Cultural Revolution", was even more turbulent and intensified.Just two months after Chen Mengjia committed suicide, Xiang Daye, one of the "Four Rightists" who kept pace with him, a famous historian, deputy director of the Second Institute of the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, professor of the History Department of Peking University and director of the library He was ordered to go to Huangquan. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Xiang Da was demobilized and returned to Peiping. The scholar who had the most contact with him and whom Xiang Da admired the most was Chen Yinke, who was dormant in the southern country.When the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are about to make a complete comeback, Xiang Da has been thinking about Chen Yinke in Lingnan, and Chen is also concerned about the fate of this old friend. In 1954, Xiang Da became the deputy director of the Second Institute of Historical Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was the result of Chen Yinke's recommendation to Beijing through Wang when Wang Guan went south to Guangzhou and persuaded his teacher to return to the north.At that time, Chen said the following to Wang: "The communication between China and the West in the Tang Dynasty is a major feature of medieval history, and Xiang Da has always studied it."Later, Xiang Da really took on the mission of organizing national-level medieval history, especially the research on the history of communication between China and the West.

Two years before the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", that is, in March 1964, Xiang Da made a special trip to Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou to pay a visit to Chen Yinke, and asked Chen Yinke for his advice on Sanskrit in his ongoing book "Notes on the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty".Because Xiang Da, who knew four foreign languages ​​at the time, was not very clear about some Sanskrit descriptions in this imperial masterpiece that occupied an important position in the history of Sino-Western transportation, and Chen Yinke, who was proficient in more than a dozen foreign languages, especially ancient Central Asian characters, was obviously better than Xiang Da. Highly skilled.This trip to the south was made by Xiang Da at his own expense. At that time, the main leaders of the academic institution where Xiang Da served did not agree to pay for him to meet a "bourgeois academic authority". And advance, finally get to go.Chen Yinke's reputation shines on the sun and the moon, and Xiang Da's reputation also crowns the academic world. The meeting between the two master historians in this humid place in Lingnan caused a shock in Sun Yat-sen University.For this reason, the History Department of CUHK took no time to arrange for Xiang Da to give an academic report on "Sixty Years of Dunhuang Studies", which was widely praised and appreciated by teachers and students, and the friendship between Chen Yinke and Xiang Da was once again sublimated .At the time of parting, Chen Yinke, who had seldom given poems to others, presented three quatrains on March 20 with a special composition "To Jueming on Jiachen and Vernal Equinox".The last of them reads:

Shaking hands and meeting Yu Lingnan again, what can I do if I am blind. Tang Neng is still in good health at eighty, and he is good at participating in the public case when he is young. Chen Yinke's dream and wish of "being healthy at eighty" turned out to be a fantasy. Not only did Xiang Da not live to see that day come, but he went ahead of Chen Yinke. Because of his previous convictions of the "Four Great Rightists" in the country, Xiang Da was listed by the Peking University rebels as the first group of "black ghosts" who boarded the "Ghost Fighting Platform" at the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", and suffered ruthless criticism, torture and humiliation It's not a problem.Different from other "black ghosts", in addition to being "pointed out" at the "Douguitai", they have to be dragged to other places for criticism.For a while, Xiang Da was ordered by the Red Guards to kneel under the poisonous sun on the narrow platform outside the balcony railing on the second floor of the history department office to accept criticism. During this period, he almost fell from the air to the ground several times and died.As a result, the site was small and it was not easy to carry out large-scale operations, and was dragged by the rebels to a spacious area on the campus for more revolutionaries to criticize.Many years later, Professor Zou Heng of the Department of History recorded the scene of Xiang Da's brutal criticism: "I will never forget that terrible morning in June 1966, when several 'rebels' were forced to shave Mr. Xiang Da with his head on the eave tiles on the second floor of the third courtyard was "flying" and "sitting" (kneeling) for several hours. Mr. Xiang always dared not (actually I can't get on) look up...Mr. Xiang is 66 years old. I saw some teachers trembling with fright, and I also felt that he was in danger, so I hid away and wept. Sure enough, since then, I have never seen him again. To Mr. Xiang Da, a master of the generation."

Originally a strong physique, Xiang Da, who "often prides himself on being a hero", secretly told his friends who came to visit secretly at this time to "don't worry about it".Reluctantly, things backfired. He, who was already seriously ill, was ordered by the rebels to collect watermelon rinds thrown all over the campus by young Red Guards from all over the country who joined Peking University after "taking a jet plane".During the pick-up process, he suddenly fainted to the ground and became unconscious. Because he was not treated in time, he suffered from severe kidney failure. At the end of September, Xiang Da and other "ghosts and snake spirits" from the Department of History were taken to Taipingzhuang, Changping County to work. The door of the dormitory was locked at night, and activities such as going out to the toilet at night were not allowed.Xiangda's kidney disease became more and more serious, his whole body was swollen, he couldn't urinate, and he rolled all over the floor in pain, feeling unceasingly miserable.Even so, the Red Guards who supervised the work were still not allowed to be sent to the hospital for treatment, but transferred to the school for "reform through labor".Postponed to November 24, a generation of historians suffocated to death in extreme pain at the age of 66.

At this time, Peking University did not stop the pace of "attacking with literature and defending with martial arts" because of the suicide and sudden death of professors such as Wang Jian, Cheng Xiance, Yu Dazhen, and Xiang Da.On the contrary, the bloody violence and the catastrophe of death intensified, and more than 500 "reactionary academic authorities" were imprisoned and reformed through labor.Every night, more than a dozen interrogation rooms on the campus of Peking University turn on the lights at the same time to start the "interrogation work".In addition to the original working group, the rebel factions stationed in Peking University successively formed a joint interrogation team. They pulled the interrogation subjects into the interrogation room, slapped and punched them first, and then began interrogation. This is a "toast".After a few words, the torture began. The main instrument of torture was a two-foot-thick copper stick wrapped in rubber. It was said that this kind of thing was far stronger than whipping, and it hurt his muscles and bones without hurting his skin.When beating, they are often stripped naked, regardless of men and women, this is called "fine wine".Such repeated torture and ravages led many "reactionary academic authorities" to commit suicide to get rid of them as soon as possible. This idea spread in Yanyuan like an infectious disease. The number of people who jumped off buildings and hanged themselves doubled, and several teaching buildings became ghosts. It is a hell on earth that is misty and misty, and the female students at school dare not approach it at night.Within a few months, 24 famous professors committed suicide in different ways. According to Peking University professor Ji Xianlin’s recollection in his later years: “Some of them jumped from very high buildings and died in pieces; Lie on the rails and die in a different place... At that time, the two professors threw themselves into the Weiming Lake. The lake was not deep. How did they drown? Thinking about it now, could it be that they were determined to die? Did you bury your head in the water up to your waist and suffocate to death? At about the same time, a professor of philosophy surnamed Fang cut off his own artery with a razor, and the blood flowed profusely. To no avail, people just watched him die a slow, painful death."

According to the statistics of later researchers, in addition to self-mutilation methods such as hanging, taking poison, and cutting the wrists, jumping into lakes and rivers has become a quite fashionable feature of the intellectual suicide methods, especially in the center of the storm, Peking University. In August 1968, Xu Shihua, a lecturer in the library department of Peking University and a member of the Communist Party of China, committed suicide by drowning himself in Xiyuan near Peking University; on the evening of October 16, Cui Xiongkun, dean of Peking University, ran away from the 28th floor of the campus, and was found dead in the campus the next morning Inside the Red Lake swimming pool.The school workers' publicity team announced to the public: "After the forensic examination, it was suicide by throwing water and exploding the lungs."

The loss of humanity and human tragedy brewed by these crazy years are just as described by Mao Mao, Deng Xiaoping’s daughter: “Peking University, the most famous university in China, has turned into a concentration camp for fascists, and turned into a bloody thug who tortured people. Here, I don’t know how many people have been wronged, wronged, rectified, and persecuted, and I don’t know how many people have been maimed and died in fighting, criticizing, and torture. A teacher can’t bear to be humiliated and abused. It would be better to die. One time is not two times, two times is not three times, three times is not four times, jumping off a building, taking medicine, cutting wrists, lying on rails, electric shock, etc., and repeatedly committing suicide. A student who opposed Nie Yuanzi was nailed They pierced the kneecaps, pierced the fingernails with bamboo sticks, cut off the phalanges with pliers, and put people in sacks and kicked them down the stairs. The thumbs of both hands were tied with steel wires and hung from the ceiling to force a confession and torture him, making him admit that he was a 'false party member' and a 'traitor'. The famous philosopher Feng Ding was also forced to commit suicide three times. The above are just examples During the "Cultural Revolution", at Peking University, three people were killed in the fighting, and more than 60 faculty members and students were persecuted to death, including famous historian Jian Bozan, famous physicist Rao Yutai and many other prestigious first-class professor."

The Jian Bozan that Maomao mentioned was the dean of the history department of Peking University, and the famous Marxist-Leninist historian Jian Lao who later served as the vice president for a time.When the fuse of the "Cultural Revolution" was ignited by Yao Wenyuan's criticism of Wu Han's "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", Jian Bozan didn't know the details of the flames, and thought he was in the period of freedom of speech ruled by the Nationalist government, so he was confused He jumped out to defend Wu Han as an ally and "fighter", and told the reporter of "Wen Wei Po" who came to interview: Yao Wenyuan's critical article was far-fetched, and his attitude was extremely rude. It was completely slandering and framing Wu Han.It didn't take long for Jian Bozan himself to be scolded as a "gang member" and "reactionary authority". In October 1968, at the Twelfth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong said in his speech that he should also give Lu Yunyun to bourgeois academic authorities.At this time, the military propaganda team stationed at Peking University quickly conveyed the "highest instruction" to Jian Bozan, who was being made to hit his head against the wall in the cowshed, and moved the Jian family to a small building in Yannanyuan to live exclusively.The couple lived upstairs, and another worker surnamed Du lived downstairs. He was responsible for monitoring while taking care of his life.The good days hadn't passed a week, and the bad luck came again. The cause was the issue of Liu Shaoqi's verdict.At this time, Liu Shaoqi, who was named the chairman of the country, had been designated as a "traitor, traitor, and scab" by default.One of the specific crimes was colluding with Chiang Kai-shek, Song Ziwen, and Chen Lifu in the 1930s, and those who dealt with Chiang and Liu during this period were Chen Xiaocen, Lu Zhenyu, and Jian Bozan.Therefore, Jian's logically became the key figure in Liu Shaoqi's task force to collect this evidence. On December 4, 1968, Wu Zhong, the deputy head of the "Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei Task Force" secretly established and controlled by Jiang Qing, the deputy political commissar of a certain division of the garrison, and several deputies went straight to Peking University's Yannan Garden aggressively, asking Jian Bo Zan made it clear that the 1935 Kuomintang-Communist Nanjing negotiations were Liu Shaoqi's betrayal of the Communist Party, and Ling Jian provided evidence.Jian said that he was getting old and couldn't remember for a while.After several conversations, Jian still couldn't explain the specific content, so Wu Zhong was furious, rushed forward, put a pistol under Jian Bozan's nostrils, and shouted: "Say it quickly, if you don't tell me, I will shoot you right away!" Jian Jian Still can't explain.Wu Zhong was so hungry that he was groaning. He wanted to find a place to eat, but before he left, he said a harsh word that he had to think of it within three days, otherwise he would be executed on the spot.In extreme fear and desperation, Jian and his wife committed suicide by taking a large amount of sleeping pills on the night of December 18, 1968.The next day, those who went to inspect found the couple lying on their backs in bed.The two wore new clothes and covered a new quilt together.After inspection, it was found that there was a note in each of the left and right pockets of Jian Bozan's Chinese tunic suit.One said: "I really can't explain (come out), and I took this dead end. I took this dead end, and Master Du didn't know it at all." The other read: "Long live Chairman Mao! Long live Chairman Mao Long live Chairman Mao!"

The other Peking University professor Rao Yutai mentioned by Mao Mao is the founder of Chinese physics, the ancestor of the mountain, and the dinosaur-level academic authority Rao Shuren, who is also known as the "Dual Heroes" or "Gemini Constellation" with Ye Qisun.As early as two months before Jian Bozan left, the Rao family had already taken the lead. Rao Yutai, courtesy name Shuren, his father, Rao Zhilin, was a Juren and Bagong student in the Qing Dynasty, and was once the head of the household department.When he was young, Rao Yutai studied the Four Books and Five Classics under the guidance of his uncle and uncle. In 1903, he entered Fuzhou Middle School to study. In 1905, he went to Shanghai alone to study in a Chinese public school. In 1911, he graduated with honors from Shanghai Nanyang Public School (the predecessor of Shanghai Jiaotong University). In 1912, he returned to Linchuan Middle School to teach for half a year. In 1913, he was admitted to study abroad at the public expense of Jiangxi Province. When he first entered the University of California, he felt uncomfortable, so he transferred to Chicago. Studying in the physics department of the university has benefited a lot. On December 18, 1917, Rao graduated from the University of Chicago, and still attended some courses at the school thereafter. In the spring of 1918, Rao went to Yale University and Princeton University, and received a Doctor of Philosophy degree from Princeton University in 1922.Ye Qisun, another Chinese physicist who is as famous as Rao, studied in the Physics Department of the University of Chicago from August 1918 to June 1920 and received a Bachelor of Science degree. In September of the same year, he transferred to Harvard University. Received a Doctor of Philosophy degree.When Rao and Ye were studying in the Department of Physics of the University of Chicago, it was the heyday of the rapid development of the physics department of this university. The founder and director of the Department of Physics, Albert Abraham Michelson (Albert Abraham Michelson) was full of energy. In the research of professional topics, we insist on offering courses for students.It was this talented physicist who designed a very ingenious device in the study of optics, that is, a fast-rotating gear and a reflector separated by a long distance, and measured every element that the world's primary and middle school students know in textbooks. The speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second.Michelson became the first American to win the Nobel Prize in 1907 for his invention of precision optical instruments and his special contribution to spectroscopy with the help of these instruments, as well as the development of isotope dating. The University of Chicago has a glorious history and tradition as a physics community Therefore, the status of "holy place" was established.Rao Yutai and Ye Qisun, two young students from ancient oriental countries, were delighted and honored to meet this famous teacher with a "holy light" on his head and to listen to his teachings.

In 1922, Rao Yutai returned to China and was hired by Zhang Boling, the president of Nankai University, to serve as a professor at Nankai University. He founded the Department of Physics and served as the head of the department.Rao's students became famous later on, including Wu Dayou, Wu Daren, Guo Yonghuai, Ma Shijun, Jiang Zehan, Shen Youzhen, Chen Shengshen, Zheng Huachi, etc. From this series of famous names, it can be seen that Rao is indeed an outstanding physicist and Teaching expert. In 1929, Rao Yutai received a grant from the Board of Directors of the China Education and Culture Foundation, and went to the Potsdam Astrophysics Laboratory of the University of Leipzig in Germany to study the Inverted Stark Effect of atomic spectral lines. In 1932, he returned to China to serve as a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Peking Research Institute. One year later, together with Feng Zuxun, Zeng Zhaolun, and Zhang Jingsheng, he was hired by Jiang Menglin, the president of Peking University, to rebuild the Peking University School of Science. Feng, Zeng, Zhang, and Rao He served as the dean of the four departments of Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology and Physics respectively.Rao Yutai hired a group of young young scholars such as Wu Dayou (theoretical physics, atomic physics), Zhu Wuhua (electrical machinery), Zhou Tongqing (gas conduction, molecular spectroscopy), Zhang Zongli (optics), Zheng Huachi (Raman spectroscopy), etc. Carry out research on atomic theory and spectral experiments.This team is basically the outstanding students trained by Rao after he established the Department of Physics in Nankai, and they are all geniuses in the field of physics.All of a sudden, Peking University University of Science and Technology gathered outstanding people, the sound and light suddenly rose, and its limelight overwhelmed the crowd.With Ye Qisun as the banner, Tsinghua University, which is known as the leader in science subjects in universities in the country, feels overwhelmed.It was because of this situation that Wu Dayou later said: The beginning of physics research in our country was only around 1931.At that time, Wang Shoujing, the head of the Physics Department of Peking University, was quite successful in the research of quantum mechanics, but he later devoted himself to the aircraft manufacturing industry. After Rao Yutai took over in 1933, he not only gathered a group of young and promising scholars, but also invited internationally renowned scientists to visit.This kind of situation where young and talented people gathered together made the research work very active at that time. There were old experts who were well-known at home and abroad, and there were also young scholars who were willing to give up the superior conditions abroad and return to China to train talents, such as Wang Zhuxi from the Department of Physics. Waiting for talents, they bring the latest international scientific research results and international advanced scientific research and invention information.Therefore, the teaching of the Department of Physics of the United Nations University at that time was close to the international level.

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Rao Yutai and his wife traveled from Ping, Tianjin, Qingdao, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Hankou to Changsha. In November, Japanese planes raided Changsha, and the situation was critical. Rao sent his wife to her mother-in-law in Shanghai for shelter. Unfortunately, his wife died of typhoid fever.Rao Yutai returned to Changsha with a sad heart, and then moved to Kunming with the university, where he became the head of the Physics Department of Southwest Associated University.At that time, Tsinghua had an absolute advantage among the various departments of the United Nations University, regardless of the number of people, family background and teaching staff. In terms of teaching staff, Peking University was also at a disadvantage, let alone Nankai University.But there is only one Department of Physics, and the strength of Peking University can completely compete with Tsinghua University, and it is even better. In terms of graduates alone, 230 people have graduated from Peking University at this time, the highest in the country, while Tsinghua University has only 53 people. .This is why most of the deans and department chairs of Southwest Associated University are concurrently held by professors from Tsinghua University, while Rao Yutai, who was born in Peking University, is in charge of the chair of the Department of Physics.Looking at ancient and modern China and foreign countries, whether it is a political, economic, and cultural complex, or an academic circle in an ivory tower, and in the competition between those who want to be the leader in this complex and academic circles, strength is the greatest capital.The School of Liberal Arts of Southwest Associated University was established in the Mengzi era. Because of Hu Shi's absence, the dean of the School of Liberal Arts of the University fell into the hands of Hu Shi's student Feng Youlan. The teachers and students of Peking University were aggrieved in front of the principal Jiang Menglin for this, and Jiang had nothing to do.Why?Although Qian Mu came forward to persuade everyone to focus on the overall situation of the War of Resistance, thus calming down the turmoil, but as far as Jiang Menglin was concerned at the time, he did not in his heart not want the professor of Peking University to hold this position concurrently.Helpless, the overall academic status of the Faculty of Liberal Arts of Peking University at that time was indeed unable to compete with the Tsinghua system headed by Chen Yinke, so it had no choice but to admit Feng Youlan's results and status as the leader. In 1940, when Kunming was under frequent air raids, the Rao family took refuge in a house with a thatched roof, mud walls, and paper windows built by Peking University in Gangtou Village, about five kilometers outside the city.Regarding this period of life, Wu Dayou recalled that "Rao married in the early 1920s, and his wife Zhu (Zhu Jingnong's sister) heard that she was mentally ill; Rao's family life was not happy. When he went to Germany in 1929, Iraq was in a domestic sanatorium. Immediately divorced. Rao returned to Pingping in 1932. He was introduced by the wife of Professor Sun Yunzhu, a professor at Peking University. He married Ms. Zhang the next year, thinking that he could enjoy the joy of the family. Shisu suffers from gastric ulcer. The characteristic of this disease is that when a person is worried, the acid in the stomach increases and the pain becomes more severe. One party is worried about the country, and the other party is widowed. This is because the stomach disease occurs when the mood is low and the disease worsens. Living in Gangtou Village, Kunming , the only disciples were Wu Dayou and his wife, so they had to bury their heads in physics classics to spend the years of the War of Resistance, which was extremely painful both physically and mentally.” Of course, this memory of Wu’s refers to the life of sheltering after school, not life. of all.Like other departments in Southwest Associated University, it was not easy for Rao to be the head of the physics department, which occupies a strong position in the school. The lives of teachers and students were very difficult, often without enough food and clothing, especially the lack of equipment. .In order to ensure the quality of teaching, Rao stipulated that he should stick to the normal practice, once a week, rain or shine.In order to avoid the Japanese air raids, Rao Yutai led the teachers and students to move the valuable instruments to the village of Da Phuket, which is more than ten miles away from Kunming City.Some instruments were placed in large iron drums, buried in the ground, taken out when in use, and then buried in large iron drums after use, so as to avoid losses caused by Japanese bombing.Under the leadership of Rao, the Department of Physics also set up a metalworking workshop with lathes and milling machines to produce spare parts and simple equipment for the laboratory. Students not only have theoretical knowledge, but also can exercise their practical ability, which greatly benefits students.As Rao himself, while taking care of the affairs of the department, he still insists on teaching and academic research, and he is very diligent in teaching, and the lecture notes are revised every year.His research papers, from 1922 to 1946, were published in American "Physical Review" journals and German "Physics" journals.Although Rao is worried about the country, the pain of losing his spouse and the relapse of stomach problems, he is usually reticent and smiles, but because he is proficient in English, German, and French, and has a good foundation in Chinese studies, he treats teachers and students warmly and has a serious attitude. Therefore, he became what Wu Dayou said "a person respected by his peers". In 1944, the U.S. State Department hired a Chinese professor to visit the U.S. Rao was honored to go to the U.S. and visited MIT, Princeton and Ohio University successively, and engaged in experimental research on molecular infrared spectroscopy at Ohio University. De Broglie (L. deBroglie)'s monograph.After the translation was completed, it was sent to Wu Dayou of the Southwest Associated University. Unfortunately, it was lost during the transfer, which was a big loss. In 1947, Rao Yutai returned to China from the United States and served as the dean of the School of Science and the head of the Department of Physics at Peking University after his demobilization after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.At this time, Hu Shi had returned to China to take charge of Peking University. Rao believed that this was the best opportunity to revive Peking University. He proposed to expand and develop the Department of Physics of Peking University, and sent a letter to invite Qian Xuesen and other physics rookies in the United States to return to China to join Peking University.In the following year, Rao Youde lent 100,000 US dollars to Peking University for the expansion of disciplines, and Hu Shi expressed his support for this, so he decided to use all the money to establish a modern physics center, and asked Wu Dayou to discuss with Wu Jianxiong and other scholars in the United States. Purchase of equipment matters.At the same time, Rao Yutai plans to invite Wu Jianxiong, Zhang Wenyu, Hu Ning, Ma Shijun and other scholars in the United States to return to China to jointly contribute their talents to the development of physics.Unfortunately, due to the sudden change in the domestic situation, this plan was not realized in time, and Qian Xuesen also failed to return to China in time due to complicated reasons.At that time, Wu Dayou, who was responsible for purchasing equipment in the United States, had a lot of money in his hands, but he couldn't do anything, so he returned all the money to the China Foundation for the future. At the end of 1948, when Hu Shi left Peiping by plane, Rao Yutai, the first academician of the Academia Sinica and the dean of the School of Science of Peking University, was naturally included in the list of the national government's plan to rescue scholars.Fu Sinian sent an urgent telegram to Director Shi Shude of the Pingjin Railway Bureau in Nanjing, and asked him to translate it to Mei Yiqi, Zheng Tianting and others, saying: "The list includes four categories: (1) The administrative leaders of various institutions, such as Mei, Li, Yuan, Chen, Hu, Zheng, He, Huo, Chu, Shen, Tang, Feng, Jie, Rao, etc." This "Rao" refers to Rao Yutai.Unexpectedly, the Rao family, who was ranked first, refused to fly south and resolutely stayed.What did he think at the time, and what made him insist on staying in Peiping despite the urgent calls from the Nationalist government?Because Rao is a taciturn person who keeps things in his heart and doesn't reveal easily, and there is no relevant written material to prove it, it is difficult for the world to figure it out.What people see is that after 1949, Rao Yutai continued to serve as a member of the Peking University School Affairs Committee, dean of the School of Science, and head of the Department of Physics.At this time, Mr. Rao was ambitious, ready to do a lot of work, and had a speech of "catching up and catching up with the world's academic level".Unexpectedly, at the beginning of 1952, the "Three Antis Movement" began, and Rao Yutai became a target. One of his most proud students accused him of "catching up with the world's academic level" at the conference, which was caused by selfish thoughts.Rao Wenting was furious and said that he could not accept this accusation, but then Tang Yongtong, the vice president of Peking University, stepped forward and criticized Rao's thinking from the same point of view. ,do not know what to do.As the movement continued to deepen, Rao Yutai's part-time positions at Peking University were all wiped out.Rao was filled with grief and anger, his old illness relapsed, and he fainted at home, and then became insane for a while, unable to distinguish cattle and horses.When his good friend, Zhu Kezhen, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, went to visit him, he saw that Rao "turned a blind eye and couldn't recognize people, but said 'why'?" Over the past few years, Rao's condition has improved slightly, and the political atmosphere has also eased. He returned to the stage to teach the electromagnetic theory of light, atomic spectroscopy, gas conduction, light interference theory, and optical-magnetic double resonance. On February 24, 1962, when Hu Shi was electing a new academician at Taiwan's "Academia Sinica" before his death, he said something like this: "I can still tell a story today. I often tell people that I am A person who knows nothing about physics, but I have two students who are physicists: one is Rao Yutai, director of the Physics Department of Peking University, and the other is Wu Ms. Jianxiong. And Wu Dayou is Rao Yutai's student, and Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao are Wu Dayou's students. Line up, Rao Yutai and Wu Jianxiong are the second generation, Wu Dayou is the third generation, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao are the fourth generation During the dinner at noon, Wu Jianxiong also said to Wu Dayou: "I am a senior, you should call me Shishu!" I think this is the most proud and proudest thing in my life." Although Hu Shi's "Algebraic Arrangement Method" is not scientific, it is not bad in general. Rao Yutai, who was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province in 1891, was originally a classmate of Hu Shi in Chinese public schools, but because Hu Shi, who was 17 or 18 years old, also worked as an English teacher for a living, Rao became Hu Shi's student.Therefore, Hu Shi said in his "Forty Self-Reports": "In terms of learning, how could I be qualified to teach English at that time? But I am a responsible person, and I am willing to work hard to prepare homework, so during this year When I was never embarrassed, the two classes I taught turned out to have several famous people: Rao Yutai (Shu Ren), Yang Quan (Xing Buddha), and Yan Zhuang (Jing Zhai), all of whom were my English students. I also took in a few English students outside the school, one of them was Zhang Xiruo. It’s a pity that none of them majored in English literature; otherwise, I would have been really 'shaking'." At this time, Hu Shi, who was standing on the podium in the Cai Yuanpei Hall of the "Academia Sinica" in Nangang, Taipei, seemed to still not be sure that his son Hu Sidu had hanged himself. He did not know that since the "Three Antis Movement", Rao Yutai He was dismissed and investigated, his spirit was severely traumatized and he was about to enter the gate of hell. When the "Cultural Revolution" began in 1966, Rao Yutai, who was already 75 years old, was still not let go. As a "reactionary academic authority" of the same level as famous professors such as Xiang Da, he was dragged into the "Ghost Fighting Platform" and humiliated. And persecution, he was forced to bend his knees, which made those who saw it unbearable to witness. On October 14, 1968, Rao Yutai, who was already seriously ill, was forced to give an oral explanation to the "revolutionary establishment". The always taciturn man said the following with tears in his eyes: "Before liberation, we saw that the motherland was backward, It is very sad to be looked down upon by foreigners. How to make China prosperous and strong? At that time, I thought about the road of saving the country through science. After liberation, I studied some original works of Marxism-Leninism and Chairman Mao’s works, and received a lot of ideological education, especially Chairman Mao’s "wholeheartedly" The thought of serving the people is the most profound education for oneself." Finally, Rao said in a sad tone: "People like us are old and useless. The burden of building the country in the future falls on you young people. " Two days later, on the 16th (Wednesday), Peking University reported that Rao Yutai died at his home at No. 41 Yannanyuan on campus.The reason for his death was unknown to those in power at Peking University at that time and for a long time afterwards, and it was not until the early 1980s that it was gradually known to the outside world.Wu Dayou, who is far away across the ocean and has been paying attention to the fate of the Rao family, made a disclosure in "Remembering Master Rao Yutai": "The chaos of the "Cultural Revolution" in the mainland in 1968 was like locusts. He was also humiliated and hanged himself in the professor’s residence of Peking University on October 16.” Regarding Rao's death, physicist Qian Linzhao once compared him with his eponymous friend Ye Qisun. Qian said: "Both of them are strong, but Mr. Rao is like glass. Although hard, it is easy to break; And Mr. Ye is like a piece of steel, not only hard, but also plasticity." Qian Linzhao is one of the late students who really understand the characters of the two masters, Rao and Ye. He died for a few years, but in terms of the tragedy of the whole life, the two are basically the same, and perhaps more will be passed, and the bitter and desolate ending is also embarrassing.