Chapter 49 Section 1: The Scholars Under the Bomb

The Faculty of Arts and Law of the United Nations University, which was evacuated from Mengzi to Kunming, was in a hurry. When the teachers and students arrived one after another, the location of the school was not yet available.According to an insider, it was not easy to plan this matter. "The Jiangxi Guild Hall was first discussed, but there was some clues, and the host of the Engineering College wanted to use it. I heard that those who have other strengths may also need to use the Jiangxi Guild Hall. Then the Engineering College Whether it will be available or not is yet to be known.”

Just when the Jiangxi Guild Hall was vying for each other, and it was still difficult to determine who would win the deer, Jiang and Mei's two standing committee members sent Chen Futian, Zhang Xiruo, and Chen Daisun, three department heads, to investigate the Panlong Temple area in Jinning. And give up.At the time when there was nothing to find, the local government suddenly heard that the middle schools and normal schools in Kunming City were ordered to move to the secluded places in the township and county. So Chen Futian, Zhang Xiruo and others tried their best to collude with the Standing Committee of Jiang and Mei, and Pan Guangdan and Feng Youlan He and other powerful figures rented all the school buildings including Kunming Normal School and Agricultural School, and moved the teachers and students of the Faculty of Arts and Law of the United Nations University there.After the announcement of this decision, some professors were dissatisfied and resisted. Pu Xuefeng made it clear: "The meaning is that if others are stupid, I will be wise, and others will be timid. I will be brave. The teacher authority has already moved all the school property that can be moved. Let's go. Seeing the scene, I feel very uneasy."

The worries and dissatisfaction of Pu and other professors were justified, and a tragic bombing in the Teachers College later proved the correctness of this premonition. Moving to a teacher training college is also a convenient solution.Not long after, most of the teachers and students transferred from Mengzi moved to Kunming and the Agricultural School, and a small number of professors who had studied the Book of Changes and Fengshui felt that this place belonged to the so-called "lord of great evil" in the hexagrams. Once moved in, it is likely to end in personal and financial ruin.So I rented a house to live in the suburbs by myself, and the school authorities happened to be quiet and allowed everything.

At this time, Chen Yinke, who came to Kunming earlier than Wu Mi and others, lived in the upper floor of the Qingyuan Academy on Dihua Lane leased by the Academia Sinica Institute of History and Language in Kunming because of his part-time job. Colleagues from the Institute of History and Philology reunited after more than four years.Unexpectedly, just after settling down, another unfortunate news almost knocked him down.When leaving Peiping, Chen Yinke asked his nephew Chen Fengxiong to mail a batch of books to relatives in Changsha so that he could pick them up when he arrived.Unexpectedly, these books were not received until more than a month after the Chen family left Changsha.What is even more unexpected is that in November 1938, when the Japanese army captured Yueyang and approached Changsha, the top military officials of the Kuomintang wanted to implement the strategy of fortifying the walls and clearing the fields and set fire to the city. Due to a misunderstanding by those who performed the specific task, they suddenly set fire on the night of the 12th, and Changsha suddenly became a sea of ​​flames. The people who didn't know the inside story were wailing and crying in the thick smoke of the fire, jumping around, trying to escape.As a result, a fire destroyed more than 50,000 houses, killed and injured more than 20,000 citizens, and hundreds of thousands of people were left homeless.The residence of Chen Yinke's relatives was also in disaster. All the houses were burned down, and the books deposited by the Chen family were also reduced to ashes.This catastrophe shattered the brainchild of Chen Yinke's life's praise and the last hope in his heart, and he couldn't help crying.

Fortunately, the condition of Kunming is better than that of Mengzi, besides, there is a large collection of books here, so Chen Yinke was able to borrow the needed books for emergency. The coursework of "Origin Theory" was not interrupted. Chen Yinke lived in Qingyuan School in Dianhua Lane, which was close to the north gate of Kunming City, and the United Nations University classroom was located on Wenlin Street in Kunming. Whenever there were classes, Chen Yinke had to walk more than one mile to the school.At this time, the retina of his right eye was detached, leaving only the vision of his left eye to barely read and teach.Chen is still the same as in Tsinghua University back then. Every time she goes to class, she wraps a large bag of books in a piece of calico or black cloth and rushes to the classroom. She is sweaty all the time, but she is never late.Some students couldn't bear to see the master historian who was blind in one eye so hard and tired, and offered to meet him every class time and help with books, but was declined.According to a student’s recollection, “Mr. Chen was meticulous in class. Most of the time, he copied two blackboards full of materials, and then closed his eyes to speak. He always gave lectures in an academic or historical context created by himself, as if he had forgotten everything in the world. One day, as soon as the first foot stepped into the door, and it was still far away from the blackboard, Master Chen began to narrate what he said last time... Then he approached the table, placed the bundle of books, and sat in front of it. Facing the blackboard, facing the student's armchair. After talking for a long time, I seemed to find that the seat was not in the right direction, so I stood up and moved the chair, and smiled. Sometimes I closed my eyes and talked, talking endlessly." When he was a liberal arts researcher at Peking University Deng Guangming, who served as a teaching assistant, admired Chen Yinke's talent and reputation, and often went to the United Nations University to attend classrooms and benefited a lot.In this regard, Deng recalled: "Although my foundation is too poor, I may not have a deep understanding of what Mr. Chen taught, but I reflect on the impact I received in terms of academic methods during that year or so. Compared with the four years of studying at Peking University, it may be said that the lessons learned are even worse than that."

Chen Yinke's personality knowledge has not only won the respect of Fu Sinian, the big names in the academic field and young disciples of the Institute of History and Philology, but also the respect of Feng Youlan, Zhu Ziqing and others who also taught at Tsinghua University. In 1934, Tsinghua University published "Tsinghua Summer Weekly · Welcome New Classmates Special Issue · Professor Impressions", there was a description of Chen Yinke: "In the history of Tsinghua University, there are many interesting talks about Mr. Chen Yinke. For example , Mr. Feng Youlan, a famous philosopher, has a lot of knowledge. Since he entered the school in 1928, he has served as the secretary-general, the dean of literature, and even acted as an agent for school affairs several times. During class, we would always see Mr. Feng respectfully following Mr. Chen out of the teachers’ lounge, listening to Mr. Chen’s speech while walking, and then bowing deeply to Mr. Chen at the door of the classroom, and then parting. This phenomenon certainly made us I feel Mr. Feng's humility and courtesy, but at the same time, we also feel Mr. Chen's greatness." From this record, we can see that Chen Yinke's prestige and reputation were not long after he entered Tsinghua University, that is, with his talent and personality strength , Has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and has been generally respected by colleagues.Many years later, the philosopher Jin Yuelin recalled with emotion: "I don't understand Yinke's knowledge, but it seems to be very profound. One day I went to him, and a student came to him and asked for a material. He Say: You go to the library to borrow a certain book, turn to a certain page, there is a note at the bottom of that page, and all the materials you need are listed in the note. You copy it down, follow the clues Find the rest of the materials. Mr. Yin Ke has a strong memory, which is really rare."

The small building of the Qingyuan School in Dianhua Lane is divided into three floors and eighteen rooms. After the personnel of the Institute of History and Philology were withdrawn to Longtou Village, this building became the headquarters of the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University. building.Chen Yinke has been living here because he is also a tutor of the History Group of the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University.According to the memory of Zhou Fagao, a student who was studying in the institute at that time: "The postgraduate students live in two large rooms on the third floor, plus two small rooms outside. One is for Mr. Chen Yinke, and the other is for Mr. Tang Yongtong. Mr. Luo Changpei lives in the On the second floor. In addition, there are Mr. Deng Guangming, a teaching assistant, and Mr. Yu Tairan, a clerk (Yu is a relative of Liu Bannong, from Jiangyin). In addition, there is Mr. Ye Gongchao, an English tutor." He also said: "He (Chen Yinke) was originally a professor at Tsinghua University, maybe It is because he is Mr. Fu Sinian's relative and good friend, and he lives upstairs in Indigo Flower Lane, so he serves as the tutor of the history group of the research institute. However, his temper is really not small, which may be due to his poor health. Right! We lived with him on the third floor, and we never talked to each other. Once, when he was taking a nap, a guest came to see him, and he kept bowing and chasing that person downstairs. Another time, Luo Changpei on the second floor The master’s room was full of graduate students, and it was noisy, it was about ninety o’clock, and when he heard Mr. Chen knocking on the floor with his cane several times upstairs, Mr. Luo was so frightened that he hurriedly stopped.

Zhou Fagao's memories revealed to the world Chen Yinke's grumpy and extraordinarily dignified side due to illness. At the same time, it also revealed another information, that is, Chen's habit of sleeping in the morning and taking a nap in the afternoon. On August 30, 1942, Chen Yinke said in a letter to Fu Sinian: "My brother's nature is to sleep and eat well (my brother suffers from indigestion, and it is difficult to digest if he is full). Poetry. Occasionally in my life, I have time to sleep and eat well, so I can occasionally write. But there is never a day when I am rich and happy in my life, so I can’t always write poetry. The ancients said that poetry is poor and then work. This spirit is better than material. My brother has aspirations but has not been caught." This letter was written to Fu Sinian when Chen Yinke and his family escaped from Hong Kong and arrived in Guilin. do explain.But from these few explanations, we can see that there are indeed reasons for Chen's sleeping early, taking a nap, or even being emotional and angry.According to Fu Sinian’s letter to Ye Qisun, the director-general of Academia Sinica on August 31, 1942: “In fact, he (referring to Chen Yinke) is the same everywhere, that is, he studies by himself and refuses to guide others.” Also, Fu Sinian joked He said in a calm tone, "He is still willing to talk about some elderly assistants in our office, so the seniors are often sent by him to check the books, and it is also convenient to exchange. Smile." According to the information disclosed by Fu Sinian, at this time Chen Yinke ignored senior Zhou Fa. In line with his personality and way of life.It's just that Chen's habit, which seems to have nothing to do with others, actually tormented Fu Sinian so much.

After Fu Sinian came to Kunming, in order to fulfill his responsibilities as the acting director of the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University, he often lived on the first floor of the Qingyuan Academy at No. 3 Dihua Lane.At this time, Japanese planes had already launched a large-scale air strike on Kunming, and the first bombing on September 28 severely damaged all the teachers and students who had moved into Kunming Teachers College.At that time, although Pu Xuefeng tried his best to oppose living in the Teachers College and was "uneasy" because of this, but because he couldn't rent a place for a while, he had to move in with some professors of the Faculty of Arts and Law, such as Jin Yuelin.Unexpectedly, shortly after moving in, enemy bombing began.After the alarm sounded, five or six people, including Jin Yuelin, Pi Mingju, and Liu Jinnian, didn't leave in time. When they saw a row of silver-gray enemy planes flying over the sky, they suddenly felt bad. sounded.The last student who squeezed in yelled "Ouch", and blood was already flowing down his forehead.In an instant, a bomb fell on the roof behind the library building. The huge explosive force rushed a Nankai student upstairs out of the window, and died without any injuries. It was due to the shock.In a short time, the main entrance of the campus building was broken, all the windows were destroyed, and a bungalow was completely reduced to rubble, which could no longer be identified.Two UNU janitors and two students died on campus after being bombed.When the Founder of the United University was organizing students to train in Kunming Teachers College, one of the training brigade leaders hid from the alarm and was cut into three sections by the bomb. The lower body was still on the tennis court inside the wall, and his head flew to the playground outside the wall. The two children died together, decapitated.After the enemy plane flew away, Pu Xuefeng, who went out to escape the alarm and returned, saw the mess in the school, "the family members of the dead are crying in the field, and the craftsmen are swinging axes to make coffins", looking sadly.

At this time, Chen Yinke and others who lived on the upper floor of the Institute of History and Philosophy in Dianhua Lane were also threatened by enemy plane bombing. It is used as an air-raid shelter, but the water depth in the pit is often full of feet.When Chen Yinke, who lived on the third floor, encountered an alarm, he sat in the water with a chair and waited until the alarm was lifted.For this reason, Chen Yinke once specially made a couplet with a sense of ridicule: "Sit when you hear the plane, and you will be safe in the ground." "Ji" refers to Japanese aircraft, and those who "enter the ground" also enter the air-raid shelter.Every time the alarm sounded, everyone scrambled to run to the air-raid shelter, trying to "bury themselves in peace" as soon as possible.At this time, the frail Chen Yinke was not only blind in his right eye, but also began to suffer from a disease in his left eye. His vision was blurred and his movements were extremely inconvenient.And because of the habit of taking an early and afternoon nap, Fu Sinian was afraid that Mrs. Chen would not hear the alarm or would be in danger due to poor eyesight when she heard the alarm. Whenever the alarm sounded, everyone ran downstairs one after another, and Fu Sinian shook. With his obese body, regardless of his extremely severe high blood pressure and heart disease, panting heavily, sweating profusely, he rushed upstairs. When he reached the third floor, he carefully helped Chen Yinke down and sent him to the air-raid shelter "for safety" ", just forget about a worry, this move has become a good story in Kunming academic circles.It is precisely because of the close cooperation and joint efforts of Chen Yinke, Fu Sinian and others that the Institute of Historical Language, which was not valued by the people at the time, became the center of Chinese historical research and opened up a generation of historical research.Many years later, when Lao Gan, a researcher in the History Group of the Institute of History and Philology who followed Chen Yinke, recalled the past on an isolated island in Taiwan, he said: "In the past 20 years of historical research, several good universities and research institutions in China, although all have his However, the Institute of History and Linguistics of Academia Sinica and the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University presided over by Meng Zhen can indeed achieve a central position. In particular, the historical part of the Institute of History and Linguistics is supported by Mr. Chen Yinke's advanced, rigorous and profound methods of history. Under the leadership, the influence is especially profound." This is praise, but also the truth.

After the Institute of History and Philology withdrew from Kunming and moved to Longtou Village in the suburbs, Chen Yinke's daily life was mainly taken care of by his friend Wu Mi from the Department of Foreign Languages ​​and Literature of the United Nations University.At that time, Wu Mi lived in Yulongdui, which was near the gate of Yunnan University, which was later rebuilt, not far from Dianhua Lane.Every time the alarm sounded, Wu Mi immediately put aside his affairs and ran to the upstairs where Chen Yinke lived to help him down. Because the air-raid shelter downstairs in Indigo Flower Lane was too narrow, Wu Mi was not willing to wrong him, so he took Chen Yinke to a distant mountain dodge.Fortunately, passing through the campus of Yunda University to Huancheng North Road is Baini Mountain (according to the south: Wu called it "the first mountain" in his diary), or crossing the ancient post road to Xiaohong mountain (according to the south: Wu called it "the second mountain") "), the distance between the two is not far, and there are several small shops in Sujiatang Village at the foot of the mountain, where you can take a rest before and after the enemy plane arrives, and eat some food such as refreshments to satisfy your hunger. By the way, it is a good thing to stop and rest to pass the boring time.According to Wu Mi's record on October 28, 1940 (Monday): clear.In the morning, shortly after class, the alarm arrives at 7:15.Kaike went out with the crowd, still going north, to the second mountain to avoid it. At 12:30, nine enemy planes arrived, failed to hit Yuantong Mountain, and strafed at the east gate.When Mi fell asleep, Ke sat beside Mi. ... 2:00 Tong Ke eats two rice cakes with sauce in front of the second mountain. The two mountains mentioned by Wu Mi were close to the United Nations University, and most of them were shelters for old professors with handicapped legs and feet, while young teachers and students ran to the farther mountains to hide. "The back mountain mentioned in the article.The back mountain needs to walk four or five miles along the ancient post road. There is a horizontal ravine on the higher earth hill on the right side of the post road. It is said that it was caused by an earthquake in a certain year and month.The ditch is about three feet deep, the mouth of the ditch is more than two feet wide, and the bottom of the ditch is also six or seven feet wide. It is an excellent natural air defense ditch. The top explodes, and the shrapnel is not easy to jump in.Machine gun fire is not terrible, because the two walls of the ditch are dead ends, and it is difficult for bullets to bend.The ditch is so big that it can accommodate hundreds of people. Young people often come here to take refuge. When they are bored, they build some private air-raid shelters on the wall of the ditch, which vary in size and form.These air-raid shelters not only have a smooth surface, but some of them also use gravel or broken porcelain to inlay patterns and form couplets.There is something new about the couplet.Wang recalled that she still remembers two pairs, one is: "The geometry of life, love triangle";The latter one is obviously plagiarized from Chen Yinke's poems, and it is a documentary of the scene in front of him.The former one, as Wang Zengqi said, appears to be "a kind of general emotion, but it also has practical significance".Because the time and frequency of running the alarm increased, a special situation appeared in Southwest Associated University: students ran the alarm, and there were more and more pairs.Running the alarm is not like sharing life and death, sharing adversity, but there is a vague sense of danger, which is different from watching movies or walking on the green lake.This sense of danger has brought the relationship between the two parties closer.The female students are happy to be served, and the male students also happen to be attentive and take care of them, showing a little chivalry.Just as Sun Wukong said in Gao Laozhuang: "Firstly, the doctor has good eyesight, and secondly, he takes care of the doctor. This is a four-in-one business." According to the logical reasoning in the logic class taught by Lao Jin, there is love, There is a triangle, and there is a triangle, and there is a lovelorn.At that time, the "pair" of the United Nations General Assembly's alarm was not always fixed.Sometimes one party is "dumped" by the other party, and the two "blow", and the "pair" will be reunited.According to Wang Zengqi's guess, the person who wrote the "love triangle" couplet in the air-raid shelter was probably a male student who was "dumped".However, not necessarily. Although Chen Yinke, who suffers from eye problems, has never seen this kind of romantic couplet, he must know it. At least his friend Wu Mi, who is very interested in such things, will tell him.However, judging from the diaries, letters and conversation materials left by Mrs. Chen, it is not clear that he had any comments or thoughts on this at all.However, his good friend Wu Mi was very emotional about this. He recorded in his diary on October 30, 1940: "It is really an excellent opportunity for young men and women to create love for young men and women to escape the air raid and go out in the countryside." It can be seen that Wu ran to the alarm. The anecdotes of love between men and women seen and heard in the book are particularly concerned and full of fantasies, but this kind of fantasy often produces a kind of embarrassment when it falls into reality, and once this embarrassment falls on Wu Mi, it will be another heart-wrenching story. The heartache of the lungs.Since Wu Mi divorced his wife Chen Xinyi in the early years, she has been chasing Mao Yanwen, the old lover of her dreams who was haunted by "people from three continents", Mao Yanwen, who lived and worked in Shanghai, Chongqing and other places. At the same time, she felt chasing Mao Yanwen's prospects are bleak, and the distant water can't quench his thirst. While chasing Mao, he also sits on the floor to pursue the female assistant B (English name Bella) of the Biology Department of the United University. Good friend, this "triangle" made Wu very distressed.One time when the alarm was called, Ms. B and Zhao Qingnian ran to the foot of Sujiatang Dongshan and sat side by side to rest. Suddenly they saw Wu Mi running over, panting.Seeing this, Wu Mi had no choice but to brake urgently, rolled her eyes wildly, panted heavily and ran away wisely, the feeling in her heart can only be understood by those who have personally experienced similar incidents.A few days later, the alarm sounded again, but seeing Ms. B "in complete attire, wearing a red and gray overcoat", and a certain Zhao "dressed in aviation hexagrams, and grass-green army trousers. Holding a camera. He looks very strong and strong", and the two "accompanied Row".Seeing it, Mi felt very embarrassed, and while running forward dragging her not very flexible body, she had no choice but to "walk slowly, and follow her at a distance".A portrait of a person who is envious, jealous and helpless is vividly outlined.