Chapter 14 Chapter Two

In order to summarize and demonstrate the achievements of the "Hu criticism movement" in multiple stages, multiple waves, forms, and levels after 1949, Beijing Sanlian Publishing Co., Ltd. was ordered to mobilize several editors to collect and compile various published Hu criticism articles and publish them one after another. A compilation of essays on "Criticism of Hu Shi's Thought" with more than 3 million words in eight books.Most of the people criticizing Hu are people from the field of culture, education and science. Among them are Guo Moruo, Hu Sheng, Ai Siqi, Jin Yuelin, Sun Dingguo, Yang Zhongjian, Wang Ruoshui, Fan Wenlan, Ji Wenfu, Hou Wailu, Chen Yusen, Feng Youlan, Shen Yinmo, Cai Shangsi, Tang Lan, Gu Jiegang, Luo Ergang, Ren Jiyu, He Qifang, Yu Guanying, Pan Maoyuan, Li Shu, Li Da, Wang Zisong, Zeng Wenjing, Chen Yuanhui, Zhou Yiliang, Yang Zhengdian, Lu Kanru, Rong Mengyuan, You Guoen, Luo Genze, Li Changzhi, Cai Yi, Wu Jingchao, Wang Yuanhua, Zhou Gucheng, He Lin, Bai Shouyi, Wang Yao, Huang Yaomian, Zhao Lisheng, Xia Nai, etc. can be described as a well-organized lineup, with remarkable achievements and spectacular results.

This move set a record for the largest number of articles published by one person since the founding of New China, and these are only "magnificent articles" that are scattered in major newspapers and periodicals, well-known and have a certain impact on society, and there are still quite a few more. Articles that appear in small areas and small circles in the form of big and small character posters and internal conversation records are not counted.According to preliminary estimates, if the latter type of text collection is added, the number of words will reach 30 million or even 50 million, and dozens of large books will be needed to hold them.Although these small-character posters or conversation records were limited to a small area and small circle, as critics of Hu and their close relationship with Hu Shi, many of them were not inferior to activists in big circles such as Li Shenzhi who claimed to be "hands-on-arms".For example, Shen Congwen, a student who was enthusiastically supported by Hu Shi and later became a famous writer and professor, was invited to talk with the "Lu Xun Biography Creation Group" of the Shanghai Film Bureau, and made the following evaluation of Hu Shi's life and academic achievements in most of his life:

Hu Shi is actually very superficial, and some of his literary insights are the same as those of several senior disciples. Sometimes he is baffled by what he publishes and what he advocates.For a while he suddenly wanted to work on "Shui Jing Zhu", and for a while he suddenly wanted to collect matchboxes.Very superficial and boring, he couldn't even read Bian Zhilin's sonnets, he never dared to think about Chinese cultural history, and he didn't have any ambitions in literature, because he didn't have much ability.He read the "History of Chinese Philosophy" by his student Feng Youlan, and was so frightened that he didn't even dare to write the second volume of his "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy".He started his business by controlling the Geng money. He is used to flattering, holding hands everywhere, dealing with British and American envoys, compradors, politicians, warlords, and bureaucrats. He has become a tyrant in the academic circle, and he is a "scholar at home and a comprador at home".

Some of his disciples, relying on the influence of his Geng money, spread across the country, such as Luo Jialun in charge of Yenching University, Fu Sinian in the research institute... Hu Shi has a birthday every year, and disciples from all over the country come to celebrate his birthday.His disciples, who wanted to use Hu Shi as a comprador to travel internationally, all praised him.At that time, Hu Shi didn't want to be an official, because being an official didn't count. If he did something good, he would come down if there was a change. receive.When Hu Shi was in Shanghai, he lived at No. 3 Jisi Feier Road. He had to meet many guests every day, many from foreign countries, and many from China. When I saw some small problems, I was very happy.In the evening, I thought it was the greatest pleasure to take out my own new poems such as "Trying Collection" from my pocket to admire myself.Once after the guests left, he took a new poem "I'm Coming" and read it under the lamp, and he was so proud that he died.

Hu Shi once joined the Rotary Club (I don’t know whether it is the "Klan Klan"). Hu Shi's wife, Jiang Shi, loved to play cards. Luo Jialun, Fu Mengzhen, Liang Shiqiu and others often went to play cards with her in order to please Hu Shi.Fu Sinian was Hu Shi's biggest lackey, and he often went home with Hu Shi to play cards with his wife.There is also Mao Zishui, who does not hesitate to go inside in order to get in.Hu Shi's ability to deal with things is not strong. When he was the principal of a Chinese public school, many students opposed him.There are many overseas Chinese in Chinese public schools, and they were very active at that time, and Chen Boer also came from there.Later, the control was very strict. If I took Lu Xun's red cover, I would be confiscated. Once I took a book by Ma Yinchu, and it was confiscated.

Li Shizeng and Hu Shi were deadly rivals, fighting for power and profit.Li Shizeng was in a group with Zhang Jingjiang, Wu Zhihui, and Zhu Jiahua. Zhu Jiahua was Zhang Jingjiang's nephew. They had Chinese, English, French, Belgian, and German in their hands.China and the United States are in the hands of Hu Shi.The two factions competed fiercely. Li Shi once had political power, and Li had Wu Zhihui's backing.I don't know if Li Shi used to be an international spy, but he is powerful in the international arena.Li Shi once wanted to mess with Hu Shi, so he deliberately published Hu Shi's note to Xuantong, which said: "My minister Hu Shi, I have something to do today, so I can't greet you."

Hu Shi and Ding Wenjiang were old friends, so Sun Chuanfang and other warlords also praised him. At that time, some warlords, even Yan Xishan, also came to praise him. They regarded him as Liang Rengong, and hoped that Hu Shi would treat them "bang Xian". What Hu Shi put forward in politics was completely copied from Britain and the United States.The Kuomintang lectured on politics, and he talked about constitutionalism, but he was scolded by the Kuomintang.He smokes cigarettes, but he can't dance. He said, "I don't dance. I can talk because it's cheap." The family employs a cook and a coachman.

Chen Yuan is a feminine person, he is silent on the surface, but works hard inside his belly.At that time, he edited "Modern Review" with Wang Shijie, Gao Yihan, Peng Xuepei and others.This person is currently working in an institution of the United Nations Culture Council in the UK.Three years ago, she had a falling out with Ling Shuhua.Ling went to Singapore to teach.They have a daughter who is an Italian translator and married an Englishman. Ling Shuhua came back not long ago, and now he is back in England.Chen Yuan doesn't have great skills, not as good as Wang Shijie.When he was publishing "New Moon", Hu Shi, Wang Zaoshi, Luo Longji, Pan Guangdan, Liang Shiqiu, etc. often held meetings together. At that time, Wen Yiduo went to teach at Wuhan University, where Wen was the dean of the (Chinese) Department of Literature.

Xu Zhimo was a playboy, unlike Liang Shiqiu, whose literary ideas were all put forward by Liang Shiqiu.I work as a sender and receiver at the "Modern Review" agency, and it costs a few yuan a month.Shao Qiwen (?) worked as an accountant there.My first novel "Saw" was published in "Yusi"... Hu Shi and Shen Congwen worked together in Shanghai China Public School in the early years, Hu was the principal and Shen was a junior teacher.Not only did Shen’s growth and later fame have a lot to do with Hu’s dedicated support, but when he was in a Chinese public school, the shy young teacher Shen Congwen crazily chased after Zhang Zhaohe, a female student who was known as the school belle, but he couldn’t win for a long time. He still relied on the then principal. With the help of Hu Shi, this beautiful and talented girl who looked like a fairy was taken down in one fell swoop.At that time, Wu Han, another student who was chasing Zhang Zhaohe closely, lost his name to Sun Shan. Looking at the shadows of Shen and Zhang, the first lovers playing hand in hand, in the shadows of flowers, he could only sigh, "What? What?!"

Before Hu Shi went into exile in the United States, Hu and Shen had maintained a good teacher-student relationship and had close contacts.Once the Hu family becomes a "running dog", Shen Congwen, who has always regarded himself as an honest "countryman", will not be so honest.In Shen's thinking, since Hu's own sons all jumped out and took the lead in shouting and beating this "running dog" Lao Tzu all the way, and Hu's disciples living in the house can live out "Two Lives", why can't I, Shen, be nervous? Then beat the side drum?Since we are talking about the topic of "Lu Xun's Biography and Creation", we have to talk about the relationship between Lu Xun and Hu Shi, and Lu Xun advocated beating the dog in the water.Therefore, at this time, Shen Congwen stood by the side of the trench and looked at the shadow of Hu Shi who had been criticized to the point where his body was covered in dirt and blood, and he began to criticize severely without mercy.

Facing the intensified campaign to criticize Hu in mainland China, until the momentum of "flaming Kungang, jade and stone will burn", the aging Hu Shi stood on the other side of the ocean and watched the fire from the other side, frowning.He seems to see the ghost of his own thoughts, still lingering on the loess continent in the Far East, and from time to time, he turns into a beautiful woman who looks like a fairy. Sleep together and depend on each other.Therefore, Hu Shi wiped away the sparse and pale messy hair that was no longer shiny, and wrote "The Anti-violence and Disinfection Power Left by the Chinese Renaissance Movement in the Past Forty Years——The Historical Significance of the Chinese Communist Party's Liquidation of Hu Shi's Thought" (unfinished manuscript), thinking that although he has lived overseas, the "Chinese Renaissance Movement" that he participated in that year was either the "New Thought Movement" or the "New Culture Movement" that he named himself. The most precious ideological heritage that has come down is "a method of studying and thinking".This method will not be destroyed in mainland China. No matter what kind of tribulations and blows it experiences, it will continue to survive, and there will be successors.The fundamental reason for the CCP to launch a large-scale "Hu Shi Thought Criticism Movement" is to eradicate and eliminate this ideological legacy that has penetrated into the hearts of liberal intellectuals. ——Hu Shi's judgment is similar to that of the initiator of the movement and "my student Mao Zedong", and it can be said that the views of heroes are alike.It's just that Hu Shi thought so in his heart at this time, but in the face of old relatives and old friends, disciples and disciples who fired guns and cannons one after another, and even wielded a mace and rode through the clouds and fog, King Huang Feng kept shouting loudly, "Old thief, take your life, today is the best time for you!" Take your dog's head" spectacle, unable to sit still like a bodhisattva in a temple, with a still mind.Especially when he watched the academic status, personality style, and a little bit of liberalism that he had worked so hard to establish for most of his life collapsed and disappeared in an instant, he was even more worried.But for those colleagues and students who only followed their lead at the beginning, now they are ruthlessly fighting back, and their mood is even more desolate and sad. become a necessity.The outside world has different opinions about Hu Shi's true mood after reading and criticizing the article. One is that Hu Shi is ashamed, angry and proud; Jiang Dongxiu, his wife with little feet, laughed and said, "Feng Youlan must be confused!" Later, she said to her assistant Hu Songping: "In a publication run by the Catholic Church, I knew that Feng Youlan had confessed his mistakes 130 times, and I confessed to myself. He is a hopeless bourgeoisie. He was a planner and bought a lot of real estate in Beiping. In 1950, he bought three large refrigerators in Honolulu and brought them back. The mainland goes into business and prepares to make a lot of money. He grows a long beard on weekdays, but he refuses to spend money on shaving his beard. In addition, Qian Duansheng, Zhu Guangqian, Shen Congwen, Hua Luogeng and others after the anti-three anti-five anti-five evils, listen to It was very painful to say." In addition to the sarcasm and sarcasm of people like Feng Youlan in the conversation, it can also be seen from the diary disclosed later that in a quiet and deserted place, Hu's inner waves are endless, and emotions intertwined with anger and sadness are fully expressed. On November 21, 1949, Hu Shi said in his diary: "I read dozens of "People's Daily" today, and the most interesting one is Tang Lan's long article "My Participation in the Party Training Class" (Aug. 29), This article is "comparable" to Fei Xiaotong's "I Attended the Conference of Representatives from All walks of life in Beiping" (Aug. 31)! Tang Lan said that he himself "requested" to attend the party training class, "I only think that this time I can join the Communist Party The party training class is extremely glorious, because this is learning. I learn from the advanced revolutionaries. This is spontaneous, not forced.' The year before last, the Academia Sinica organized the election of academicians, and only Tang Lan came to 'request' me to recommend him .It was 'spontaneous' because being elected as a Fellow was also an 'incredible honor' at the time." Critical essays on Gu Jiegang, Shen Yinmo, Cai Shangsi and others.Hu Shi made the following record after reading it on January 5, 1952: "Hu Jiajian clipped and mailed Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao from Hong Kong. There is a record of the 'Hu Shi Thought Criticism Symposium' held by "Ta Kung Pao" in Shanghai on December 2. Information. Those who attended that day were: Shen Yinmo (director of Shanghai Cultural Relics Management Committee), Gu Jiegang (professor of Shanghai University), Cai Shangsi (professor of Hujiang University), Liu Xian (professor of Fudan University), Zhang Mengwen (professor of Fudan University), Zhou Gucheng (Professor of Fudan University), Wu Ze (Professor of East China Normal University). The opening speech was given by Wang Yunsheng, editor of Ta Kung Pao. The three articles sent by Hu Jun seemed to be written and published by each of them afterwards. Cai Shangsi’s Remember that it was drafted at 3:00 am on December 11. Cai Shangsi is a mentally ill person, but when he wrote "Criticism of Hu Shi's Reactionary Thought", he referred to many books and quoted me a lot. What Jiegang said was very honest He pointed out the two points I criticized him (Shang Xiang said that "Xi Ci" made utensils, and "Lao Tzu" came from the end of the Warring States period), and they were also two points that he was really unhappy. The article by Shen Yinmo is the whole article. Lie! This man is a villain, but such obscene lies are rare!" Although Hu Shi insisted that Luo Ergang's critical article was Luo Ergang's helpless act, he couldn't let go of it. Many years later, an old editor of Sanlian Bookstore once said to Ouyang Zhesheng, a researcher of Hu Shi and a professor of history at Peking University: "The eight volumes of "Criticism of Hu Shi's Thought" were edited and published temporarily as an emergency task, because of time constraints. , the task is urgent, so I have to distribute the manuscript to the editors of the whole society to do it separately, so no editor has read these eight manuscripts from beginning to end. According to the estimation of this editor, I am afraid that only one person in the world has read these eight books. This is Hu Shi himself." The old editor's guess was roughly right. When the movement to criticize Hu Shi was in full swing, Hu Shi, who was in the United States, was immersed in his "Shui Jing Zhu" while "appreciating" the farce on the other side of the ocean and the light projected on his own shadow. Tens of thousands of shells.Later, in the ordinary apartment at No. 104, East 81st Street, New York, he patiently read the eight editions of "Criticism of Hu Shi's Thought" imported from Hong Kong.From the diary of Hu Shi published later, we can see that there are many newspaper clippings and comments after reading that Hu Shi collected in time, which proves that Hu Shi has indeed read these eight articles.But there may be another accident. According to Ouyang Zhesheng, when he visited the University of Chicago later, he learned that there was still an English doctoral dissertation on the criticism of the Hu campaign. The author was studying for a doctorate in political science at the University of Chicago. Lien Chan.I don't know if this politician and the leader of the Kuomintang who later became "the best one in a basket of rotten persimmons" (in Li Ao's words) on the isolated island of Taiwan has read all these eight books and high-level treatises? According to Tang Degang, an expert on Hu Shi and a famous historian of Columbia University in the United States, he once pointed to these books at Hu Shi’s apartment in New York and asked: “Is there no knowledge and truth in these huge works of millions of words?!” Hu Shi categorically replied: "Without academic freedom, where can we talk about learning?" When Hu Shi said this, maybe the "young boy" Tang Degang who studied abroad in the United States didn't know it, or the world had already forgotten that in the spring of 1949, Hu Shi, who was full of melancholy, was on a passenger ship bound for the United States. In the boundless twilight of dawn, I wrote the article "The Purpose of "Free China"", and "Under the Iron Curtain, newspapers have no news at all, speech complete loss of liberty".Lu Xun, who was a good friend of Hu Shih’s age and later became the opposite, said: Chinese people don’t have a good memory because “there are too many painful things in life, especially in China. If you have a good memory, you will probably be crushed to death by the heavy pain; Only those with a bad memory, the fittest survive, are still alive."Comparing the two, Hu Shi is an outlier. On April 30, 1930, Hu Shi once said in a letter to Yang Xingfo: "I remember chatting with Mr. Zhou Yucai's brothers five or six years ago. Change it like this: Tang Seng took the scriptures and went back to the Tongtian River. He dreamed that the Yellow Wind King and other demons were demanding his life. Tang Seng woke up and asked three apprentices to ride the clouds to send the scriptures back to Tangtu, but he himself recited the mantra. He summoned all the souls who wanted to eat a piece of Tang Seng's meat to prolong their lives for three thousand years. He cut off the meat from his body and gave it to them to eat. After the donation is over, he has also become a righteous fruit. This is the most in line with the Buddhist spirit." Next, Hu Shi used this example to describe his own experience: "I have been scolded for more than ten years, and I never resent the people who scolded me. Sometimes they scolded me inappropriately, but I was anxious for them. Sometimes they scolded too much. , instead of damaging the personality of the scolder, I am uneasy to replace them. If scolding me is beneficial to the scolder, it means that I am indirectly indebted to him, and I am naturally willing to be scolded. If someone says that eating a piece of Hu Shi's meat can prolong life After a year and a half, I would be willing to cut it off and give it to him, and bless him.” Finally, Hu Shi said, “This shows my attitude towards such matters. As for friends’ criticisms, I welcome them even more.” Having said that, in the face of former relatives, old friends, colleagues, and disciples turning against each other in the political turmoil, Hu Shi has a kind of sadness of "what is a person" that lingers in his heart. , The body also collapsed with the torment of the mind.