Chapter 6 Chapter 3 Dark Little World
Guilty for life
A member of the former Unit 731 who retreated from the bungalow wrote the following 17 haikus about his experience more than 20 years after his defeat in the war:
one
Frozen Flesh Wounds,
Youxiang brush painting,
His hands trembled.
two
Gazing at "Maruta",
Hands are as cold as ice,
Cracked flesh and bones exposed.
three
live anatomy,
Bloody flesh on the scalpel,
Blood clotted into balls.
Four
The scorching sun shines in the sky,
Handcuffs and fetters tightly bound,
The sound of the lock shook the building and wept.
Fives
jailbreak for survival,
Swords and guns are pressing on people,
Liberate and sacrifice for life.
six
Anti-imperialist will is high,
A blood oath is left on the wall,
buried in the fire.
seven
The devil is afraid of accusations,
Hastily threw the dead body into the fire,
Grease stinks.
Eight
lifelong guilt,
Virus fleas attack people,
Suck blood to make disease.
Nine
The lion roared,
The devil doctor is struggling,
Drenched in sweat.
ten
The building is on fire,
The devil's white tower mark wants to disappear,
The ghost dream came to nothing.
eleven
His face was full of mud and sweat,
Desperate trucks run across the field,
Flee south quickly.
twelve
The tunnel is stuffy and dark,
Sweat and coal dust all over the body,
Friends in trouble in the car are worried.
Thirteen
everything turned to ashes,
Hearing the news of defeat on the way to escape,
The truck howled.
fourteen
fly across borders,
Peace of mind and peace of mind,
Busy wiping sweat.
fifteen
It's hot and stuffy in summer,
Sitting around each other sweating profusely,
Talk about Busan night.
sixteen
Back home by boat,
Leaning on the railing and pointing to Xianzaki Port,
The new green seeps into the hearts of the people.
seventeen
quietly,
The black stele is silent and neutral,
It's cold under the Wulun Pagoda.
According to the former military personnel, when he first attended the haiku meeting, he published several of them, but the meaning of the haiku was hardly understood by the participants.Now let me replace the author to do a "problem solution"!
The first and second songs of "Frozen Flesh Injury" and "Gaze at 'Malutai'...Flesh and Bones" are based on the cruel frostbite experiment conducted by the 731 unit Yoshimura Squad.It is estimated that readers have already understood this point.
The fourth song "Shooting Sun in the Sky..." describes the scene when "Maruta" in handcuffs and shackles was escorted to Unit 731.
The meaning of the sixth stanza "The anti-imperialist will is high, and the blood oath is left on the wall..." will be described in detail later. When Unit 731 began to retreat and collapse on August 9, 1945, they found slogans such as "Down with Japanese imperialism" and "Long live the Communist Party of China" written in blood on the walls of the single cells in the special prison.
The seventh song, "Smell of Grease" describes the scene of burning the slaughtered "Marutai" corpse during the retreat.
The eighth song "Lifelong Guilt..." is obviously describing the repeated infection experiments with plague fleas in Anda's special experimental field.
The ninth song "The Lion Roars..." is written by Lieutenant General Ishii Shiro, the commander of Unit 731.Although I wrote this documentary on the premise that I did not discuss the personal responsibility of the troops, as for the personal issue of Captain Ishii, as the founder of Unit 731, as a symbol, in order to explain the essence of Unit 731, I have to mention him personally.
The tenth song "The building is burning..." still describes the evacuation operation that started on August 9."The face is full of mud and sweat..." in the eleventh song, "the tunnel is stuffy and dark..." in the twelfth song, "everything turns to ashes..." in the thirteenth song, "flying across the border" in the fourteenth song border...", and the fifteenth and sixteenth capitals are written that the 731 troops withdrew from the bungalows and crossed the border between China and North Korea. The scene of escape in front of the Japanese port.There are many episodes hidden in the escape process.
The last song is "Duomo is quiet, the black stele is silent and the wind is neutral, and the five round tower is cold".The meaning of this poem is profound.
At the end of the war, although Unit 731 was disbanded, after the war, the personnel of the unit still kept in touch. They established various comrades-in-arms associations, and held a national conference every year to relive the "old friendship". In 1958, a "spirit tower" was built at the Tama Cemetery in Tokyo in order to worship the spirits of the dead army personnel.No one's name was engraved on this "spirit tower", only a few Sanskrit characters were inscribed on the black stele. Besides, there was no sign explaining the meaning of building the "tower". Knowing the origin of the tower, it was quietly built in this cemetery.From the perspective of haiku, this strange tower is written.
It is true that no matter which haiku you look at, the meaning carved inside is profound and heavy.His artistic conception far exceeds the comprehension of those haiku who are used to attaching importance to the language of seasons and singing flowers, birds, love and moon.Of these seventeen haikus, I noticed the fifth:
jailbreak for survival,
Swords and guns are pressing on people,
Liberate and sacrifice for life.
What is the meaning of this haiku?Judging from the sentence "Prison Break", it is estimated that it is about what happened in the special prison of Unit 731 - "Marutai" hut.
prison Break--
This is actually a special prison where not even one person can survive under strict security.The "Maruta" imprisoned here lived in a terrible situation where three people were massacred in two days. They risked their limited lives and bravely resisted.
The largest one was the "Marutai" riot in early June 1945 on the eve of the end of the war.
The picture below is a schematic diagram of the second floor of the special prison of Unit 731.This picture was redrawn through the joint work of the original army personnel many times.
The special prisons called "Building No. 7" and "Building No. 8" in the army are independent two-story reinforced concrete buildings, which are composed of more than 20 single cells and group cells.
Single cells are separated by solid concrete walls 40 centimeters thick and iron gates.The entire row of single cells is surrounded by a wide corridor with glass windows.
Going out from the corridor, you have to go through the stairs on the right in the picture.Between the corridor and the stairs, there is a door made of thick steel plates.Sometimes "Maruta" was allowed to go out to let the wind go, and those who came out of the single cell were tied together in a string, passed through the iron gate, walked down the stairs, and then entered the "inner courtyard".
The "inner courtyard" is quite large and has a lawn. In a corner of the inner courtyard of "Building No. 7", there is still an open space for the stadium that has not yet been built, allowing "Marutai" to play sports.The so-called sports are mowing the lawn, pulling weeds or picking up stones on the field, and repairing the gutters of the special prison.
"Maruta" faces the thick concrete wall all day long, waiting for death to come.For them, this kind of "sport" that can directly contact the outside air and walk on the land can relax their minds!
However, "Maruta" who came to the "inner courtyard" knew that there was no possibility of escaping from Unit 731, so he would definitely feel even more desperate.Because the "inner courtyard" is surrounded by the tall outer walls of the "Kou" building, it is a sealed space.Even if one somehow breaks through the iron door of the single cell and enters the corridor, it will still be blocked by the solid iron door that separates the corridor from the outside world.Even though the iron gate was opened and the stairs went down to the "inner courtyard", there was no exit anywhere in the "inner courtyard".Indeed, the environment surrounding "Maruta" is hopeless, and there is not even any hope that leads to it.They considered the possibility of "Maruta" escaping from prison, and the "Kou" building surrounding the "inner courtyard" had no exits, the walls were built very high, and the glass windows were opened very high above the second floor.
The ad hoc prisons "Building No. 7" and "Building No. 8" are symmetrically built on the left and right sides. "Building No. 8" is mainly used to detain the female "Maruta".
The special prison is managed by the special squad of Unit 731.The squad leader of the special squad is Gango, the older brother of the commander Shiro Ishii.Lieutenant General Shiro Ishii has three older brothers.Except for the deceased Huxiong, the three Ishii brothers hold all important positions in Unit 731.According to former army personnel, there are about 50 special squad members in charge of managing the "Maruta" hut, including guards, guards, cooking and affairs personnel.
Almost all members of the special class are the Ishii brothers and their fellow villagers—young men from the countryside near Zhishan Town, Sanbu County, Chiba Prefecture. Ishii brought them out.Lieutenant General Ishii military doctor was worried about exposing the secrets of the special prison, so he used his relatives and friends to take precautions.
Those who can enter and leave the special prison, even including members of Unit 731, are very limited. The "Marutai" hut is the secret area of Unit 731, a dark world full of blood.
"On both sides of the first floor of the main building leading to Buildings 7 and 8, at the iron gate leading to the 'inner courtyard' from the cell, there are special shift personnel armed with rifles and hexagonal sticks on duty 24 hours a day to monitor ...In the army, the 'Maruta' hut, where various discussions and rumors took place, aroused the curiosity of many people. When passing by the central corridor, they always wanted to take a look inside, but they would immediately hear 'Don't look around! ’ reprimand... We always suppressed our curiosity and trotted forward through the central corridor. Later, when a riot broke out in ‘Malutai’, even many troops scrambled to serve as emergency guards, because 'If you lose this opportunity, it will be difficult to see the situation in the prison'." Said a former soldier.
The biggest difficulty I encountered when writing this documentary was how to find out the actual situation inside the special prison, because almost none of the former army personnel had entered Building 7 or Building 8, and the former special class personnel who were most familiar with the situation were all Stubbornly refusing to testify and not to be interviewed.
"These matters involve the military secrets of His Excellency Shiro Ishii, and it is strictly forbidden to spread them outside." They said in unison.
These people have been keeping their mouths shut and cannot be approached.Today, 36 years after the war, Lieutenant General Ishii, who is still considered dead, is still "Your Excellency" in the consciousness of the former army personnel. "Military secrets" live on and are still in play.
"The old man (referring to Lieutenant General Ishii Shiro, the military doctor) is the young master of a landowner in Chiba Prefecture and a top graduate from Kyoto Imperial University... When the old man established the 731 Unit in the bungalow, the most troublesome thing was how to keep the secrets of the prison... Attention the old man Seeing the existence of their own tenants and the second and third children who were born as poor peasants in the village, they were brought from the inland (Japan) to Manchuria... Before the war, in the eyes of tenants and poor peasants, the landlord was the lord and the elder in the village. The old man took full advantage of their sense of fellow countrymen, pieced them together to form a special class, and at the same time used the unbelievably high wages of farmers at that time as a bait to try to keep the secret. their mouths."
This is the testimony of a former army member who once taught at a certain university.Many former troops knew that Captain Shiro Ishii did not pay much attention to the education and knowledge level of the special class personnel. "Loyal to the mission, tight-lipped, and physically fit" are the "dispositions" required of special class personnel.
General personnel in the army are promoted to civilian positions in the order of servant → employee → appointed officer according to the number of years of service and qualifications.Compared with them, many of the members of the special class became commissioned officers after the probationary and internship stages with fighting and shooting training as the main content, which is a kind of rapid promotion.In view of the fact that the special class personnel have special tasks to manage "Maruta", considering its danger, in addition to the monthly salary, an additional hazard pay equivalent to about 70% of the salary is also issued.
"Ishii's special class is divided into two parts: raising animals and managing 'Marutai'...Short and fat people are assigned to the animal class; tall and strong people are assigned to manage 'Marutai', among them Most of them can't write, do arithmetic, and can't even record the accounts of 'Malutai', so we must select appropriate talents from other classes and assign them to the special class affairs department to make up for it." A related person said the staff.
"Because most of the members of the special class are young people from the countryside, some of them are simple and timid, so they have been given 'special training aimed at increasing courage'. What is the so-called special training? It is to beat 'horse to death' with a hexagonal stick." At the beginning, the trainees were trembling with fear, but soon they learned not to treat 'Maruta' as a human being but as an experimental material. The high salary that I didn’t dare to think of, I can send high remittances to my parents, and I can also earn tuition fees for younger siblings. For the special class personnel, the old man is the savior, and the 731 unit is a cash cow.”
There is a large room that communicates with the "inner courtyard" that surrounds Building 7 and Building 8.There are desks and blackboards inside, and this is where the special classes work.
White chalk on the blackboard sometimes writes and sometimes erases three-digit numbers and the following text:
On X, X, XXX (number), used by Ishikawa class, pathological experiment. XXX, join the team to use, K attack. XXX, used by Takahashi class, P attack. XXX, XXX, XXX, Tabe class. X day, XXX, Yoshimura class...
The "K attack" written on the blackboard is the cholera experiment, and the "P attack" is the injection of plague bacteria.Through contact with various research laboratories, the special class wrote down the scheduled schedule of living body experiments on the blackboard in advance, even "Maruta" could not understand this massacre that was more terrifying than the death penalty and did not treat people as human beings Schedules.
According to the memory of the former army personnel, the core part of the special prison is located on the second floor of Building 7 and Building 8.
Because the first floor has always been used as a collective cell for temporary accommodation of "Malutai" living together, compared with the first floor with two rows of cells and a corridor in the middle, the second floor is a single cell for experiments.
In order to collect live experiment data on bacteria and chemical poisons, it is necessary to observe "Maruta" carefully.This is the reason why the twelve rooms on the second floor of the special prison are used as single cells.
On the front door of each single cell, there is a peep window that can be opened and closed.Troop personnel observe and collect information through the viewing window.
The special class staff, with the "sent people" from the research rooms of each class, inspected the single cells on the second floor every morning and evening.They called out the number of "Maruta" through the viewing window, telling them to stick out their handcuffed wrists.Wearing white clothes (white overalls that are common in hospitals and other places) and masks, the Okamoto class research staff grasped "Maruta"'s wrist to test his pulse, and also used a thermometer to measure his body temperature.
The "sent people" and the special class personnel with rifles on their shoulders and hexagonal sticks in their hands jointly patrol the corridors, which is a special scene that can only be seen in special prisons.
Due to the results of in vivo experiments, sometimes "Maruta" can't stand up and walk, and even if he calls his number, he still lies still.At this time, the "sent people" and the special class personnel entered the single cell.
"All the 'Maruta' held in single cells are handcuffed. Some 'Maruta' are very resistant, protesting loudly and going on hunger strike. This kind of 'Maruta' are not only handcuffed , plus ankle shackles. When a former Soviet Red Army soldier 'Malutai' saw the guards and researchers, he put on handcuffs and made a machine gun shooting posture, shouting 'ta, da, da' repeatedly, making continuous The way it shoots, and then, glares at us. This 'maruta' is quickly used for experimentation."
The testimonies given by former army personnel are vivid.Based on the situation discussed by the former army personnel, the total number of "Marutai" detained in Building 7 and Building 8 is often around 80 to 100 at most.There are usually 40 people in each building, and sometimes 50 people.A question arises here: According to the testimony of the defendant Kawashima at the Khabarovsk military court where Unit 731 was tried, the number of detainees in "Marutai" is often kept at two or three hundred. If the actual detaining capacity of Building No. 8 is 80 to 100 people, isn’t there a big “disparity” from the 200 to 300 people mentioned in the Khabarovsk Military Tribunal?In Unit 731, besides special prisons, are there other shelters?Regarding this question, later, some people also testified that there is a basement in the special prison.Whether it is true has not been confirmed.
"No, the special prisons of Unit 731 only have Buildings 7 and 8. However, since 'Marutai' is consumed quickly like boiling water, personnel must be constantly replenished. I heard that in Bungalow and Harbin Between cities, a little closer to Harbin, there is a special concentration camp called "Maruta" near the Harbin Shrine. I remember that concentration camp has always been called "Send to Death Field" (transliteration), and I don't know which words to write. Concentration camp There are often about 300 'Malutai' detained here. When the experimental materials are insufficient, they are immediately escorted from the concentration camp to Unit 731. When escorting, they use a black and blue car without windows. This car is like the current The size of a two-ton refrigerated truck is the same. Escorting 'Malutai' from the concentration camp is carried out at night in principle, and every time it is greeted by the gendarmerie."
"Several members of Unit 731 have heard that there is a special concentration camp for 'Malutai' in Harbin. But they don't know the actual situation there. Because of the management of the special prison and the escort of 'Marutai', Different organizations are in charge of it. The management of the prison is in charge of the special squad; the escort of 'Malutai' from the concentration camp is in charge of the Harbin Gendarmerie headquarters."
"Except for some of the 'Malutai' who were detained in the concentration camp, they did not wear handcuffs or shackles, and they paid special attention not to show signs that they would be sent to Unit 731. There are also Chinese youths in the 'Marutai'. They heard that here But he helped to find a job, and was thrown into a concentration camp without knowing anything."
It is said that among the members of Unit 731, these things had become a hot topic.According to the comprehensive judgment of the testimonies collected so far, there are roughly three sources of "Marutai":
(1) Soldiers and cadres of the Eighth Route Army captured on the battlefields in Central China and North China, officers and soldiers of the Kuomintang Army, and intellectuals and workers in the cities and villages who were arrested for their connection with the Anti-Japanese War. (The Japanese army) used military trains to transport them from the prison camps in various places to Harbin, and escorted them directly to Unit 731.
(2) Officers and soldiers of the Soviet Red Army (members of the Intelligence Department), Belarus and their families arrested in and around Harbin.They were first locked up in the "Protection Court" in Harbin, and then escorted by Harbin's secret service or gendarmerie to Unit 731.
(3) Ordinary Chinese citizens detained in concentration camps near the "Zhongling Pagoda" on the outskirts of Harbin.Almost all of them were forced to become "Maruta" by being deceived... There also seem to be criminals who only committed the crime of theft.
The commander who is usually on duty during the day will continue to conduct night patrols, but on the night when "Marutai" was escorted to Unit 731, the night patrols were stopped.Information about "Marutai" is top secret within the army.
Mr. M.M., the former Harbin Gendarmerie Headquarters Gendarmerie who lives in Fukushima Prefecture, sent a letter with the following contents:
You (in the book) describe that the Harbin Gendarmerie Headquarters is responsible for escorting the "Maruta" in the "Maruta" concentration camp near the Zhongling Pagoda in Harbin, but I believe there is no such fact.
At that time, Harbin City, including its suburbs, had the following detachments and detachments.There is a very close relationship between the teams.It goes without saying that information is exchanged with each other.Even judicial matters have maintained a cooperative situation.
At that time, for the sake of goodwill between Japan and Manchuria and the implementation of national policies, in order to respect the customs of the Chinese (called "Manchurians" at the time) and increase pro-Japanese feelings, our military police have been fully performing humanitarian tasks (the original text is excerpted from the original letter) .
However, in the military trial in Khabarovsk, the former Harbin Military Police Headquarters Gendarmerie Gendarmerie, who was assigned to Unit 731, confessed: "My duty is to escort prisoners from Harbin to Unit 731."
"First, the Gendarmerie Headquarters called to issue instructions, informing us to pick up the man ('Maruta'). This notice was issued to Chief Tiansaka Cao."
"Escorting prisoners is mainly carried out at night. After we get the prisoners, we take the escort car and go to the Pingfang Railway Station to be handed over to Unit 731. There, our car is parked at the gate, and a person walks up to the sentry post. After the sentinel made contact, the sentinel called the prison duty officer in the camp, and then the duty officer came out and escorted the prisoners into the prison."
"The special prison of Unit 731 is a place for live experiments, and the most tragic thing here is the "thinning" of "Maruta".
When it was first built, there were 20 to 24 single cells in each building, but later, nearly half of the rooms on the first floor were "converted" to equipment storage and group cells.
However, in 1943, the number of captives escorted from all over China increased sharply, and they used trucks to send "Marutai" to Unit 731.
For this reason, the cells of the special prison, which had been used as single cells in principle, became crowded due to the continuous arrival of "Maruta".
"According to the regulations, in principle, two people are detained in each single cell, but at this time, the number of 'Maruta' has increased, and this principle is not allowed to be followed. Three or four people are stuffed into each cell, and various experiments begin. There was a local disorder. The 'thinning' was carried out under such circumstances." The former army personnel said.
At the beginning, the leaders of Unit 731 welcomed the "Marutai" stuffed into the cell.Detaining three people in a single cell about the size of four to six tatami mats, "Maruta" can only sleep and eat next to each other.The army leaders noticed the "overcrowded" state, and believed that it was an excellent environment to carry out collective infection experiments with various bacteria such as plague.Therefore, first of all, a "Maruta" was injected with plague bacteria, and then he was put into a single cell in an overcrowded state for observation to see how other "Marutas" were infected.
The former army personnel said: "However, the imaginary collective infection is not so easy to occur. Only the pneumonic plague can be transmitted to the 'Marutai' in the same cell within two or three days, but other infectious diseases spread all at once. No, it is said that there are some intellectuals in 'Maruta' who understand the knowledge of infection prevention, tell each other how to prevent it, and put it into practice in a single cell. There are many in 'Maruta' who are smarter than us He is an educated person. There is a smart offensive and defensive battle every day between the personnel of Unit 731 who are trying to make them suffer from infectious diseases and the 'Marutai' who are preventing them from contracting infectious diseases."
So, they came up with the "thinning" method.There is a bathroom at the right end of the special prison, and adjacent to it is a special disposal room with beds. "Thinning" takes place here. The objects of "thinning" are those "Maruta" that have survived tenaciously even though they have been used as living experiment materials many times.
There are reasons for this tenacious "Marutai". Unit 731 regarded Yersinia pestis as its "main weapon" and increased production in large quantities.However, bacteria cultivated in large quantities in an incubator have the property of becoming less and less toxic.In order to produce Yersinia pestis whose virulence does not disappear even after (mass) cultivation, it is necessary to obtain more virulent strains first.
Therefore, the staff of the Takahashi team came up with a method of "transferring" plague bacteria to "Maruta" again and again.First, "Marutai" A was injected with Yersinia pestis, and it was confirmed that the person died of plague.The human body launched a fierce struggle between the antibodies produced in the blood and lymph fluid and the plague bacteria before death.
After Yersinia pestis won the battle with antibodies, its virulence increased accordingly.Then the serum of "Maruta" A was injected into "Maruta" B, and the more toxic Yersinia pestis that invaded the body and the antibody of "Maruta" B fought again, producing more virulent Yersinia pestis.Then, inject it into "Maruta" C... This is an operation aimed at cultivating highly toxic (bacteria).
Takahashi Ban used this method to create a more virulent and more vicious Yersinia pestis.However, in this process, after the serum is injected, the antibodies in the human body also become more tenacious. After being injected with Yersinia pestis, "Marutai" fell into critical condition for a while, but some of them will survive.These "Marutai" have the same immunity not only to Yersinia pestis, but also to other bacteria.
In terms of epidemic prevention research, these "Marutais" have high "value", but if they are kept alive, there will be no room for a large number of new "Marutas" that will come one after another.So the "thinning" method was adopted to kill on the spot.
The special class staff took the surviving "Maruta" from the single cell to the special disposal room."Malutai", who had been the subject of experiments many times, was so frightened that they refused to leave the cell.Therefore, the special class personnel with pistols standing on the side of "Maruta" pretended: "It has been decided to release you from prison, so go to get vaccinated first." This is how to trick them out.
After "Maruta" was brought into the special treatment room, they were first injected with 20 grams of chloroform anesthetic on their wrists... In less than a second, "Maruta" was panting, rolled his eyes, and had difficulty breathing. Goosebumps kept coming up on my body, and I finally died... This kind of "thinning" was carried out, and there were at most about 20 people per month... These "Marutai" who survived the death line were finally killed. How cruel!
A former member of the army recalled the scene of "thinning" in this way.
"Send the living body quickly!"
There is a bathroom in one corner of the Ad Hoc Prison.This is the exclusive bathroom of "Maruta".In principle, it is stipulated to take a bath once a week, but sometimes, depending on the purpose of the "Maruta" experiment, they are given the opportunity to bathe multiple times.
Only when taking a bath, most of the "Malutai" can remove their handcuffs, and under the supervision of the heavily armed special squad, several people form a group and strip naked together.
The female "Malutai" was detained in Building 8.According to former army personnel, one of them was the mistress of a famous Chinese warlord leader.
The female "Maluta" was also taking a shower under the supervision of the special team.It is said that one of the obscene pleasures of the special class is to "watch" young women taking baths.
The primary purpose of letting "Maruta" who was just escorted to Unit 731 take a bath is to obtain healthy experimental subjects.After taking a bath, I prepared quite high-grade black bread and broth for the Russian "Marutai"; I prepared soft meat buns and other dinners for the Chinese "Marutai".In order for them to have a good night's sleep, the lights were turned off at nine o'clock in the evening.
In the early morning of the next day, people from each research room, accompanied by special class personnel, inspected each single cell.This is to reserve experimental materials, although it is a bit like picking prostitutes in a brothel, but it is "Maruta" who is imprisoned in the fence.
According to the testimonies jointly made by relevant people, Chinese people account for 70% of "Marutai", and foreigners such as Russians account for 30%, including Koreans and Mongolians; in terms of age, most of them are 20 years old People between the ages of 30 and 40 are considered the oldest, and there is no Maruta over 50 years old.
After inspecting the newly imprisoned "Maruta" through the viewing window, they walked and said:
"Let's have the tall one! ... and the fat, red-faced guy in cell number two would be nice too."
"It's XXX and XXX, right? Understood." The people sent by the laboratory and the special team were deliberating, which was the deliberation and choice for killing "Maruta".
Sometimes even this comment can be omitted.Each research office calls to order: "No matter what body type, please find 20 healthy 'Maruta' properly!"
The characteristic of Unit 731 is that not only military personnel but also civilian personnel are making such devilish orders.The people sent by each research office are medical workers with civilian status, researchers, and assistants.
By the way, there is a library in the army that keeps a lot of medical books, such as "Anatomy" (Toho Published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences), "Pathological Anatomy" (published by the Army Medical Corps in the Military Medical Service Bureau), "Revised Human Anatomy" by Nishi Chengfu and Shigetake Suzuki (published by Iwanami Shoten), etc.These medical books are all stamped with the oval seal of "Ishii Army Book" in blue and purple for use by the team members.
In the name of medicine, many medical workers in the army select healthy people as live experiment materials and consume them like living consumption materials. "That guy is going to be sentenced to death anyway. If he is also dead, then let him make contributions to mankind before he dies." This logic has always been unimpeded among the medical workers of Unit 731.
In order to use "Maruta" imprisoned in a special prison as a material for live experiments, a series of procedures need to be completed.
First of all, each research class in the first part determines the research theme, and the class leader (senior official) issues an order to "transfer to Maruta" to the civilian staff at the appointed official level.
When receiving, you cannot rely on oral, you need to apply in writing.After filling in the application form with the necessary items such as the research subject and the amount of "Marutai" to be used, and after approval by the head of the equipment department, go to the adjutant (health lieutenant) room to submit written materials, stamp the captain's seal to obtain permission, and then send it to the The necessary quantity of "Maruta" (from No. XXX to No. XXX) can only be obtained after going to the special class.
After receiving "Maruta", while carefully inquiring about the medical records, they also need to learn more about the experiments carried out so far and undergo a strict physical examination.
It is the job of the technicians and corporals to perform these checks.If there are more than 10 people in "Marutai", the open-air experiment is carried out in Anda, while the indoor experiment is usually limited to 3-5 people.
After completing the above receiving procedures, start the experiment.
"The experimental results must be accurate and scientifically objective. Therefore, a healthy 'Marutai' is needed. However, ideal and pure experimental materials may not be obtained every time. Therefore, each research class falsely reports the number of applicants. Received In the 'Marutai', if there are sick and weak people, although they can be used as the basis of experiments, they are not used as data." The former army personnel testified.
In "Maruta", there is a beautiful boy about 18 years old who is mistaken for a Kabuki actor.There are widespread rumors in the army: It is a pity that a beautiful boy was killed in "Maruta".Therefore, after he was assigned to the relevant research class, he was not used on the grounds of being "sick and weak".According to the recollection of former troops, it is said that the boy was still alive until the retreat of Unit 731.
"Maruta" with well-developed limbs is regarded as a source of blood collection. "Maruta" was dragged into the disposal room on the second floor of the special prison with shackles. "Malutai" thought of this, and most of them lay on the operating table without any resistance, and then the army personnel inserted the blood collection needle into the wrist and drew 400ml of blood.The fat "Malutai" can bear 400ml of blood drawn at a time.However, some "Maruta" were anemic and couldn't stand up for a while.
I heard that there were also "Maruta" who resisted among them.At this time, the special class personnel forcibly drew blood after the beating, and the drawn blood was used for the transfusion experiment of abnormal blood.
In the autumn of 1942, there was a strong man in "Malutai" who had been imprisoned on the second floor of Prison No. 7 for two years.He is a "longest man who did not fall while in prison" in the intense "Maruta" consumption that "consumed three people in two days".His detention number is No. 909. He is in his thirties and 1.75 meters tall. He is a Chinese who is proficient in Japanese, English and Russian.According to his own statement, before he was brought into Unit 731, he had been working as a police officer on the Soviet-Manchurian border.
S. T., a former member of the army, said: "No. 909, who understands Japanese, acts as an interpreter between the special class personnel and the prisoners. The special class seems to attach great importance to him as the commander of 'Maruta'. Maybe it is the language ability that makes the 909 survived for two years."
In Unit 731, "Malutai" is not treated as a human being, but as an experimental material similar to groundhogs and fleas.There is no personal exchange between prisoners and troops.Due to the rapid consumption of "Marutai", there is no room to remember the face of "Marutai".
However, "old prisoners" like No. 909 are known to everyone in the special class and researchers in various classes.Although it is an experimental material, it is better to have an "old prisoner" to help coordinate in the cell than to force the experiment after beating. Number 909 is a person with a sharp mind and strong judgment.He doesn't seem necessarily flattering the Japanese for his own salvation.He believes that they are all "Malutai" who have no hope of survival anyway, and at least try to improve the living environment in prison during their detention.He often represents the interests of "Marutai" and puts forward requests for better food and treatment.Because No. 909 is such a person, he is quite popular among prisoners.As long as 909 is called, things such as blood drawing, pulse signal and temperature measurement can be carried out smoothly.Troop personnel also hold No. 909 in high regard.It is said that someone put absorbent cotton soaked in medicinal alcohol in a beaker instead of wine and sent them to prison No. 909 to avoid the guards' eyes.
Sometimes, he stopped a familiar army member, greeted him and asked: "I heard that you are studying before the exam for promotion!" This surprised the other party.Although physical freedom is restricted, language is still used as a weapon to gather information from troops who enter and exit the cells.
Never lose heart, no matter how hopeless the circumstances in which you are imprisoned.What supports No. 909 is not only people, but an unyielding belief.But the day has finally come when his fate as "Maruta" ends.
1942年快到中秋节时，负责研究赤痢的秋贞班领到了909号。秋贞班班长是原满洲医科大学的教授，是北野政次的部下。研究赤痢的专门班虽是江岛班，但是从1939年起江岛班长不在了，北野部队长从兼任霍乱研究班的凑班那里把秋贞教授拉了过来，担任了没有班长的赤痢研究班的负责人。
1942年察觉财务违规问题以后，部队长由北野取代石井时，北野带着数名心腹进入了731部队。其中之一就是秋贞。
在追述909号命运前途之前，我想先用已经判明的内容记述一下秋贞班利用赤痢菌进行活体实验的内容吧！
731部队进行的各种传染病的活体实验中，赤痢菌实验是需要较长周期的。
新班长秋贞到任时，这个研究班正在针对当时使用的疫苗研究开发明矾变性毒素（利用明矾淡化毒性的新型治疗赤痢用的疫苗）。为了准确地查明试制的疫苗的有效性，需要重赤痢患者。于是，决定迅速“制造”一批赤痢患者。临床病例越多，数据的可靠性就越大。秋贞班使用8名以上的“马鲁太”制造了赤痢患者。赤痢活体实验的程序如下：在开始实验之前，先对“马鲁太”进行“调整”，然后对健康的“马鲁太”(纯品）进行预防注射1-3次→放入活菌疫苗→发病→进行试制疫苗实验→死亡→解剖→制作标本这一过程。必须通过上述全过程，尽可能地减少由于个人差异而造成数据误差。
为此，秋贞班班员把领到的“马鲁太”集中到同一牢房内，供应他们有充分营养的饮食。这是程序中的第一步即“调整”。
1942年秋天，秋贞班在进行赤痢实验中，使用了多少名“马鲁太”不详，但其中包括了909号。
把“马鲁太”“调整”到性质相等的实验材料之前，供应营养充分的饮食，并进行两三周的健康管理。每天仔细地进行健康调查，把头重、头晕、食欲、排便和脉搏状况的资料，主要根据本人的报告写进病历。
赤痢是一种经口腔感染侵入大肠粘膜的传染病。所以重视它对消化器官产生的影响。尤其要慎重地仔细检查有无排便，呈何种状态。“马鲁太”的调整工作结束以后，开始进行实验时，秋贞班给“马鲁太”进行预防注射。赤痢菌由于国际上和日本的分类不同其称呼也不相同。按照日本学术振兴会的分类分为志贺菌1型——7型、菌1型——6型、X型、Y型、波伊德菌1型——7型、菌等。
进行预防注射时，使用的是把这些病菌人工弱毒化了的预防注射液。当时预防注射液的制造过程，在30年代使用的陆军军医团编写的《防疫学教程》中有所记载。据记载，它似乎是加上生理盐水和石碳酸处理后的弱毒化了的变性毒素（Toxoids类毒素——译者注）。
并不是对所有的被实验“马鲁太”都必须进行预防注射。如使用10名“马鲁太”时，进行预防注射时的比例如下：两个人0次；四个人1次；四个人2次。
进行预防注射之后，“马鲁太”因人而异，有时发生腹鸣、腹痛、腹泻、发烧、极度发冷、头痛等副作用。发生这种情况时，秋贞班则等待发病的“马鲁太”恢复常态。大致在四五天之内这种副作用就会消失。
在进行这种实验的前一阶段的某一天，909号对一位熟悉的秋贞班人员搭话说道：“大人，蒙您多方照顾，请把这个送给您夫人吧！”赠送的是909号在不知何时怎样亲手制做的一双中式女鞋。这是一双用布拼凑起来的简朴的女鞋，脚尖部分还有彩色的蔓草花纹。
“牢房中的'马鲁太'都会做这种工艺品，他们把剩饭做成浆糊，布则是平时命令女'马鲁太'缝补衣物时剩下的布头。它们似乎是通过秘密传送物品通道分配到各牢房的。我忐忑不安地从909号手中接过这双女鞋，藏在包中带回宿舍，以免被特别班察觉。”一位原秋贞班的人员这样回忆道。
909号平时对该班的人员常这样说：“怀疑我是间谍，就把我抓到这里来了。但是，我是无罪的。我有一个10岁的女儿。我突然消失之后，她必定会很担心。我想早点回家去。实际上，每年中秋节时，我都是和女儿一起过的。”
909号的话是真是假，不得而知。但是一旦被关进了731部队，就不可能活着出去，这是肯定无疑的。909号是否悟到了自己的下场才说那种话呢？现在已无法向本人询问了。
注射赤痢预防针一个星期之后，即放入731部队培养的强力的赤痢菌。经过两三天的潜伏期之后，等待发生剧烈的腹痛、腹泻、发烧，然后。
那一天来临了。秋贞班人员进入909号的牢房，首先把一个装有20毫升黄色液体的杯子递给他，杯中的黄色液体是猪、牛的胆汁。为什么要喝猪、牛的胆汁呢？
秋贞班对于各种赤痢菌菌种进行累代培养。这些菌种分类为阪大菌种、满大菌种、SK菌种和异型菌种等。随着培养条件和放置天数的不同，其毒性有所增减。秋贞班详细地研究赤痢菌的特性，研究开发长期维持毒性的方法。把有强毒性的活菌疫苗原封不动地放入“马鲁太”体内，难于吸收，发病率低。在观察实验的主角——主变量（“马鲁太”）与原因（赤痢菌）之间的关系时，他们发现了这种结果。
为了防止产生这种结果，在实验之前，让“马鲁太”喝下促进肠胃消化吸收能力的猪、牛胆汁，这应该叫做旨在促进吸收赤痢菌的“恶魔为被实猃者预备的餐前酒”。
让“马鲁太”喝完“餐前酒”之后，秋贞班在两名特别班人员的陪伴下，同909号进行约15分钟的杂谈。但这并不是同即将走上死亡之路的人话别。
“让'马鲁太'喝下胆汁以后，如果放置不理的话，他们必定会把手指伸进喉咙，让喝下去的胆汁吐出来。'马鲁太'中间已经积累和继承了许多让实验失败、自己能生存下去的智慧和经验。一旦胆汁被吐出来，实验的数据就紊乱了。所以，为了硬让他们吸收胆汁，就边计算着时间边进行杂谈。胆汁味苦，难喝，'马鲁太'皱着眉头喝了下去。”原秋贞班人员做出了这样的证词。即使胆汁是甜的好喝的饮料，对“马鲁太”来说，也不能不皱着眉头喝下去。秋贞班人员当时谈过些什么呢？在先生的记忆中似乎巳不存在了。
15分钟以后，交给“马鲁太”一个小玻璃容器。容器里装着用（培养细菌用的营养液）滤液稀释了的赤痢活菌疫苗。据原部队人员讲，听说“活菌疫苗发出一种和精液相似的气味”。
909号目不转晴地盯着装有活菌疫苗的容器，低声嘟哝道：“该送终了。”无论怎样怕死的“马鲁太”，一旦送来装有活菌疫苗的容器，都会知道要死了，而把杯中的东西一饮而尽。从翌日起，909号发生剧烈的腹痛和腹泻。“餐前酒”的效果立即表现出来：从喝下活菌疫苗之后24小时以内被实验的“马鲁太”发病了。
909号排出的大便，从软便变成水泻、粘血便。一整天吃新型疫苗，也不见有效。909号由于剧烈的腹痛和腹泻，缺乏水分，排泻脓血便。牢房内准备的耐酸铝制的器皿中积满了脓血便，散发出恶臭。秋贞班人员把积满血便的器皿放进网袋中送往研究室。发病三天以后，909号极度衰弱而“转归”了。
“在尸体尚未开始僵硬之前，他被送往石川班。切开腹部时，909号的尸体还冒着热气。”
“909号送给我的那双女鞋，拿回宿舍以后，在无人知晓的情况下把它烧掉了。后来回想起来，那双鞋中也许藏有信件。如果一不留心，送给满洲人，731部队的秘密泄露到外部，也许会引起严重的问题。但是，那位聪明、成熟老练的909号是作为纪念品，怀着百感交集的心情把这双女鞋交给我的。至今我心灵的深处仍感到有些疼痛。”
“但是，我认为，909号因患赤痢而死去，这样说也许有点残酷。但是，这还算是好的。如果经受住不彻底的实验而活了下来，那么还得经受冻伤实验和毒瓦斯实验，遭受二遍、三遍苦。”
对“马鲁太”来说，活下来仅仅是实验次数的多少和实验时间的长短而已。最后等待着的必定是“转归”。提供证词的原秋贞班人员说，在战后37年的岁月里，他总不能忘记909号临终时的情景。他说着眼睛湿润了。
“每年临近中秋月明时，总是被909号的恶梦魇住。在梦中，我乞求他宽恕我，浑身的冷汗都湿透了被窝。”
当时909号的女儿只有10岁，她一定在焦急地等待着某一天突然消失的父亲回到她的身边。因为909号的女儿每年都和父亲一起过中秋节。但是，自从她的父亲消失后，她将是以怎样的心情眺望中秋节的明月呢？909号交给原秋贞班人员的那双女鞋，也许是怀着祈求托他送给女儿的纪念品吧。
Notes:
Notes: