Chapter 28 Chapter 1 The Dilemma of the Temple

After the various institutions and their personnel settled down in the ancient town of Lizhuang, they began to go their own way.The daily work of the Institute of History and Philology is presided over by Li Fanggui.Not long after, Li Fanggui simply resigned from Li Zhuang and went to Chengdu because of the meager pay from the Institute of History and Philology, and went to Chengdu to teach at Yenching University, which was backed by US dollar bills. According to the work plan, the archaeological team of the Institute of History and Philology unpacked and sorted out the oracle bones unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang.Li Ji instructed the staff to sort out the pottery unearthed from the Yin Ruins; Liang Siyong did research on the materials unearthed from the Houjiazhuang Tomb.Later, four groups were added: Wu Dingliang and others sorted out the human skulls unearthed from the Yin Ruins; Ling Chunsheng, Rui Yifu and others planned to investigate the customs of ethnic minorities.The first and second groups continued to study their studies, and all work was gradually on the right track. From time to time, there were busy figures of scholars flashing in Chin Li Ao (Lifeng Villa) in Lizhuang.When everyone gradually adapted to this new environment and felt a little lonely, a guest came from afar.

On June 27, 1941, Mei Yiqi, member of the Standing Committee of Southwest Associated University, Zheng Tianting, chief of general affairs, and Luo Changpei, director of the Chinese Department, took a boat from Luzhou Wharf in Sichuan and went upstream to Lizhuang, the first ancient town on the Yangtze River. Since mid-May, the Mei family has flown from Kunming to Chongqing, the accompanying capital during the war. After dealing with a lot of complicated business affairs, they reported to the Ministry of Education of the Nationalist Government and discussed the relocation of the Xuyong branch school.

The small town of Xuyong is located in the south of the Chuanjiang River, just south of Luzhou, and belongs to the border of Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan. It is known as the "Three Provinces of Chicken".Here, the Yongning River leads to the Yangtze River, and you can enter the Yun and Gui Plateau in the south. Although there is a distance from Lizhuang in Nanxi to the west, they belong to the southern Sichuan area, and the two places are closely related in various aspects.When institutions such as the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica and Tongji University moved from Kunming to Lizhuang, Xuyong was a must.Shi Zhangru of the Institute of History and Philology once overturned his car in the river near Xuyong on the way to escort supplies from Kunming to Lizhuang. In his later years, he had a fragmentary memory of Xuyong and the Southwest Associated University branch: Guankou is not a small place, but the investigation is not as strong as Lantianba... At that time, many relocated institutions came to the vicinity of Xuyong, such as the Southwest Associated University, which moved the recruited students to Xuyong to attend classes, and many of them were admitted in Kunming. Students from all over the world came to Xuyong to attend classes, but the place where the class was held in Xuyong was very small, and a small temple was borrowed for use. When we were in Xuyong, the United Nations University was preparing the classroom layout, and the class had not yet officially started.”

Mei Yiqi and his party arrived at the Xuyong branch school from Chongqing on June 9. Due to traffic congestion and remote location, the teachers and students of the branch school spent all day studying in dilapidated and desolate wild temples. The conditions were simple and life was extremely difficult. In the Imperial Palace, the cafeteria is located in the Chenghuang Temple, which is even more inconvenient.Because the classrooms and dormitories are arranged in the small temple and its surrounding areas, the electric lights in the city cannot be connected. At night, only a small bowl or dish is used, filled with tung oil or rapeseed oil, and lit with a wick for illumination.After a short period of time, the eye hairs and nostrils of the students who were immersed in their studies have been blackened. If they accidentally wiped it with their hands, they would become the black-faced Bao Gong in the opera.Teachers and students accompany a bunch of black mud bodhisattvas to and from class all day long, and the cultural life is almost zero. Not only the young students are unbearable, but even the professors who come along feel bad.After Mei Yiqi arrived, "Many teaching assistants are willing to return to Kunming, and the students are very happy to hear about returning to Kunming."Regarding the judgment of the war situation, although the professors of Xushui University have different opinions, they tend to "Kunming must be taken by the enemy, and we must defend ourselves, but if Kunming loses, the Xufu (Yibin) will continue to fall." , and the south of Sichuan and the east of Sichuan must also be unstable. This kind of speculation may be proved in a few months."

In view of the eagerness of teachers and students to return to Kunming and the uncertain future, after returning to Luzhou, Mei Yiqi and the other three sent letters to Jiang Menglin, the Standing Committee Member of the Southwest Associated University in Kunming, and Pan Guangdan, the Dean of Academic Affairs, who were in charge of daily affairs, respectively, on June 19. To report the opinions of the Xuyong branch school on the cancellation of the branch school, there are five pros and cons, and my own opinions are attached at the end...In any case, it is better to make an early decision. If the Xuyong school moves back, the travel expenses of colleagues and their families should be increased as appropriate.”

After receiving the letter, Jiang Menglin and others agreed that Xu Yong would move back to Kunming, and reported to the Ministry of Education to start raising travel expenses and other matters.Mei Yiqi and his entourage were very relieved to hear Jiang's opinion, and expressed that they would stay in Sichuan for a while longer, travel up the river from Luzhou, and move to Leshan and Chengdu during the War of Resistance to study academic and educational institutions. Because there was no boat going up from Luzhou, Mei Yiqi and others had to sit on the ground and wait. After 9 days, they finally boarded the Changfeng ship on June 27 and arrived in Lizhuang with bumps and turbulence.The purpose of this trip is to visit the old friends who have moved to this place, and there is another task that must be completed, that is, the thesis of some young students of the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University who moved from Kunming to Lizhuang needs to defend. Zheng Tianting is the deputy director of the institute. Long, Luo Changpei, as a direct tutor, needs to fulfill his own responsibilities.Lizhuang ancient town is on the edge of the Yangtze River on the line from Luzhou to Leshan. This trip can kill two birds with one stone.

Founded in 1918, the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University is an academic institution that mainly trains postgraduates in literature, history, philosophy and other disciplines. In 1921, it was called the Guoxuemen of the Research Institute of Peking University, and later renamed the Department of Literature and History of the Research Institute of Peking University, with Shen Jianshi and Liu Bannong as the directors and deputy directors. Gu Jiegang, Luo Ergang and others worked as editors in this institution. In 1934, it was called the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University, with Hu Shi, dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts of Peking University, concurrently as the director, and Fu Sinian as the deputy director.Since its inception, the Institute has had distinctive features such as rich academic materials and a wide range of work, and the focus of work at different stages is also different.For example, academic activities such as history, archaeology, collation and compilation of the cabinet archives of the Qing Dynasty, participation in the archaeological investigation of the Northwest Scientific Expedition Group in 1928-1929 and collation of the Juyan Han Bamboo Bamboo Slips obtained have all achieved world-renowned achievements.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University was closed. In the spring of 1939, Southwest Associated University stabilized its position in Kunming. Some famous professors from the Faculty of Liberal Arts of Peking University deeply felt that an institute with a glorious humanistic tradition had been interrupted for several years and had not been restored. We should take advantage of the opportunity of the founding of the United Nations General Assembly to re-open in Kunming to demonstrate the unyielding will of the Chinese people and cultivate a group of academic seeds.This idea has been strongly advocated and supported by Fu Sinian.After obtaining the consent of Peking University President Jiang Menglin, it was resumed in Kunming in May of this year.

Since Hu Shi was doing diplomatic work in the United States at this time, Fu Sinian was temporarily acting as the director, and Zheng Tianting, the former secretary-general of Peking University, served as the deputy director.The Institute of Liberal Arts consists of language, writing, literature, philosophy, history and other groups. The division of labor of each group of tutors is as follows: Text group tutor: Tang Lan: Literature group tutors: Luo Yong, Yang Zhensheng, etc.; philosophy group tutors: Tang Yongtong; history group tutors: Chen Yinke, Yao Congwu, Xiang Da, Zheng Tianting, etc.; language group tutors: Luo Changpei, Li Fanggui, Ding Shengshu, etc.

It is said that Wei Jiangong was originally the tutor of the language group, but because Wei and Luo Changpei had a quarrel, he soon left Peking University to teach in Sichuan Baisha Women's Normal College and other colleges, and his position as a tutor naturally disappeared. After the restoration, the tutor lineup of Peking University Institute of Liberal Arts is far stronger than that of any university in China. Teachers and students temporarily live in the rented house of Academia Sinica at No. 3 Dihua Lane, Kunming to study and live, forming a special academic small circle.Ten students enrolled in the first batch actually arrived (Chen Sansu, a girl recruited in the language group, did not register), and they were divided into four groups: literature, philosophy, history, and language.Because he later moved to the Maitreya Hall of Yingying Temple in Baotai Mountain, Longtou Village, Longquan Town, on the outskirts of Kunming. Peking University Ten Hanlin".The list and majors of the first batch of graduate students are as follows:

Literature group: Lu Qinli, Yin Falu; Philosophy group: Ren Jiyu, Wang Ming; History group: Yang Zhijiu, Wang Jian, Yan Wenru; Language group: Ma Xueliang, Zhou Fagao, Liu Nianhe; Letters group: No enrollment in the first batch. The graduate students of the second and next classes are: Wang Yuzhe, Yin Huanxian, Gao Huanian, Dong Shu, Wang Yongxing, Li Xiaoding, Wang Shumin, Wang Liqi, etc. There are about 20 graduate students in the previous and subsequent sessions. Wang Yuzhe, a postgraduate student in the second batch of writing group, had this memory of his life in Baotai Mountain, Kunming: "The tutors of the Liberal Arts Research Institute of Peking University, such as Mr. Luo Changpei, Mr. Tang Yongtong, and Mr. Zheng Tianting, lived here with us most of the time. They In addition to going to the city to attend classes at the United Nations University, they usually live with us and get along day and night. The village where we live is only a few dozen households, and it is usually remote and cold, with few people heard. The research institute is located on Baotai Mountain next to Longtou Village. The equipment is simple. The few small earthen houses we live in are not only dormitories, but also libraries, and even cooking and eating. Next door is a dilapidated monastery where only one or two old monks live. We have never seen them worship Buddha or chant scriptures. , and there are no more pilgrims outside. This also adds to our quiet life like an old-style academy. Dozens of teachers and students have nothing else to do except study every day. Since there are no electric lights in the countryside, we are Studying under a vegetable oil lamp... At that time, the director of our institute was Mr. Fu Sinian, but it was the deputy director, Mr. Zheng, who really cared about our study and life."

Because Fu Sinian was not often in Longtou Village or Baotai Mountain, most of the internal affairs of the institute were presided over by Zheng Tianting, so such a joke came out.It said: "Whenever someone visits the Liberal Arts Institute, the old Si Yan who guards the gate will definitely ask: Are you looking for the director or the deputy director?" Then he explained: The director is Fu (deputy) The director and the deputy director are Director Zheng (Zheng).” One day, a man who looked like a young military officer came to Kunming to visit Fu Sinian. The responsible gatekeeper, the old Si Yan, blocked the way, and began to endlessly explain the relationship between the director and deputy director in Kunming dialect.It was hot and hot, and the more the visitor heard, the more confused he became, thinking that the old guy in front of him was pretending to be crazy and foolish, and he was going around in circles to deliberately embarrass himself, so he raised his hand to wipe the sweat from his face, and spoke impatiently in Shandong dialect : "Don't talk nonsense about my dick, I want to see Director Fu, what kind of grandson are you pretending to be?" After finishing speaking, he gave the other party a loud mouth. Lao Yan leaned over and almost fell to the ground. When he got a firm foothold, he saw the man with the size of a black tower, his face was sullen, and there was a fierce light from the corner of his eyes. room, and called Zheng Tianting out, but the two sides stared at each other, and did not know each other.Because of this embarrassing incident, while snickering, the graduate students on the treasure platform made up a couplet, saying: Director Zheng is the deputy director, Director Fu is the director, and directors Zheng and Fu are in charge of the institute. Zhen Baoyu is a fake treasure, Jia Baoyu is a real treasure, and Zhen and Jia Baoyu share the red building. In his later years, Zheng Tianting, at the instigation of people in the education field, wanted to write a long article about this special and meaningful life, and named the students at that time "Baotai Shanzi". Unfortunately, he died before the article was completed. , It's embarrassing. Although Fu Sinian had too many part-time jobs and had little management and guidance on the affairs of the institute and students' studies, he also devoted a lot of effort, especially in the recruitment of tutors and handling the relationship between all parties. On August 26, 1940, Fu wrote in a letter to Hu Shih, the ambassador to the United States: I have also worked hard this year for the University of Peking, but now I am devastated.The Liberal Arts Research Institute of Peking University resumed last year and donated a small amount of money to the Sino-British Geng Foundation. In addition to professors and tutors, Xiang Jueming (South Press: Xiang Da) was invited as a full-time tutor, and Deng Guangming was a teaching assistant. Ten students were tested , all of them are extremely hardworking, and there are excellent ones. As far as students are concerned, there has never been such a prosperity before.Mr. Tang is fair and dedicated to his duties, and he guides well. Xin Tian puts his best efforts and knows everything he can do. They are all very admirable.In addition, such as Yisheng, Gongchao, and Yingzhong are all enthusiastic, and only Congwu is messing around.This person is proud of running the Youth League.He seems honest and honest on the outside, but in fact he is suspicious, and he will never invite a teacher who wins him. Yin Ke believes that he is 'foolish and deceitful', which is based on the words of others.The neighbor scolded Shouyi for being unlearned. I couldn't bear it, so I broke up with him.I asked myself to act as an agent for this matter, and I went to the city a lot for this purpose in a year, and borrowed a large number of books from the Institute of History and Philology, which caused quite a lot of complaints from the Institute of History and Philology, which is really not worth it. The Shouyi mentioned by Fu Sinian is Chen Shouyi, who was originally a graduate studying in the United States. After returning to China, he resigned from the employment of an overseas university. He was hired by Hu Shizhi to teach in the Department of History of Peking University, and served as the dean of the department for a period of time. He was deeply respected by Hu Shi and Fu Sinian.At this time in Kunming, Fu Sinian was ostracized by Yao Congwu, who was the dean of the history department of Peking University.The Congwu mentioned by Fu in his letter is Yao Shiao, named Congwu, from Xiangcheng, Henan Province. He graduated from the History Department of Peking University in 1920 and studied at the University of Berlin in Germany. During this period, he met Fu Sinian, Chen Yinke, Mao Zishui, and Yu Dawei. , Luo Jialun, He Siyuan and others can be regarded as a figure of the European and American school. After returning to China in 1934, he became a professor of the Department of History of Peking University, and two years later became the head of the department. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was a professor of the Department of History of Southwest Associated University.Because of this relationship, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the demobilization of various schools, Yao Congwu did not enter Peking University again, but went to his hometown Henan University to become the president. In June 1948, the People's Liberation Army's siege of Kaifeng started. Yao Congwu resisted stubbornly. Finally, seeing that Kaifeng had fallen and the situation was over, he fled out of the city among the common people.Later, he attempted to restore Henan University in Suzhou, but just as soon as it took shape, he fled to Taiwan under the rumbling artillery fire of the Liberation War, and soon got a teaching position at National Taiwan University, and was able to continue his life as a teacher.One of Yao's students at National Taiwan University named Li Ao described his image in this way: "In my sophomore year, I chose Teacher Yao Congwu's 'History of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties'. This man has a big belly, and he likes it the most when he lectures. Rubbing with hands, white hair, thick and simple shape, he is very old, but he calls himself "brother" to us. After the first class, all the girls in the class laughed and said why he called us brother and brother He is so old, he is called "brother", how unlucky! Teacher Yao Congwu has a lot of messy teeth. I have never seen a person with such messy teeth. His teeth are very big, and there are many. I have always suspected that he is not 'double pupil' but 'double teeth'. He has more teeth than the average person. Of course, I say this without any basis, but judging from the fact that Aristotle made a mistake about the number of his wife's teeth, This feeling of having too many teeth is obviously not unique to me! Teacher Yao Congwu looks like an old farmer in the Central Plains, which actually saved him. He was the president of Henan University, the Communist Party opened the seal, and he was in the chaos. Among them, being able to escape is due to the auspicious man and farmer! Mr. Wu Zuxiang recalled in "Yao Congwu's Historiography" that Mr. Yao was able to escape by "disguising himself as an old farmer". I read it and kept laughing secretly.— ——Yao Zhe is an old farmer in the original costume, so why do you need to put on makeup! Yao Congwu’s teacher’s scientific name is Yao Shiao. He came back from studying in Germany and is the dean of the History Department of Peking University. Although he has drunk foreign ink, he was born in Xiangcheng, Henan, and he is still rustic. The students called the play "Yao Shiao" as "Yao Tugui", which was deeply tabooed by him, so they replaced it with Yao Congwu's name. Once I took a photo with me, and after washing it, I gave him a photo with the title "Shi" on the back. Ao teacher Huicun' and other words. Later, by chance, I saw this photo again, and the word "Shi Ao" on the back had been painted out by him secretly, and it was changed to "Congwu"!" Not only Taiwanese students called Yao Shiao "Yao Tubei", even graduate students in Kunming secretly called Yao Shiao "Yao Tubie" behind their backs.As for the descendants of dilapidated nobles such as Chen Yinke and Fu Sinian, who attach great importance to family disciples and family background, what they usually dislike most in dealing with others is a kind of "earth turtle" who is obedient and tricky.Just think about how Yao Congwu, who is so jealous of talents, tricky and mean, can win the respect of his colleagues.Unfortunately, Yao Shiao accidentally became classmates and colleagues with Chen Yinke and Fu Sinian, two radiant and heavyweight "sea turtles", so he was drawn to the conclusion that "it seems loyal on the outside, but in reality it is suspicious" and "foolish and deceitful". You can't blame the other party for being mean and ungrateful. The Institute of History and Philology moved to Lizhuang, Sichuan, and the graduate students of the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University could have stayed in Kunming. Because Southwest Associated University has almost no books to borrow, and the Institute of History and Philology has a rich collection of books, the graduate students had to be like the Chinese Construction Society chaired by Liang Sicheng. The same moved to Sichuan with the history and language. On September 7, 1940, Zheng Tianting wrote to Fu Sinian in Chongqing, specifically talking about this matter.The letter said: In addition, there is another thing, that is, the site of Peking University's research institute must follow the historical language.This matter has been told to my brother several times, but the brothers seem to disagree.But if you think about it carefully, there is no book in Peking University, and there is no book in Lianhe University. If they are separated from history and language, the result will be to cultivate a group of shallow scholars.Thousands of years later, if those who explore the history of academics find that this generation of shallow scholars is my superior disciple, and this shallow style of study was started by Peking University, it would not be a big deal!I also know that if these more than ten people follow the Institute of History and Philology and leave the United University, it will cause endless troubles for the Institute of History and Philology, and for my brother, but there is really no other way.My brother’s idea: In case the Institute of History and Philology and the United Nations University cannot be in the same place, and graduate students must accompany the Institute of History and Philology, Peking University can invite a professor to accompany it every year or every semester, so as to reduce the trouble of the Institute of History and Philology and bear the burden. Other business responsibilities.What do you think brother?If you think it is feasible, brother, you can get ready at this time! The issues involved in this matter are more complicated. The move of the Institute of History and Philology to Sichuan already has two institutions, the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the China Construction Society. It was his own flesh, or "meat rotten in the pot", after Zheng Tianting's repeated persuasion, Fu Sinian finally agreed.According to the archives of the Institute of History and Philology, graduate students of the Institute of Arts and Philology of Peking University and the Institute of History and Philology successively entered Sichuan and stationed in Lizhuang: Ma Xueliang, Liu Nianhe, Ren Jiyu, Li Xiaoding, Lu Qinli, Yang Zhijiu, etc.As a teaching assistant, Deng Guangming, his classmates at Peking University, his recent assistant researcher, Fu Sinian's nephew Fu Lehuan, etc., also moved to Lizhuang one after another.Several students stayed in Kunming due to various circumstances. For example, Zhou Fagao was unable to make the trip due to car conditions.According to Zhou's recollection: "Ma Xueliang and Liu Nianhe from the language group all went to Lizhuang with the car, but I stayed in the parking lot for several days and failed to go. Thirty years later, in Taiwan, the then president Titiao Mr. Shi Zhangru once expressed his apology to me. Later, in the autumn of 1941, I got the consent of Director Fu and ordered me to go to Lizhuang by car, and the government paid the toll. At that time, I usually sat in the empty seat next to the truck driver. In the end, pay a sum of money to the driver, so that the entrained guests are called 'yellow croakers'. I was taken to Sichuan as a 'yellow croaker'." Several other graduate students who had basically the same fate as Zhou Fagao were also treated as "Yellow Fish" in this way. "Yellow croakers" were brought to Lizhuang by truck drivers one after another. Since Fu Sinian, the director of the Institute of History and Philology, is still the acting director of the Institute of Peking University, it is an unshirkable responsibility to provide students with a proper study environment in Lizhuang.Moreover, the main purpose of Fu Sinian's establishment of this research institute was to recruit graduates to the Institute of History and Philology. The Institute of Liberal Arts at Peking University actually became a preparatory training class for the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica.When the postgraduate students arrived in Lizhuang, they were all arranged to live and live with colleagues from the Institute of History and Philology in Chinli Ao. They usually read and studied in the library and started writing papers.In order to show the existence of this force, Fu Sinian specially asked the graduate students to hang a sign "Peking University Liberal Arts Research Institute Office" at the entrance of their residence, which is displayed as a relatively independent unit to the world.A few years later, when the local government counted foreign academic institutions in Lizhuang, Peking University's Institute of Liberal Arts was also included in it as a matter of course.