Chapter 16 Chapter Four Qingxi Pavilion Drunk Farewell

Not long after Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin left, the situation on the battlefield deteriorated further, and the news from the front line had reached the point where every Chinese would thump their feet and beat their chests. On December 5, the Japanese army began to besiege Nanjing. The 100,000 Chinese defenders fought desperately under the command of the commander Tang Shengzhi. They suffered heavy casualties but failed to stop the fierce Japanese offensive.On the 10th, the powerful Japanese army attacked Yuhuatai, Guanghuamen, Tongjimen, Zijinshan and other strategic places with elite troops and well-equipped weapons at the same time, cutting off the retreat of the Chinese army. .At a critical moment, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the famous general Gu Zhutong to convey to Tang Shengzhi the order to abandon the city and break through the siege, and the whole army retreated northward along Jinpu Road.Since the Japanese army had already cut off the back route, only a few units of the 66th Army and the 83rd Army that participated in the war succeeded in breaking through.

On December 13, the Japanese army captured Nanjing, the capital of China. This ancient capital of the Six Dynasties exuded a strong smell of powder and ink, and was immediately submerged in blood, groans and wailing of despair.The officers and soldiers of the national army who put down their weapons were massacred, and 300,000 unarmed and innocent citizens were killed. The Japanese emperor's army crazily raped the crying women in the streets and alleys like beasts uncaged.During the massacre for more than 40 consecutive days, dead bodies were scattered everywhere, and the Yangtze River became a flowing river of blood.

When the news came out, the whole world was shocked.The Japanese people on the other side of the sea couldn’t hold back the ecstasy in their hearts, shouting and flocking to the streets of Tokyo, setting off fireworks, parading with lanterns, cheering, “The war is coming to an end, China has been completely conquered by the invincible Imperial Japanese Army” and other slogans .The streets and alleys of the four islands in Japan were shining with lights, and crowds were surging. Many people hugged each other and wept with joy.At this time, everyone in the world who is concerned about China's destiny felt the strong shock and cry of blood from the Far East in the mid-winter of 1937.

Immediately afterwards, heavyweight provincial capital cities such as Hangzhou and Jinan fell one after another in late December. As important military towns such as Baoding, Shijiazhuang, and Xinxiang along the Ping-Han Railway fell one after another, and areas such as Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhu along the Yangtze River fell, the arrogant Japanese army began to gather elite troops and marched southwest along the Yangtze River on a large scale. The three important military towns of Wuhan at the intersection of the main lines immediately became the focus of attention of both China and Japan and the main battlefield for the upcoming life-and-death struggle.

On December 14, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Wuchang from Jiangxi and urgently deployed military defense.The Supreme Command of the Nationalist Government intensified the planning and assembly of troops for the Wuhan General War.At the same time, the Japanese cabinet and the headquarters held a joint meeting and proposed four new conditions for peace talks with China: China's renunciation of the War of Resistance; recognition of Manchukuo; establishment of a demilitarized zone; compensation to Japan. On December 15, Chiang Kai-shek convened a meeting of senior cadres of the Kuomintang to discuss. At that time, he made a lot of nonsense, spreading the theory of defeat and subjugation.The next day, he proposed to Chiang Kai-shek, "I want to organize the organization with a third party as a cover" and so on.At this time, Wang Jingwei tried to abandon the national policy of the War of Resistance, set up a different style outside the National Government, and command the princes.Kong Xiangxi, the vice president of the Executive Yuan, also changed from "inclining to peace talks" to "maintaining peace and power" in a random manner.

Faced with the yelling and wailing of a bunch of idiots and idiots, Chiang Kai-shek tried his best to resist all opinions, advocating that even if there is only one soldier left, he must fight to the end and swear to the death.In order to strengthen the confidence of the army and the people in the War of Resistance, on December 17, Chiang Kai-shek published the "Message to the National People", calling on the army and the people of the whole country to give up all illusions of peace talks, resolutely and unwaveringly unite to resist Japan, and publicly put forward the strategic policy of "protracted war" "The center of the final decisive victory in China's protracted war is not only not in Nanjing, but also not in the major cities, but in the country's countryside and the strong hearts of the people. Our compatriots all over the country can truly understand that the enemy has nothing to do with it." If you are spared, the father tells his son, and the brother encourages his younger brother. Everyone is against the enemy and fortifies every step of the way. Then the land of 40 million square miles will be able to form a strong barrier, visible and invisible, from the inside to the outside, so that the enemy will die....Finally victory It must belong to me." This was the first time that China's top political and military leaders publicly proposed a military strategic concept of protracted war against Japan to win the final victory.

On December 29, Chiang Kai-shek, under strong pressure from the Wang puppet capitulators and all pessimists, had a talk with Yu Youren, the veteran of the Kuomintang and the head of the Supervisory Yuan, and reiterated in a tough stance that the four conditions for the peace talks proposed by Japan were " It is tantamount to perdition and conquest, and our country has no room for consideration, and we should resolutely state that it is better to perish in defeat than to submit to perish.” ——This was Chiang Kai-shek’s last important speech in 1937 at the most difficult moment of China’s war of resistance.At this time, Chiang Kai-shek once again expressed his firm belief that he would rather die than die, and vowed to fight the Japanese invaders to the death.The significance of this belief and political strategy is just as Jiang Tingfu, a famous historian, diplomat, former professor of Tsinghua University, and former director of the Political Affairs Department of the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist Government, said: "Before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, the Chairman carefully avoided any stimulus to Japan. He is more aware of the seriousness of the war with Japan than others, whether it is material or personnel. Once the war started, he never expressed that he would accept the peace terms proposed by the Japanese side... He believes that in Talking about peace during the extraordinary period of military defeats, once it fails, will affect morale. Even if the peace talks can succeed, it can only reach a kind of peace that is not conducive to China.” Therefore, “China and the whole world are still I don’t know the strength of Generalissimo Chiang during the eight years of the War of Resistance.”

The war is imminent, and the distance between Changsha and Wuhan is only 300 kilometers. Once Wuhan falls, the enemy will go back to the water, and Changsha will not be able to support it alone.Facing the crisis, whether it is the newly established temporary university or the research institute of Academia Sinica in Changsha, they are once again faced with the historic choice of emigration and exile. Where is the place to live?The Changsha Provisional University Committee was vacillating between moving to Chongqing or Kunming. Some teachers and students believed that the foothold was settled, and the music would not stop.Zhang Zhizhong, Chairman of the Hunan Provincial Government, also believed that there was no need to relocate the school after hearing the news, and said: "Even if Changsha is not safe, you can find another place in Hunan, and the provincial government is still willing to fully support the running of the school." The Guangxi Provincial Government heard the news, Quickly dispatched staff to Changsha to contact the Standing Committee of Linda University, and actively suggested moving to Guilin or other safe cities in Guangxi. The Guangxi government and people are willing to fully support this.

After careful consideration of these suggestions, the Standing Committee believes that if Wuhan abandons its defense, Changsha will be attacked. At that time, the whole city will be plunged into chaos and war.In order for the school to continue running in a leisurely manner, it is necessary to plan ahead and move to a relatively safe place before Changsha is attacked by the enemy.After repeated discussions, the members of the Standing Committee finally decided to move to Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province. The reasons were: Kunming is located in the southwest, far from the front line, and there is a Yunnan-Vietnam Railway that can lead to overseas, so it is more convenient to purchase books and equipment.The more important strategic significance is that once the entire inland area is captured and blocked by the Japanese army, the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway can be used to deal with it in the southwest and even overseas, so as to preserve the last batch of cultural seeds for national rejuvenation.Long Yun, who was the chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government at the time, heard about it and expressed great enthusiasm.But this person belonged to a warlord who dominated one side, known as the king of Yunnan, and he was at odds with Chiang Kai-shek. He was regarded by Chiang as a person like Wei Yan in the Three Kingdoms era who had a rebellious personality in the back of his head and needed to be on guard day and night (South note: later facts proved over this).Therefore, neither Wang Shijie nor the bureaucrats of the Ministry of Education dared to make a decision about this plan.In anxiety, Jiang Menglin went straight to Wuhan to meet Chiang Kai-shek to make a statement, but it was inconvenient to stick a needle in the tire of the car—to be discouraged, and to frankly say that once Wuhan abandoned the defense, he only said that Kunming could go directly to overseas through Annan, etc. Chiang Kai-shek knew it well .After repeated consultations, it was finally approved by the highest authority in early January 1938.

On January 20, the 43rd meeting of the Standing Committee of Changsha Provisional University made a decision to start the winter vacation immediately and to attend classes in Kunming in the next semester.It is stipulated that all teachers and students should report in Kunming before March 15. At the same time, a series of specific measures for school relocation were passed, and a Kunming office headed by Jiang Menglin was established. On February 15, Jiang Menglin flew to Kunming to preside over the establishment of the school. While Jiang Menglin, a high-ranking member of the temporary university, was running back and forth to discuss the relocation, several standing members of the Changsha Workstation Committee of the Academia Sinica were also urgently discussing how to advance or retreat.At this time, Cai Yuanpei, the president of Academia Sinica, had transferred to Hong Kong, and Fu Sinian moved to Chongqing with the head office of Academia Sinica.In the absence of a leader, several members of the Academia Sinica failed to reach a consensus in discussions in Changsha, and no one knew where it would be more beneficial to wander.In his capacity as a standing member of the Changsha Workstation Committee of the Academia Sinica, Liang Siyong and Li Ji, the acting director of the Institute of History and Philology, convened a meeting of key personnel in the institute to discuss whether the institute would stay or stay.After a heated debate between the benevolent and the wise, although the target could not be finally determined, he finally came up with a rough coping strategy. This is what Shi Zhangru said in his memoirs many years later: "For the sake of my colleagues here I can’t stay and work in Changsha because of my safety, so I have to move again. Although the location of the move has not yet been determined, there is only one prerequisite principle: if your family is not in danger, you should go home first; The location is undecided; if you don’t want to follow where you want to go, you can do it yourself. After deciding on this principle, let each group discuss on its own.”

After consultation, the archaeological group (three groups) of the Institute of History and Philology decided to finish the work at hand as soon as possible, and hand over all the work to the director Li Ji, and then discuss the issue of personal fate.After a few days of intense work, all the materials were collected and packed in order. If someone else takes over in the future, they can continue to work in the original order without being confused.After the work was over, Li Ji convened a meeting of all members of the archaeological team to decide whether to stay or not.The result of the discussion is: Li Ji is the director of the group and cannot leave; Dong Zuobin specializes in studying oracle bones, and all the oracle bones unearthed in Anyang require him to be responsible for the preservation and research, so he cannot leave; He is a member of the Standing Committee of the Changsha Workstation Management Committee of the Academia Sinica. Even if he leaves, he will have to wait for the affairs of the various institutes to come to an end before leaving, so he will not move for the time being.At the same time, Li, Dong, and Liang belong to the senior committee members of the Academia Sinica, and they each have family members. There are old people on the top and young children on the bottom. , the steps forward are not easy to take. The "Big Three" Li, Dong, and Liang couldn't escape, but the "Ten King Kong" of the Archaeological Group of the Institute of History and Philology had to go their separate ways. The boss Li Jingdan is from Anhui, and his hometown has not yet fallen, so he expressed his willingness to go back.The second son, Shi Zhangru, was from Yanshi, Henan. At that time, the Luoyang area was still under the control of the Chinese government. Yanshi was part of the Luoyang area that had not yet been occupied. Therefore, Shi Zhangru also returned to his hometown to live temporarily.The third son, Li Guangyu, was from Hebei. Although the remote village in his hometown was not occupied by Japanese devils, he had been in charge of managing the unearthed artifacts of the three groups, so he could not leave.The fourth Liu Yao (Yin Da) is from Huaxian County, Henan Province, and his hometown has been occupied. He himself said that he would join the army and go to Yan'an to join the Communist Party to fight against Japan.Regarding this choice, everyone felt that the national army led by the central government was just around the corner, and the Wuhan General War, which was a matter of life and death for the entire Chinese nation, was about to start. The Yangtze River, crossing the Yellow River, trekking through mountains and rivers, traveling thousands of miles to the valley behind to fight against Japan in a guerrilla style of "the enemy advances and retreats, the enemy runs and chases", it is quite unreasonable and too "smooth", and I worry about this "guerrilla" Will it become what Chiang Kai-shek called "swimming without striking".But thinking that people have their own ambitions, that it is going to rain, and that my mother is going to get married, I don't care about it and let him go. After being excavated in Anyang, Yin Huanzhang, the fifth eldest of the "Ten King Kong", was stayed by the Henan Historical Site Research Association to help. He never went to Changsha at all, so there was no problem of leaving or staying.The sixth son, Qi Yanpei, is from Shandong. His hometown has fallen and his family has fled to Chongqing. He decided to go to Chongqing to find his relatives.The old seven Hu Fulin (Houxuan) is from Hebei, and his hometown belongs to the first group to fall. He didn't have the guts, and he was unwilling to go to the battlefield to die, so he had no choice but to say that he would follow him. Lao Ba Wangxiang is from Nanyang, Henan Province, and his hometown has not yet fallen, but he is young and energetic, brave and ruthless. The world is going downhill, people's hearts are not old, everyone is drunk and I am awake alone" and other shocking rhetoric.At that time, Changsha Temporary University had announced to the students that those who wished to serve in the national defense agencies had to keep their student status and be introduced by the school. Zhang Boling also served as the captain of the military training team of the Temporary University and the captain of the student wartime rear service team.According to Jiang Menglin in his autobiography "Western Tide and New Tide", with this wartime regulation, a total of more than 350 students of the Temporary University devoted themselves to the army, or participated in various wartime institutions (South Press: Peking University History A total of 295 people were recorded). ——This was the harbinger of a large number of Southwestern Associated students joining the army, and it was also the beginning of the ups and downs of these young students' lives.Affected by this trend, Wang Xiang decided to follow the students from the Temporary University to the front line to participate in the War of Resistance. ".Since Wang Xiang himself had this kind of blood and passion, and was willing to hold his head up on the battlefield to resist the Japanese army's command sword, others could only express their approval with words such as "very good, good, he peed standing up", and did not persuade him to stay. Same goes with him. Lao Jiu Gao Quxun, a native of Baoding, Hebei, whose pots and stoves in his hometown had long been turned into mangers for Japanese soldiers to feed horses, had no choice but to decide to live and die with the Institute of History and Language.The tenth old man, Pan Que, was appointed as the antiquities escort by default, so naturally he couldn't leave.In this way, among the "Ten Great King Kongs", except for one Yin Huanzhang who originally stayed in Kaifeng, there were "Five Great King Kongs" who had to leave, and only four remained.Once this number and result become a foregone conclusion, everyone's heart will be cast with a layer of indescribable sadness and desolation. The question of whether to stay or not was finally settled amidst the quarrel, and when it got dark, Liang Siyong and Li Ji decided that all three groups of the Institute of History and Philology would hold a farewell banquet at Qingxi Pavilion, a well-known restaurant in Changsha.According to the memories of Li Ji and others, this Qingxi Pavilion is a small and well-known Hunan restaurant in Changsha, which also sells noodles. The store is located at the corner of Yutang Street in Bajiaoting.The "Braised Noodles" sold in the store are made of crushed shiitake mushrooms, golden hooks and seafood leftovers. There are many sizes, and the umami taste is different from that of Chang's. It is very popular among diners and is a place where people from all walks of life gather.It’s just that the shop owner at the time did not expect that Qingxi Pavilion’s reputation spread far and wide, especially in the academic circles on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, not because of the sudden nuclear fission-like physical reaction of the “halogen noodles” it sold, which aroused the vigilance of the world. , the real reason is related to an event that cannot be ignored in the cultural history-the gathering of colleagues from the archaeological group of the Institute of History and Philology.It is precisely because of this extraordinary dinner that it has the honor to leave a mark in the long river of Chinese cultural history. In addition to the "Li, Dong, and Liang" Big Three and the "Nine King Kongs", the participants this evening also included several technicians.Due to the large number of people, a room is divided into two tables to sit around.At this time, everyone's emotions were a little excited, and sadness and sadness came to their hearts invisible. Before the food was served, several young people started to order wine, and they drank quickly. The "Big Three" don't drink too much, and they can barely cope.And the young northern men who often go to the fields to dig graves, such as Wang Xiang, Liu Yao, Shi Zhangru, Qi Yanpei, etc., have a bit of the heroism of the Central Plains heroes and Shandong thieves eating meat and drinking in big bowls.After filling up the wine glasses in front of each other, several men can't wait to call for the banquet to begin. Everyone stood up holding their wine glasses, and the "Nine King Kongs" looked at each other with stern faces, shouting "Long live the Republic of China!"The second glass of wine was brought up, and everyone shouted "Long live the Academia Sinica!" They drank it down in one gulp.Picking up the third glass of wine, he shouted "Long live the history and language!", and drank it down again.The fourth cup is called "Long live the Archaeological Team!" The fifth cup is "Long live the Yinxu Excavation Team!" The sixth cup is called "Long live the Shandong Antiquities Research Association!" is the standing committee member), the seventh cup is "Long live the Henan Antiquities Research Association!", the eighth cup is "Mr. Li (Ji) is healthy!", the ninth cup is "Mr. Dong (Zuobin) is healthy!", the tenth cup It is "Mr. Liang (Siyong) is healthy!", and the eleventh cup is "Ten King Kong is healthy!".Drinking so happily and drippingly, several young "King Kong" have followed the five steps of "gentle wind and drizzle - whispering - bold words - nonsense - silence" in the wine field of the past dynasties. , suddenly promoted to the level of "nonsense".After a group of enthusiastic crowds, the most valiant "Four King Kongs", such as Wang Xiang, Qi Yanpei, Liu Yao, Shi Zhangru, etc., shook their wine glasses a few times, their eyes turned black, their legs trembled. After a "plop, plop", he fell down, and instantly entered the so-called "highest state" of "silence" and unconsciousness in the wine shop.The next day, Liu Yao, Shi Zhangru and other "Five King Kong" woke up from their intoxication, each packed their luggage, bid farewell to the colleagues of the Institute of History and Languages ​​with tears in their eyes, and left Changsha and scattered.