Chapter 26 Section 2 The joys and sorrows of standing on a mountain

With China Foundation's service direction set, its attached "Social Investigation Department" seems a bit embarrassing and redundant, and Tao Menghe, who is in charge of it, feels more and more that such a non-natural science research institution belongs to the The China Foundation is really an expedient measure, but ultimately inappropriate for the development of investigation and research.For this reason, Dow felt distressed that this organization could not develop independently, so he planned to pull the pole to make a revolution and set up another hill. In 1928, Tao Menghe disclosed his mood and desire for independence in a letter to Hu Shih, who was the principal of Shanghai China Public School: "There is one thing I plan to ask you for special help, which is to expand our small institution and use Regarding his independence, there are very few people who can understand the importance of social science research. Even if they understand a little bit, they also lack a long-term vision. It is not a long-term strategy for this small organization to be a small vassal of an administrative agency forever. It is better to Suo Xing Stop it." Tao Menghe's "stop" is of course a momentary remark, and what he thinks in his heart is not only not stopping, but independence and growth.He continued, "I am now drafting a proposal and plan, and I would like to ask you to correct it in the future, and I hope that you will make some suggestions at the general meeting in February next year—if you agree."

Hu Shi, who has long been famous in Chinese academic circles, is one of the directors of the China Foundation and has considerable influence on internal personnel. Tao Menghe hopes that he can help make this happen.Immediately afterwards, Dow narrated another kind of depression of his own: "Since my friends left, Beijing has turned into a desert-like desert. We live a life of solitude. I only have eight hours of business every day. Besides, it is in the family. Because the children can't find a suitable husband, the wife has become an old master." Dow's depression is difficult to explain to outsiders, and only a good friend like Hu Shi can be slightly relieved. Confession.But even if you speak humanely to outsiders, you may not get much understanding.In August 1994, many years later, Xiao Qian, a reporter and writer who was supported and cultivated by Lin Huiyin and Shen Congwen, wrote an article "My Study History", which involved Tao Menghe. The article said:

I was born into a poor family.When you sleep on a big kang when you are young, it becomes a "dining room" when you put a dining table on it, and it becomes a "study room" when you put a kerosene lamp at night.But I longed for a study room for a long time—a place dedicated to reading and writing without a bed or a dining table. For scholars or literary workers, it should not be said to be a luxury, it is like a carpenter's workshop .Yet it has been out of reach for most of my life. In the early 1920s, I went to elementary school every day in an alley in Andingmen, Beijing. There was a row of locust trees at the corner of Santiao, and a brick wall next to it. Through the glass, I could see a study room facing the street in the western-style bungalow—— It was later discovered that its owner was the social scientist Tao Menghe.Usually, cross-stitched curtains are hung on the windows, so you can't see the inside clearly.It gets dark early in winter, and the lights in the study are particularly bright.Sometimes I see the master reading or writing at his desk, and sometimes wandering among the rows of bookshelves with a pipe in his mouth.At that time, I seemed to be asking myself: Will I have such a study one day when I grow up?

Xiao Qian, who was looking at the flowers in the mist, saw a beautiful hazy image. While he was envious of this heavenly study in his childhood, he must have guessed how comfortable and carefree the life of the master living in it would be. Think about it.Don't you know that Tao Menghe's heart is filled with great loneliness and desolation at this time. Since June 1928, when the Kuomintang succeeded in the Northern Expedition, Nanjing was the capital, and Beijing was changed to Beiping. As the political center of gravity moved southward, the personnel of the China Foundation also changed accordingly. On January 4, 1929, at the third regular meeting of the board of directors held in Hangzhou Xinxin Hotel, Zhou Yichun was dismissed by the then vice chairman Cai Yuanpei, directors Jiang Menglin, Hu Shi, Weng Wenhao, Yan Huiqing, Gu Lin, Bernold, Stuart, Meng Lu and others were purged, with Cai Yuanpei as the chairman, Meng Lu and Jiang Menglin as the vice-chairmen, Weng Wenhao and Zhao Yuan as the executive committee members, and Ren Hongjun, a classmate and friend of Hu Shi when he was studying in the United States (South note: Hu Shi claimed to be with Ren Hongjun and his wife Chen Hengzhe is a mutual friend), was elected as the director, honorary secretary, and chief executive officer, the power of the China Foundation fell into the hands of Cai Yuanpei and Ren Hongjun, and Ren Hongjun, who held three positions, became a veritable treasurer.At this meeting, Hu Shi resigned and was accepted because the director's term of office had expired.Guo Bingwen, Gu Weijun, Zhang Boling, Yan Huiqing, and Zhou Yichun also resigned for the same reasons as Hu Shi, who were succeeded by Wang Zhaoming, Sun Ke, Li Yuying, Wu Chaoshu, Ren Hongjun, and Zhao Yuanren respectively.Because of Hu Shi's special situation, the meeting seemed to have no obvious "advocacy" for the matter entrusted by Tao Menghe, except that the meeting "resolved to allocate 8,000 yuan of national currency as the interest fund of the Ministry of Social Investigation Fund for this year, and allocated it to the Deposit account for backup." No other apparent actions were recorded.

From June 29th to 30th of the same year, the fifth annual meeting of China Foundation was held in Astor Hotel in Tianjin, attended by Cai Yuanpei, Jiang Menglin, Ren Hongjun, Weng Wenhao, Zhao Yuanren and others.One of the meetings is the re-election of directors.As Wang Zhaoming, Shi Zhaoji, and Jiang Menglin, the three directors, have expired this year, they will be re-elected according to the regulations.The target of this reelection was Wang Zhaoming, who had lost power in the Chiang Kai-shek regime of the Kuomintang.At the same time, all directors Shi Zhaoji and Jiang Menglin were re-elected by unanimous vote at the meeting.This election means that Hu Shi, who had temporarily retreated, made a comeback and entered the power core of the China Foundation. At this time, Hu Shi began to help Tao Menghe's ideal cause.Thanks to Hu Shi's "advocacy", the meeting officially approved the transformation of Tao Menghe's social investigation department into a social investigation institute, and obtained a budget of 40,000 yuan for the second half of the year.Depressed, Tao Menghe finally realized his "great ambition" of starting a rebellion and setting up another mountain, officially becoming an independent research institution.According to the "Social Investigation Institute Overview": "After the reorganization in July 18th, the Institute began to have an independent organization. First, the China Foundation hired Tao Junmenghe as the director, and a social investigation committee was established. The scale of the institute is also slightly Things expand." And "The scale of specialized academic institutions is so rough." ——This was a small victory for Tao Menghe in his struggle for independence with the help of Hu Shi.

Tao Menghe is grateful for Hu Shi's true feelings and bloodthirsty in his crisis.As a reciprocation, Tao Menghe also responded by supporting Hu Shi as much as possible when he encountered difficulties and had to do something. At the end of 1931, Wu Han, Hu Shi’s lover, wrote a letter of recommendation to Hu Shi, in which he said, “I was born with a friend of Peking University, Mr. Qian Jiaju. This time, he wrote the article “The Dissolution of the East India Company and the Opium War” in Wenshi. Although it can’t be said to be successful, it seems to be better than the general self-professed object viewers nowadays who eat alive and cut their toes. Qianjun is a person who is more willing to study hard. He once wrote some Articles such as "Review of the History of the Boycott of Japanese Goods and the Problem of China's Industrialization" and "The Past and Present of Sino-Japanese Diplomatic Relations" published in "Equality" are still somewhat new. He is a freak, I have seen my father who was abandoned by the old bureaucracy since I was a child, and with my own efforts, I have worked and studied until now, and graduated from the Department of Economics of Peking University this year. He really wants to come to see Mr., may I know?"

Wu Han has been rambling so much in the letter, but he actually wants the famous Hu Shi to find an errand for his classmate Qian Jiaju.After seeing the letter, Hu not only cared about Wu's face, but also became interested in and sympathized with Qian Jiaju's thesis topic and unfortunate experience, so he made an appointment to meet.Hu Shi, who is modest and lively, admired Qian Jiaju a lot after some conversations, and thought that this gentleman was a worthy talent, so he unknowingly regarded Qian as "my friend".Since we are friends, we have to do anything for them, and solve problems. When Shi Wei claims that college students "graduation means unemployment", it is not easy to find a job.Teacher Hu, who was in high spirits, thought over and over again, but couldn't find a suitable chair for this young new friend to sit on. Finally, he thought of Tao Menghe's social investigation institute, and wrote a book by hand. Let Qian Jiaju carry it in his arms to come to the door to apply for a job.When Tao Menghe saw Hu Shi's letter, he immediately said that he could set up a chair in the corner for Qian Jiaju to sit on.But after some inquires from the side, I learned that Qian Jiaju was a well-known "troublemaker" at Peking University. He was worried that he was a member of the Communist Party or someone who had something to do with the Communist Party, so he expressed his concerns to Hu Shi.The cheerful Hu Shi dispelled Tao Menghe's worries with a few words: "Troublemakers are not contradictory to research work. Being able to make troubles does not necessarily mean that research work is not good, and they will enter a research institution. What kind of trouble are you afraid of him? As for the Communist Party , I don’t think so! If you don’t need such a talent, who else would you use?” After Hu Shi’s persuasion and reconciliation, Tao Menghe reluctantly agreed.After Qian Jiaju entered the social investigation institute, Hu Shi felt that a matter of concern had been resolved, and he was quite happy. Later, he specifically used Qian and Wu as examples, and published an article in the "Weekly Papers" column of Tianjin "Ta Kung Pao", proving that the society at that time The so-called "unemployment after graduation" is simply untenable. "As long as you have the ability, you will never be unemployed after graduation." ——Of course, Hu Shi, who claimed to "make a little face for the government" several times, would not reveal a word about the twists and turns and the entanglement of interpersonal relationships.Hu Shi, who is not confused, is clear about Qianshi's actions at Peking University. On New Year's Day in 1936, when Qian Jiaju married Yang Liyin, the witness was Hu Shi.Hu said in his speech: "When Qian Jiaju was the president of the student union at Peking University, he was a well-known naughty boss, but at today's wedding, there was no trace of naughtiness. Probably from today, Qian Jiaju has become a Yang Jiaju!" Although it was a joke during the meeting, a man as smart as Hu Shi had already vaguely pointed out Qian Shi's political identity.In fact, Qian Jiaju, who had just turned 17, was admitted to Peking University in 1926 and secretly joined the underground party of the Chinese Communist Party. Qianshi is related to the secret operations of his gang of underground brothers.

Qian Jiaju, who entered the social investigation institute, felt Tao Menghe's tolerance and trust the most.He later recalled: "Mr. Tao knows my political stance, but he has Cai Yuanpei's inclusive demeanor. He never interferes with our research freedom. He judges a person's research performance by looking at his results, not Others." It can be seen from the memories that Tao Menghe was not a fool at that time, he just pretended to be confused because of Hu Shi's affection.However, as far as Tao Meng and his thoughts at the time were concerned, he was indeed able to tolerate people with different ideological tendencies working together. As long as there was no major disturbance, he would just turn a blind eye and close his eyes.Qian Jiaju didn't know that when he arrived, the good days of this investigation station were about to come to an end.

Before the independence of the Social Research Institute chaired by Tao Menghe, the Academia Sinica chaired by Cai Yuanpei established a social science research institute in Nanjing in 1928.At this time, the Academia Sinica is as powerful and powerful as the Shuibo Liangshan back then.At the beginning of the establishment of the Institute of Social Sciences, Cai Yuanpei invited Tao Menghe to go to Nanjing to discuss the organization, intending to let him preside over the work.However, Dow felt that he had already set up a social investigation department in Beiping, that the mountain had already been established, and that he had expansion plans and "ambitions", so he politely declined.Cai Yuanpei saw that the other party had no intention of becoming a general under him, and that he had the ambition to fight against the court, so he invited Chen Hansheng, a doctor who studied in Europe and America, and a professor of the Department of History and Law of Peking University, to be the director. He tried to obstruct it, but failed.In 1929, in order to alleviate the resistance, Cai Yuanpei personally served as the director of the scientific research institute as the dean, and formally invited Chen Hansheng to be the deputy director of the institute, and handed over all the specific work in the institute to Chen Hansheng.

In this way, in China, one in the south and the other in the north, there are actually two camps or mountains with the same research nature.Since Cai Yuanpei still has the capacity to be inclusive, the two families are still living in peace. The investigation institute actually presided over by Chen Hansheng pays special attention to the "three rural" issues. According to his thinking, since Marx discovered the secret of the capitalists' exploitation of workers, he should try it himself. Let's discover the secrets of the poor, especially those in rural areas.Tao Menghe was also very interested in this concept. In 1930, the two sides conducted friendly cooperation on an equal footing. They jointly conducted a rural economic survey in Qingyuan, Baoding, Hebei, and selected 1,578 rural households in 10 natural villages. Detailed investigations and studies were conducted on agricultural labor, wages, livestock, housing and farmhouses, wells and irrigated land, arable land occupation and use, and rent payment forms.

In August 1933, Chen Hansheng attended the Pacific International Conference held in Canada and read out the paper "Land Issues in Modern China".The thesis claims that after Marx, Chen Hansheng himself discovered the secrets of the poor, and believed that the serious "three rural" problems in China were caused by landlords and rich peasants, and that they had to be solved by violent means such as beating local tyrants and dividing land.When Chen's remarks spread to the country, they immediately caused shocks at all levels of society. The party and state officials of the Nationalist government were very dissatisfied with this and immediately gave a severe blow.In the midst of shouts and crusades, Chen Hansheng had no choice but to adopt the strategy of smearing oil on the soles of his shoes-sneaking away, resigned from his post at the Academia Sinica, and sneaked down the hillside with a few hard-core brothers under him, and ran to Shanghai where fish and dragons were mixed. Tan lurks down, ready to stand by and rise.The Institute of Social Sciences of the Academia Sinica has almost become an empty institution with no name and no one, and all kinds of work cannot be operated. At this moment, Ren Hongjun, the secretary-general of the China Foundation, who had a grudge against Tao Menghe's self-reliance, jumped out and said that Tao Menghe had become independent, his back was getting harder, and his breathing was getting worse. The thicker it is, it seems that there is no need to rely on the old nest of the China Foundation.That being the case, simply throw this research institute out and let it be merged into the Academia Sinica.This move not only helped Cai Yuanpei formally, so that the power under his command would not be weakened by Chen Hansheng's escape, but also achieved the purpose of showing color to Tao Menghe and expelling the big backer of the China Foundation.Having made up his mind, Ren Hongjun took the initiative to contact the Academia Sinica.At that time, Yang Xingfo, the director-general of Academia Sinica, was assassinated on June 18, 1933 by agents sent by high-level Kuomintang officials because he formed the "China Civil Rights Protection Alliance" with Cai Yuanpei, Soong Ching Ling, Lu Xun and others.The famous geologist Ding Wenjiang was invited to succeed the director-general of Academia Sinica.Ding listened to what Ren Hongjun said, and expressed his willingness to take over the family business of the Dow Research Institute on the spot, and recruited all the people for his own use.Sophisticated Ding Wenjiang asked Ren Hongjun to join Tao Menghe as a lobbyist first, counting it as throwing stones to ask for directions, and Ding Wenjiang personally went out to win it in one fell swoop when Tao's side had the intention. Unexpectedly, when Ren Hongjun told Tao Menghe about his plan, Tao was furious, and severely denounced the other party's abuse of power, false public benefit, party unity against dissidents, rejection of dissidents and other immoral practices. The purpose of the foundation and the axioms of the academic circle are a blatant provocation and wanton trampling of the legitimate rights and interests of the Peking Research Institute, and an insult to the personal dignity of Dow himself and his staff, so they rejected it on the spot. Seeing that Tao Menghe would be fined if he refused to eat the toast, Ren Hongjun did not back down and expressed his willingness to accompany him to the end.Therefore, with the great power in his hands, Mr. Ren instructed the China Foundation to cut the budget of the investigation institute, cut off its food supply, cut off its financial resources, and make it collapse without a fight, so as to force it to submit.Faced with this fierce move, Tao Menghe was extremely annoyed and indignant. In his letter to Hu Shi, he said: "Shu Yong (according to the south: Ren Hongjun's characters) forced us to be too tight step by step. It promotes the merger (that is, the disguised form of eviction), and then cancels our ownership of the current building and stipulates when we withdraw. Now it is openly demanding that our subsidies be stopped at any time." Tao Menghe's move was to let Hu Shi come forward to "help the brother".But now and then, the current situation is no longer comparable to the "independent movement" when the pole was pulled.When Dow wanted to stand on another hill and achieve hegemony, he just confronted Ren Hongjun alone or a big boss from the China Foundation. Hu Shi could still jump on a horse and hold a gun to help Tao fight, or beat drums outside the battle to cheer for him.And now there is another boss who is "recruiting security" in the middle, the Academia Sinica, and the two top positions in the Academia Sinica are his own teacher Cai Yuanpei and his peer "Brother Ding", although Hu Shizhi is very anxious when he hears this , but felt in a dilemma, and it was inconvenient to help, and was on the sidelines.Due to Hu Shi's cowardice and failure to rescue in time, Tao Menghe soon fell into a desperate situation with no rescuers before and no food for the future.Under such circumstances, Ding Wenjiang, the director-general of the Academia Sinica, who is still known for his ability to handle affairs, rushed out of the headquarters and stood in front of the battle. Adaptation accepted.Tao Menghe saw that the general situation was over, if he did not dismount and accept the surrender, what awaited him would be the fate of losing his helmet and armor and annihilating his entire army.Looking forward and backward, in order to preserve his own strength, he had no choice but to submit in the face of poverty.It is the same as Shi Jin, Zhu Wu, Chen Da, Yang Chun and other leaders of Shaohua Mountain in the Song Dynasty who led their troops to surrender to the powerful Shuibo Liangshan Chao Gai and Song Jiang.In desperation, Tao Menghe had no choice but to give up the separatist forces, and pulled the team from Beiping to Nanjing with a sad mood, accepting the adaptation unconditionally.In Ding Wenjiang's letter to Hu Shi, we can see Tao Menghe's painful feelings and difficult choices at that time: "When Shu Yong raised the issue of merger, Meng He was furious and said ××'oppression and expulsion' .After I have repeatedly communicated...the other party expressed that they can cooperate." Regarding this matter, Ding Wenjiang made the inclusion decision under the banner of avoiding wasting money and talents.Regarding the merits and demerits of this approach, Li Ji later mentioned: "His (Ding Wenjiang)'s reasons are very eloquent in detail. He said that there are not many scientific talents in China, but less money. Spending a dollar now should have a meaning. Nowadays, academic institutions in China often buy a lot of instruments in the name of scientific research, but they are often not used by anyone. Isn’t it a waste of human management? The problem is that responsible people not only have no real understanding of the value of money, but also have no real understanding of the value of people. And this kind of loss is not only a waste of money and talents, but also a waste of human resources. Difficult to estimate, the goal for that pursuit will be farther and farther away.” At that time, not only Li Ji, but almost the entire staff of Academia Sinica were quite in favor of Ding Wenjiang's method of recruiting Tao Meng and this diaspora team.In their eyes, Dow's establishment of another mountain in the north is uncomfortable no matter how you look at it, and they must be under their command to feel at ease.Ding Wenjiang finally got his wish in cleaning up Tao Menghe and the society, and gained a lot.Amid the sound of triumphant songs, Ding Wenjiang continued to line up his troops in the midst of his prestige, intending to take down the Jingsheng Biology Research Institute affiliated to the China Foundation, merge it into the Natural History Museum of the Academia Sinica, and set up a research institute led by the Academia Sinica. Institute of Zoology presided over by Zhi.At this time, the Jingsheng Biological Research Institute affiliated to the China Foundation was founded by Fan Jingsheng, the director of education during the Beiyang government, the first secretary-general of the China Foundation, the president of the Shangzhi Society, and a famous biologist.Fan unfortunately passed away due to illness in December 1927. To commemorate Fan Jingsheng’s unfulfilled ambition to advocate biology, his brother and chemical industrialist Fan Xudong donated the real estate of Fan’s family at No. 83 Shifuma Street in Beijing as the site of the investigation institute. The Shangzhi Society allocated a fund of 150,000 yuan and commissioned the China Foundation to organize the Jingsheng Biology Research Institute. On October 1, 1928, the Statistical Biology Research Institute was formally established, with zoologist and educator Bingzhi as the director, botanist Hu Xianyan and zoologist Shou Zhenhuang as the main members, and Ren Hongjun as the committee member of the survey institute Chairman, Weng Wenhao served as secretary.After the establishment of the investigation institute, all funds were borne by the China Foundation, and it became a dependent mother-child relationship with the China Foundation.Because the researchers of the Institute of Biological Surveys are honestly attached to the big backer of the China Foundation, and have no ambition to rebel against another mountain like Tao Menghe, so when Ding Wenjiang from the Academia Sinica attacked , met the joint resistance of both the head of the China Foundation and the Biological Research Institute. Ding Wenjiang saw that the opponent had no room to take advantage of and could not attack for a long time. Finally, he had to withdraw his troops and return to the city to stop fighting. His ambition to incorporate the Jingsheng Biological Research Institute ended in vain.