Chapter 4 1. Outline of Northeast Army regular army resistance

Different from the general belief that the Northeast Army adopted a policy of non-resistance, in fact, during the Japanese occupation of Northeast China, there were many people who stood up and resisted from various departments of the Northeast Army. It existed in Northeast China until 1933. During the "September 18th" Incident, the regular army of the Nationalist Government in the Northeast was the "Northeast Frontier Defense Army" under Zhang Xueliang. The main force was in Liaoning, with about 200,000 troops. , and the Japanese army fought fiercely in Baiqibao and other places on the front line of Jinzhou, and once repelled the Japanese attack.However, due to the compromise and concession of the Nationalist Government, the Northeast Army finally determined the policy of non-resistance, and the regular troops of various ministries in Liaoning retreated into the pass in early 1932.The Japanese army occupied Shanhaiguan Pass after a fierce battle and controlled the key to enter the pass.The Jilin garrison has a strength of about 50,000. After the "September 18th" incident, it actively resisted the Japanese invasion in Nanling and other places. However, because the garrison general Xiqia surrendered to the enemy, the army split. The resistance force retreated to the vicinity of Harbin, and joined forces with Yilan guard Li Du and others to fight against it. After Harbin fell, it retreated to Jidong, resisting the eastward attacks of the Japanese army one by one.

Heilongjiang Province has about 20,000 troops, the least number of people, and the worst equipment. However, because Ma Zhanshan pledged to fight against the Japanese army and commanded the provincial defense forces to fight the Japanese army repeatedly between Jiangqiao and Qiqihar, the provincial capital, Heilongjiang Province has the largest resistance in the war. Once held the Nenjiang line of defense.But after the Japanese army increased their troops and attacked again, Qiqihar finally fell.Afterwards, Ma Zhanshan led the provincial government back to Helen, and Hulunbeier guard Su Bingwen retreated to Zhalantun.At this time, the Japanese army had supported the Puppet Manchukuo. In mid-1932, Ma Zhanshan once expressed cooperation with the Japanese army, but soon resumed the incident.

Although the Northeast Army has many officers and soldiers who are brave enough to resist the war, due to the confusion of guiding ideology and the lack of support in the pass, many high-ranking officers such as Zhang Jinghui, Zhang Haipeng, and Yu Zhishan chose to join the Japanese army and became effective accomplices for the Japanese army to capture all parts of the Northeast.By the end of 1932, Su Bingwen was defeated in Hulunbuir and retreated to the Soviet Union. The resistance of the regular army of the Northeast Army had come to an end. Although Ma Zhanshan and others were still insisting on the war of resistance, they had already left the command system of the Northeast Army and turned into a volunteer army.