Chapter 52 3. Anti-Union Generals from Tsinghua University

On August 28, 1937, near Donglaomaotun, Fujin County, Heilongjiang Province, a small unit of the 11th Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army and the local Puppet Manchukuo had a small-scale battle, each with several casualties The two sides quickly disengaged.At this time, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident had occurred for one and a half months. From North China to Central China, battles involving tens of thousands of people were happening every day on various battlefields. Therefore, this battle was hardly noticed in the history of the war between China and Japan. However, this battle may be permanently etched in the heart of the quiet wife Liu Xiangshu in the photo.

In the photo, her husband, Zhang Jiazhou, a famous general of the Anti-Union Army, died in this encounter on the way to the headquarters of the Eleventh Army. Because the enemy army set up an ambush in advance, they took the lead in attacking with random guns. At the beginning of the battle, Zhang Jiazhou, who was walking in the middle of the team, was unfortunately shot in the abdomen.After being injured, Li Jingyin, chief of staff of the Independent Division of the 11th Army, searched for his injuries. He still smiled calmly and told Li that his belt had been broken, saying that he was fine.But after the battle, Zhang Jiazhou finally died unfortunately due to his serious injuries.

A red senior general who died in the front line of the Anti-Japanese War left behind this photo of suit and glasses, which made people question Zhang Jiazhou's identity—he seemed more like a scholar. It is true that Zhang Jiazhou was indeed a scholar. The name of this alumnus who died in Heishui is engraved on the "Tsinghua Heroes" monument at Tsinghua University and the "Peking University Revolutionary Martyrs Monument" at Peking University. Zhang Jiazhou did not obtain a diploma from either of the two schools, so why did his name appear in the lists of the two top universities in our country at the same time?According to a friend of mine whose pseudonym is the old man of the Yellow River, Zhang Jiazhou is a rare "examination bully" in my country's exam-oriented education.

This person, when he was in middle school, easily passed the Qiqihar Provincial Advanced Industrial School, which is the first-class in Northeast China, and his grades were the first in Heilongjiang Province.The provincial champion was so appreciated by the principal at the time because of his excellent grades that he was included in the list of studying abroad at public expense. But the first characteristic of Zhang Jiazhou is that he can take exams, and the second characteristic is that he is especially able to organize student movements. In 1926, he organized a student strike while he was at school and was arrested.People in the education field cherished this talent very much and wrote to plead for mercy.But Wu Junsheng, the ruling military governor of Heilongjiang, has his own unique logic.Knowing well that a scholar's rebellion was not just a three-year failure, this rude and uneducated old military officer "wisely" not only canceled Zhang Jiazhou's qualifications to study abroad, but also insisted on arresting him and imprisoning him.In fact, this is not the first time he has been involved in a student movement. Zhang Jiazhou came into contact with Bolshevism in 1923. In middle school, he was expelled from the school twice because of his participation in the parade against the military conscription among the students.

Fortunately, Shifeng still respected cultural people at that time. After Zhang Jiazhou was released from prison, he finally graduated from the provincial advanced industrial school.Zhang Jiazhou didn't seem to care much about this diploma. He went to Peiping, studied in the preparatory course of Peking University, and joined the Communist Party in 1929.At that time, the Communist Party's student movement was very heavy work, so of course Zhang Jiazhou had to be admitted to Peking University in order to be active. Is Peking University so easy to take the exam?For Zhang Jiazhou, it was like walking on the ground. In 1929, he entered the Department of Physics of Peking University with an excellent grade of second place.Therefore, Peking University recognized him as an alumni.However, in 1930, Zhang Jiazhou "returned to his old ways" and was arrested and imprisoned during a student movement.

After the management was released from prison, the organization focused on the student movement at Tsinghua University, and the focus of work shifted to liberal arts students.Therefore, Zhang Jiazhou was ordered to re-enter Tsinghua University. Can you pass the exam? Isn't it Tsinghua University?Later, the commander of the Red Army (Zhang Jiazhou was the commander of the 36th Red Army) was admitted to the Department of Political Science of Tsinghua University with "excellent grades". Come on, the Department of Politics is a liberal arts department, Zhang Jiazhou turned out to be a science student!

In the face of "Kaoba", there is no distinction between arts and sciences. It is said that Zhang Jiazhou had the experience of many generations of revolutionary or non-revolutionary comrades in the college entrance examination, and the results were all regardless of the subjects. When Zhang Jiazhou was in Tsinghua University, he served as the head of the propaganda department of the Beiping Municipal Party Committee and once acted as the Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee.But most of the time, he was still active in the front line, partnering with Hu Qiaomu in the student movement, and achieved outstanding results. He was called "the two talents of Tsinghua University, Zhang Jiazhou is good at speaking, and Hu Qiaomu is good at writing".

But it was such a talented man who was the best at taking exams. After the "September 18th", he led six college students who were also from the Northeast as him in early 1932. Under Zhou Enlai's direct assignment, he returned to his hometown of Bayan with two pistols and launched Anti-Japanese armed uprising.The anti-Japanese armed Bayan guerrillas he led were the first anti-Japanese armed forces mastered by the CCP after the "September 18th". In just a few months, they developed into the Red Thirty-six Army consisting of 4,500 cavalry and four regiments. , Captured two counties, Bayan and Dongshan successively.The army is led by Zhang Jiazhou as the commander, Zhao Shangzhi as the chief of staff, and Yu Tianfang as the chief of intelligence.

It is unimaginable that this top student from Tsinghua University often left a deep impression on both the enemy and us because of his frequent leaping horses and swords in battle, and took the lead. He was nicknamed "Big Zhang" and "Big Tank Zhang".From the wedding photos of Zhang Jiazhou and Liu Xiangshu, it can be seen that Zhang Jiazhou is tall.People recalled that his image at that time was "wearing a grass-green suit, with a cloak on his shoulders, and riding a yellow horse with white flowers". It is worth mentioning that because of the large number of college students (many of whom died in the battle), the army was called the "college student team" when it first started.And because the puppet Manchukuo ruled area was disgusted and even hated the Japanese occupying forces from top to bottom at that time, when they revolted, the puppet Bayan county magistrate did not actively suppress them, but there was one condition - Zhang Jiazhou could not stay. !

It turned out that when Zhang Jiazhou was studying at Tsinghua University in 1930, when he returned home during the summer vacation, he instigated the local people to petition Wan Fulin, the chairman of Heilongjiang Province, to dismiss the former Bayan county magistrate who was corrupt, perverted the law, and deceived the people.A county magistrate was killed in one summer vacation. The pseudo-Bayan county magistrate beat Zhang Jiazhou not because he resisted the Japanese, but because this guy missed his black hat. It is a pity that the Red Thirty-six Army later lost local support and eventually failed under the tossing of Wang Mingkangsheng's extreme "Left" line.Zhang Jiazhou, who opposed the extreme "left" line, and Zhao Shangzhi were "expelled from the party" instead-in fact, because Zhang Jiazhou's relationship was in North China, this kind of punishment could not take effect at all.Zhang continued his anti-Japanese work. Under the arrangement of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee, Zhang secretly infiltrated the pseudo-Sanjiang Provincial Department of Education, and was later promoted to the post of director of the pseudo-Fujin Education Bureau.He even tried his best locally to assist the 11th Anti-Japanese Army to establish the largest arsenal of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army. The factory has machine tools and can even manufacture submachine guns.Later, due to changes in the situation, the organization transferred him and Yu Tianfang, who was also engaged in underground activities in Fujin, to serve in the 11th Army of the Anti-Union Army.On the way to the military headquarters, Zhang Jiazhou unfortunately died in the aforementioned encounter, but the 10,000 rounds of bullets, 100 guns, and a radio station he brought out were safely delivered to the troops.

After the "September 18th" Incident, in line with the nationwide outcry for anti-Japanese war, the Communist Party dispatched elite personnel from all over the country to the Northeast to join the anti-Japanese war. Therefore, among the senior generals of the Anti-Japanese Alliance, many of them were highly educated.Zhang Jiazhou was not the only Tsinghua student in the Anti-League. When Zhang Jiazhou went north from Beiping to fight against Japan, what was waiting for him in Harbin was his Tsinghua alumnus Feng Zhongyun. Disciple, Zhenger Bajing can be regarded as the senior of Hua Luogeng, the later director of the Institute of Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was this student who might have conquered Goldbach's conjecture who chose an iron-blooded journey.Because of the "September 18th" Incident, Feng Zhongyun was ordered to go to the northeast to engage in anti-Japanese activities.Initially, his scope of work was urban and underground activities, but with the heavy casualties of the anti-union military generals in the brutal battle, Feng Zhongyun also had to enter the field of military command, and he was out of control, and later became the Third Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army political commissar.He has been seriously injured, and has been on the line of life and death many times, but he does not lose the elegance of Tsinghua students on the battlefield-his subordinates remember that Feng Zhongyun would often sing a song between battles, the lyrics were written by himself, the full text It is as follows: "Joining the army, leaving home when I was young; missing my parents, returning to the emptiness and desolation. My family is ashes, spring grass is growing on the tomb, and my sister is exiled in a foreign land. Brother Zhongyun and sister Xue Wen; ten years ago, they lived together on Sun Island. Songhua On the river, riding the wind and breaking the waves, after parting, the love is broken. The wind is miserable, and the snow is falling; the night is hazy, and the jackdaws are looking for their nests. Can my sister hear the singing? I am homeless in the boundless world." Xue Wen is his wife At that time, the female soldier Li Min once asked him if he sang this song because he missed his wife.Feng Zhongyun said without hesitation: "Yes." Feng Zhongyun, political commissar of the Third Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, later served as the director of the National Library of China. He and Yu Tianfang mentioned below were persecuted to death during the "Cultural Revolution", and were not rehabilitated until after the "Cultural Revolution". After the war, the two who survived the catastrophe reunited, and their daughter, who was only four months apart when they were separated, was already 12 years old.China has one less mathematician, but one more Confucian general who was on the bloody battlefield. The more legendary one is probably the scholar-like young man in the photo below. He was one of the seven students who followed Zhang Jiazhou back to the Northeast to join the war of resistance in 1932——Yu Tianfang. Yu Tianfang, from Heilongjiang, formerly known as Yu Jiugong, and Zhang Jiazhou are good partners of Jiao Bulimeng and Meng Bulijiao.He was a classmate from Qiqihar Industrial School.Then there was a student movement together, and they went south to Beiping together.Unlike Zhang Jiazhou, Yu Tianfang did not have the experience of going from Peking University to Tsinghua University. He was directly admitted to Tsinghua University in 1929, and his grades were the first among all Heilongjiang candidates—it can be regarded as a pocket exam master.In Tsinghua, Yu Tianfang was introduced by Zhang Jiazhou to join the party, and served as the secretary of the party branch of Tsinghua University before going to the Northeast. He and Zhang Jiazhou co-founded the Red Thirty-sixth Army and served as the chief of the army's intelligence department. After the army's defeat and disintegration, he and Zhang Jiazhou engaged in underground work in Fujin. In 1937, he and Zhang Jiazhou were transferred to the Eleventh Army of the Anti-Union Army. After Zhang Jiazhou died, Yu Tianfang served as the director of the political department of the first division of the army, and moved to Fujin, Suibin, Qixinglazi and other places.After Qi Zhizhong, the commander of the army, was mistakenly killed, the 11th Army was incorporated into the Third Route Army. Changing from a scholar to a general was already a miracle, but what was even more surprising was that he made history for Yu Tianfang.By 1941, the main force of the Anti-Japanese Alliance had to withdraw to the Soviet Union due to heavy damage and excessive pressure from the enemy. After a rest, they returned to China in small groups to attack the enemy.Most of the anti-union forces staying in the Northeast were defeated by the brutal Japanese raid.The anti-union left behind troops that have persisted for the longest time in the Northeast is the Sixth Detachment of the Anti-Union Third Route Army led by Yu Tianfang.Yu Tianfang's secret is to hide his troops on the mountain, emphasizing flexible fighting or transfer.He pretended to be hiding in Song Wanjin Village under the control of the Japanese and puppets, and vigorously developed the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association in the surrounding areas, and obtained the most timely information at any time so that the troops could deal with the enemy's crusade.This set of effective fighting methods enabled the Ministry to persist in the Northeast until December 1944, when Yu Tianfang was arrested because of the traitor's informant.At this time, the Northeast has been occupied for 13 years. However, Yu Tianfang's legend is not over yet.After he was captured by the enemy, this old guerrilla, who had studied at Tsinghua University, actually planned carefully in July 1945 to kill the Japanese guards and escape from prison!The process of Yu Tianfang’s escape from prison was confirmed by the interrogation of Japanese war criminals Nakanishi Masae and others by Kang Zeng, Director of the Pre-trial Division of the Heilongjiang Provincial Public Security Bureau after the war. Yu Tianfang is the highest-ranking member of the Anti-Union Army who successfully escaped from prison. Zhang Jiazhou's wife, Liu Xiangwen, has been living a single life since his death. Even though she was slandered as a traitor during the "Cultural Revolution" and her bandit wife was beaten and disabled, she never changed her belief.A reporter once asked her why she didn't start her life again. Her answer was: "He is so outstanding. I have never seen anyone like him in my life." A generation of arrogance, who promised the country with his body, can't be evaluated other than that.