Chapter 7 Chapter 5 The giant current river that cannot be crossed

In my memory, my father Qi Shiying was a gentle gentleman all his life.He said that was really the beginning of his ideal, to be a man with a personal look. When he was young, he lived with his grandmother in the garrison of his grandfather's army, experienced the life of a military camp, and saw many rural areas in the north. Virtue is often followed by indifference and ignorance.During the three years when he went to Tianjin to attend Xinxue Academy at the age of fifteen, he received a British-style education, and he wanted to cultivate a polite gentleman.In Tianjin, he often heard the rude ridicule of Zhang Zuolin's Fengjun from "Guanli people".Like the flag-raising ceremony, Xinxue College has a morning class of reading the Christian Bible. Although the students are not forced to convert, it leads them to think about spiritual problems. What is the meaning of life?

At the age of 18, he received government fees to study in Japan, and further understood a modern country. The common upbringing of the people is to be clean and law-abiding, and those with higher education levels pay attention to gentle etiquette and encourage the pursuit of knowledge.There is a strong thought of loyalty to the country, so Japan is so small, but it has become a powerful country in Asia. He entered Tokyo No. 1 High School and studied Japanese well. One year later, he was distributed to Kanazawa No. 4 High School in central Japan facing the Sea of ​​Japan. At that time, there were only eight science schools in Japan.The school is strong in all subjects and pays attention to language education. In addition to Japanese, English and German are eight hours a week each. He has been here for three years and has laid a solid foundation for lifelong reading.At first, I often went to church and read some Christian books, but I couldn't feel satisfied, so I went to read philosophy books.At that time, there was a teacher who had a great influence on him, Nishida Jitaro, who originally taught at the Kanazawa Fourth High School, and later went to Kyoto Tei University to teach philosophy, and guided him to read books on philosophy, economics and socialism, especially Kawagami Hajime's "The Story of the Poor" Waiting, let him deeply feel that the society is full of various injustices.Since he didn't have that much money to buy books, he made an appointment with the bookstore that after he bought the book, he would not make it dirty, and he could get 20% off the money to buy other books when he sent it back to the bookstore after reading it.It is rainy in Kanazawa, and the snow is very deep in winter. He can often close the door and read. Over time, he has grown from a smart and active boy to a young man who thinks deeply and enjoys reading.

At the age of 22, following in the footsteps of his cousin, he went to study in Berlin, Germany, where he studied in the Department of Philosophy and Economics. He carefully read Marx's "Das Kapital" and many socialist treatises.But I feel that there are many unsolvable questions in my heart, and the foundation of ultimate thinking cannot be established, so I feel quite hesitant.At that time, Germany had just been defeated, inflation was high, and Chinese and Japanese silver coins were very valuable. He and his classmates lived well, and they often played together, which gave them more opportunities to understand German society, but delayed their study time.In the next semester, I transferred to Heidelberg University and studied under the masters of philosophy of history, HeinriCh RiCkert and Alfred Weber (the younger brother of the late Max Weber). He listened wholeheartedly and often asked questions after class.The School of Philosophy of History analyzes the phenomena of life from the perspective of political economy, clarifies the necessity of rational thinking in the research process, and also reminds him of the differences in regional realities, and cannot impulsively and enthusiastically use theories (such as "Das Kapital") to set big policies . ——This was an inspiration to him throughout his life, making him firmly believe that only true knowledge and reasonable education can subtly save a weak China, rather than a passionate mass movement.The social and cultural problems left behind by the class revolution, which uses unscrupulous means to achieve its goals, need more rational solutions to make up for it.

During those two years, crossing the bridge after class and wandering on the banks of the Nika River was the only happy time in my life.The torrents of the river in spring often reminded him of the turbid current of the Liao River thawing.Young people's ambitions are also often turbulent and unstoppable. He remembered that when he was five years old, he wore a pair of new cotton shoes and walked on the bank of the Liao River, surrounded by his mother, running and dancing in a lively manner. There was a voice in his heart. Calling: Go back to education, my beautiful and vast hometown! I must work hard to improve my skills, and use the most rational way to go back to education... What I have learned today will one day allow me to repay you for your lack of parenting .

The first big setback in his life was the death of his cousin in Freiburg in southern Germany due to tuberculosis. At first he concealed it for a while, but soon his uncle passed away in his hometown.Why can't my son go to the funeral? I have to go home with his ashes.When he returned to Shenyang, his family resolutely forbade him to go out again, and his dream of pursuing knowledge was interrupted. He was twenty-five years old that year.After the funeral, he left the villa and returned to Shenyang City, wanting to find another way, and then enter the road of cultivation.In Shenyang at that time, it was a matter of great importance for a government-funded overseas student to return from Germany.General Guo Songling, a classmate and good friend of his father's at Fengtian Armed Forces Academy.Thinking it was inconvenient for him to live in a hotel, he invited him to move to Guo's house.One month outside the Great Wall, the roads are blocked by ice and snow, so it is most suitable for long-night talks. The two can talk about local affairs, national affairs and world affairs, and talk about everything.General Guo's respected guests often invite him to talk when they visit, and young people who return to China can get a macro view of the situation in their hometown. What he saw in Japan and Germany also aroused great interest from the listeners.In particular, after Germany's defeat in the First World War, the economy nearly collapsed and the people's life was difficult, but the people showed their national self-esteem and firm will to get out of the predicament everywhere.Their old buildings and mansions built with stone foundations, the colonnades are still trimmed, the road trees in front of the gate, and the stone-built streets and alleys have a sense of stability with a deep cultural foundation.At that time, the Northeast was already in danger under the covetousness of Japan and Russia. What's the point of participating in the melee of warlords?When will the common people in China receive adequate education and get out of the muddle-headed situation of being at the mercy of others? ——He didn't know that these long conversations in Xue Ye, which were filled with strong indignation and a sense of reform mission, changed his life's destiny by chance.

Since ancient times, the legendary figures outside the Great Wall have all been brave and skilled horsemen and archers, who kept the country and gathered together for education.General Guo Songling was born in Yuqiaozhai Village, Liaoning Township in the ninth year of Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty (1883).From a poor family, he studied privately for several years at the age of fifteen, and entered Fengtian Armed Forces Academy. After graduation, he entered Sichuan with Zhu Qinglan's (1874-1941) army, and joined the Tongmenghui in the Sichuan New Army.After graduating from the Army University at the age of thirty-three, he was recommended by Zhu Qinglan, the governor of Guangdong Province, to serve as a guard in Sun Yat-sen's Dharma-protecting military government and as an instructor in the Shaoguan Lecture Hall.He is knowledgeable and insightful, and he urges young people to become patriotic soldiers with democratic ideas in his lectures.After the Revolution of 1911, the country's military and political chaos were chaotic. He experienced the pain of national turmoil from north to south in the army. He had a broad vision of the situation. He returned to the newly established Northeast Lecture Hall as a tactical instructor. His students admired Instructor Guo very much, and invited him to join Fengjun, reform the army and form a new army, and cooperate sincerely in everything.In the two Zhifeng Wars, Guo Jun made great achievements in combat power and tactics.But what is the significance of entering the customs and participating in the war? The hometown is fertile and wild, and there is a shortage of people for farming, while young officers and soldiers are casualties in foreign lands, and the survivors are in a miserable situation. It is really necessary to stop fighting and educate.

In the eyes of young people returning from Europe, the concept of the new army is very attractive.At that time, General Guo was already the leader of the new army, with a prominent position, a dignified appearance, and capable of doing everything.Ms. Guo's wife, Ms. Han Shuying, graduated from Yenching University. The husband and wife are deeply in love. Both of them like to study, accept new ideas, make friends, and talk mostly with the country as their own responsibility.General Guo, Zhang Xueliang and others had planned to establish a middle school to educate the children of the bereaved soldiers, and named it "Tongze Middle School" to show their affection.Knowing that after my father returned to China, he was determined to run education and cultivate new ideas for young people in his hometown, so he was appointed as the principal. He consulted English, German, and Japanese schools to formulate regulations, laid a good foundation, and invited excellent teachers from all over the country.Before the Puppet Manchukuo, Tongze Middle School was not affected by the political situation and had been running very well. Later, "Tongze Girls Middle School" was added.At the same time, it is also planning to establish a university that truly studies knowledge, is not controlled by those in power, and does not aim at training officials.

Tongze Middle School was established. Before the school building was completed, part of the newly built barracks in the Dongshanzuizi Barracks in Shenyang City was first borrowed, and the rest was used by the officer education class.In the summer of that year, three classes of students under the age of 14 were first recruited (Song Changzhi, who was the commander-in-chief of the Navy after arriving in Taiwan, was a student at that time).Such a promising job is really the realization of a youthful dream... The young principal is busy working happily, teaching teachers, courses, and students...you must do it wholeheartedly.The Dongshanzuizi barracks is about 20 miles away from Shenyang, and a small train used to build the barracks enters the city. His mood is really like that of the small locomotive, full of courage to move forward.

Such happy days came to an end in less than a year.In 1925, one night in early November, General Guo called him to go to the city immediately for an interview. At that time, the engine of the small train had been turned off.General Guo said that he was ordered to lead his troops into the customs. He first went to Tianjin and invited him to go with the army. The school affairs director asked him to act as his agent, and he had to leave the next day.A few days after arriving in Tianjin, General Guo was admitted to the Yiguo Hospital in the Italian Concession, and told him that this time he entered the customs to fight against the five-provincial coalition forces convened by Sun Chuanfang after the Second Fengzhi War to consolidate the Fengjun in Hebei, Shandong, The territory of Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces.Guo Jun is an ever-victorious army, but he has long been tired of this policy of poor soldiers and dark weapons. The officers and soldiers suffered heavy casualties, and he did not know why he fought.After he was stationed in Tianjin, he immediately invited core cadres and officers above the regiment commander to a meeting. Those who were willing to follow him back to the division signed the plan for the peaceful development of Northeast China, and those who did not want to stay in Li Jinglin's troops in Tianjin.Except for a few generals who had followed Zhang Zuolin for many years and were inconvenient to participate in the "rebellion", everyone signed.

General Guo invited my father to be responsible for seeking international support when he returned to the division. First, he had to obtain the neutrality of the Japanese troops stationed on the Manchuria Railway.In Tianjin, there were also several celebrities in the political circles in Guanzhou.Such as Rao Hanxiang (formerly Li Yuanhong's secretary-general), Yin Rugeng, Gao Xibing, Yang Mengzhou, Su Shangda, Fan Guang, Lin Changmin (the father of Lin Huiyin) and Lu Chunfang.Wang Zhengting, who had been promised to be the head of the foreign affairs department, had not yet arrived (later he became the foreign minister of the Nationalist government).First, Qi Shiying will act as the Director of Foreign Affairs.Everyone is very confident in Guo Jun's innovative ideal of returning to Shenyang and not participating in the warlord civil war.On the eve of returning to the army, General Guo said to everyone, "It's a good thing to succeed in this matter, but if it fails, everyone will have to die."

On November 22, General Guo sent his troops to Wanzhou, Hebei, and sent a telegram asking Zhang Zuolin to stop fighting and leave the field, and the general's power was handed over to Zhang Xueliang.The content of the telegram is: The officers and soldiers who entered the customs and participated in the war suffered heavy casualties, the survivors had no family to depend on, and the people's livelihood was difficult.Japan and Russia invaded the Northeast more and more urgently, so they must recuperate, reserve strength to resist foreign aggression, and never participate in civil wars again.Revitalize education and make every effort to build a hometown rich in resources throughout the country.After Zhang Zuolin received the call, he sent a telegram the next day, not mentioning the request to stop the war and go to the field, but only to invite General Guo to return to Shenyang for an interview.It was clearly a Hongmen Banquet.Guo Jun sent a second telegram from Wanzhou the next day, but did not receive a reply, so he set out to attack.After exiting Shanhaiguan, heading north from Qinhuangdao, along the coastline to Lianshan, we encountered a snowstorm that has never happened in a century, the temperature dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius, and the sea was frozen, making it possible for people and horses.That night, Guo Jun's forward second army crossed the sea to surprise Zhang Zuolin's defenders, captured Huludao, and entered Jinzhou three days later.When the news spread to Shenyang, the whole city was shaken. Master Zhang urgently mobilized dozens of large trucks full of property accumulated by the Yuanshi Mansion, and transported them to the warehouse of the Japanese office of the Manchuria Railway for storage.When the master’s mansion was surrounded by piles of firewood and large gasoline barrels, and he was about to flee, he burned the mansion. The provincial council, various general chambers of commerce, etc. jointly called General Guo after he entered the city. military activity." ——At this time, the Fengjun reached an agreement with the Japanese garrison along the Manchuria Railway to contain Guo Jun, and urgently dispatched the garrison in Jilin and Heilongjiang to help, and formed an array on the east bank of the Juliu River to fight.Guo Jun captured Xinmin City on December 20 and was preparing for battle on the west bank of the Juliu River. The forward troops could already see the lights of Shenyang, and the main force was about to forcibly cross the river when they arrived at Xinmin City.However, the long-distance march, the severe wind and snow, and insufficient supplies of winter clothes, he went to Jinzhou to recuperate for a few days to give Zhang Jun time to mobilize troops.This delay also gave the opponent many opportunities to infiltrate and divide. The difficulties increased and the military spirit was complicated. Guo Jun, who was brave and good at fighting, was shaken when the opponent shouted: "Eat Zhang's family food, don't beat Zhang's family!"After three days of confrontation at the Juliu River, they could have crossed the river in one go and reached Xinglong Fort, which is only ten miles away from the Fengjun headquarters. However, at the critical moment, the shells fired by Guo Jun did not explode because someone defused them.In the early morning of the 24th, Guo Jun's chief of staff, Zou Zuohua, and three other people had become Feng Jun's internal support, forcing General Guo to surrender, and sent a telegram requesting surrender.General Guo led more than 200 guards to leave Xinmin. If they rode fast horses, they could easily escape the danger and seek a new life. However, Mrs. Guo and the literati Rao Hanqun and others could not ride horses. He caught up with him on horseback and was ordered to shoot him on the spot to avoid any change.Before his execution, Guo Songling said in his last words: "I advocate great righteousness. Elimination of thieves is not enough, and death is solid; there are comrades in the future, please follow this blood!" Guo's wife Han Shuxiu said: "My husband died for the country, and I died for my husband. My husband and wife can have no regrets." Guo Songling is forty-two years old, and Han Shuxiu is thirty-six years old.The corpse was transported back to Shenyang City, where it was exposed for three days in Xiaoheyan Square.The family members were allowed to collect the funeral.The corpses of the Guo couple were exposed in the large square along the Xiaohe River. On Christmas Day, snow fell from the sky and covered the corpses on the frozen land. They became the cleanest and most peaceful coffins. No one dared to worship and wept far away. The tears shed by relatives and friends immediately froze into ice. Those who participated in Guo Jun's rebellion were doomed to die, but Zhang Zuoxiang, an old brother who came out of the green forest to fight the world with Zhang Zuolin, had a generous personality and a high degree of intelligence. He persuaded him, "You can't do this. In the future, it will be worth it?" This sentence has saved many lives.After the rebels returned to their original posts, they became more loyal and dedicated, which also prolonged Fengjun's political life. Later, it was learned that Lin Changmin, who joined Guo Jun, was killed by a stray bullet on the way out with General Guo.Rao Hanqun was on the way to Shenyang, the escorting soldiers asked him, "What do you do?" He said, "I am a writer." Home. However, Zhang's father and son specially offered a reward for arresting Qi Shiying, thinking that the overseas students sent by Zhang's family came back to oppose him and incite Guo Jun's mutiny, so they had to be captured and killed.For many years, they thought that the Northeast belonged to the Zhang family, and the government-subsidized international students selected by the government's public examination were sent by the Zhang family, and they could only be loyal to his family. At dawn on December 24, Qi Shiying went to the Xinmin Temporary Headquarters to prepare to cross the Juliu River, but General Guo was forced to flee at midnight.During the rebellion, he took five people from the Foreign Affairs Office, Yin Rugeng, Liu Youhui, Yang Mengzhou, Su Shangda, and Lu Chunfang who caught up later, to the Japanese Consulate in Xinmin City to seek temporary shelter because he had been for the Japanese Consulate in the previous two days. The Japanese army negotiated with the Japanese side on the issue of stationing troops along the Manchurian Railway Several times, without further questions and answers at this time, he was granted political asylum. The Feng army surrounded the Japanese consulate and demanded the extradition of the six people.Moka Yoshida, the Japanese Consul General in Shenyang, sent ten policemen to Xinmin to prevent Fengjun from entering the consulate to protect the political prisoners.Yoshida Shigeru's (1878-1967) humane decision not only saved the lives of these six people, but also showed his political courage to dare to act and take responsibility throughout his life.His father, Tsuna Takeuchi, was the leader of the predecessor of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, and left him a huge family property as political capital.His father-in-law, Makino Nobuaki, was an important official in the palace after the Meiji Restoration, and cultivated macro political wisdom for generations.During his tenure as Consul General in Shenyang, he observed the political situation in northern China and looked down on Zhang Zuolin very much.It is ignorant and short-sighted to think that he sits on such a rich land in the Northeast and does not know how to cultivate the social well-being of the people and improve their culture and education.It is said that when he talked about Zhang Zuolin in the consulate, he didn't use his official title or name, but just called him "horse thief". He personally respected Guo Songling's innovative ideas very much.He was born in the diplomatic circles, and firmly believed that in a normal international situation, if Japan can maintain a good and close relationship with a modern neighbor, it can also obtain reasonable benefits.Shigeru Yoshida served as the first prime minister after Japan's defeat in World War II, taking advantage of generous assistance from the U.S. occupation forces.Not only made Japan rebuild from the ruins of politics and economy, and later became an economic power, but also cultivated many ministers and talents during his tenure.It became a good story called "Yoshida School" in history. Qi Shiying and his brothers in distress, six of them slept in an eight-tatami side room in the Xinmin Consulate. They were besieged day and night by the Feng army for half a year, and they dared not even go to the yard during the day for fear of being shot.The staff of the consulate learned that General Guo was dead, and his body was exposed in Xiaoheyan Square in Shenyang for three days.They had followed for thousands of miles, and the Guo Jun's feat of returning to the teacher, which shook the mountains and rivers, was like a passing cloud. Everything was blown away and scattered in the world outside the prison wall. Long days, long nights, day and night, he thought again and again: "All the battles we fought along the way were victorious. Why couldn't we cross the Juliu River at night when the lights in Shenyang were visible? At midnight that day, if I lived in The temporary headquarters set up in the carriage shop, the chief of staff and others electrified and surrendered to the Feng army. When General Guo was forced to flee, I would send someone to send Guo Tianren to the Xinmin Japanese Consulate to obtain asylum, and then rushed out with General Guo and the guards. , rushing back to Jinzhou, the west bank of the Juliu River is full of Guo Jun, withdraw to Jinzhou, maintain strength, and make a comeback..." After thinking about it, I regret the battle surrounding the Juliu River that failed.Juliu River, Juliu River, is the impassable torrent the severe cold in reality, where diplomacy and innovative ideas are trapped and frozen? When the spring plowing was thawing, the Feng army entered the pass again to participate in the melee of the warlords of Zhi, Lu, and Henan.The Jingfeng Railway is only about 500 meters away from the Japanese Consulate. Judging from the sound coming from it, the friction between the troop carrier and the rails was severely damaged.Feng Jun doesn't let the people live like this, even if he doesn't chase and kill Qi Shiying, he can't go back. The only hope is to get out of trouble as soon as possible and find another way of life. "However, I am the only one left in this life, and I also want to resist the evil forces to the end." On a night of the last quarter moon in early July 1926, with the help of Toyochiyo Nakata, the secretary of the Japanese Consulate who sympathized with Guo Jun, and the policeman Futaro Kanai, they climbed over the wall in disguise and escaped from the slightly loose encirclement line, and walked along the railway for six months. After ten miles, go to Xinglongdian and be picked up by Japanese friends to Huanggutun.Twenty-seven-year-old Qi Shiying and forty-eight-year-old Yoshida Shigeru had a long-night talk for the first time, and they hit each other quite well.Shigeru Yoshida appreciated that Qi Shiying was educated, insightful, and an upright young man; although he implemented the "neutral" policy of the Japanese government at that time, he probably also had some romantic feelings in protecting political prisoners and helping them escape. .The young people not only thanked him for his timely help, but also met again after the Second World War, and the two had different lives. Qi Shiying disguised herself as a song in Liaoning and went to Sushan, North Korea to take a ferry to Japan, and then changed trains to Tokyo. When the train arrived in Kyoto, she was followed by reporters.Explaining Guo Jun's revolutionary ideals and the truth before and after his return to the teacher, the news quickly spread to all parts of China.When we arrived in Tokyo, there was a theater in Asakusa District that was performing a play with Guo Songling as the theme, and they were invited to be VIP guests. There were many plays belonging to Qi Shiying in the play.It was originally a feat to change the fate of the Northeast, but now it is just a drama in the world. Returning to Tianjin from Japan, the grievances and grievances between some old and new figures in the Beiyang government at that time are still lingering in the aftermath.I can't go back to my hometown, and I don't have the ability and mood to go back to Germany to study.I met Mr. Huang Ru, a friend of General Guo in Tianjin Yizujie. He once sent charcoal and money to the Xinmin Consulate (the Northern Expedition Army conquered Shanghai, Huang became the mayor of Shanghai, and later served as the executive director of the Nationalist Government).Huang Ru persuaded him to go to Shanghai first, do more observations, and then decide where to go.From Shanghai to Wuhan, because Guo Jun’s return to the teacher was sympathetic to all kinds of revolutionaries in the south. In the mood of exile, he met with his classmates who were studying in Germany and Japan one after another, and they could talk freely.At that time, it was still the first period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. I also had dinner conversations with communists Li Hanjun, Zhan Dabei, Geng Bozhao, etc., participated in their mass meetings held in the field, listened to the speeches of various parties, carefully read their propaganda pamphlets, and seriously thought about it. Finally, I feel that the Kuomintang's nationalism, civil rights, and people's livelihood principles are the most stable approach to the actual situation in China.The level of party members is high and the image is fresh. At the end of 1926, he joined the Kuomintang in Shanghai, not defecting to anyone.When Mr. Jiang met for the first time in Nanchang, he said, "You are not from the Northeast!" This sentence was hard for him to forget.Mr Jiang was not the only center of power at that time.Thirty years later, he expelled him from the Kuomintang in Taipei. Probably the politically skilled Zhejiang native finally discovered that the gentle and handsome Qi Shiying, with stubborn and hard bones, was an unruly, true Northeast native. After joining the Kuomintang, he traveled back and forth between Shanghai and Hankou many times, and also went with Huang Ru to Nanchang, the headquarters of the Kuomintang. Mr. Jiang and Huang Ru had a deep friendship and often invited him to dinner parties, where he met Chen Guofu and Lifu brothers.After the split between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Ninghan, I met many influential figures in Jiujiang and Hangzhou, Nanchang, understood the situation of the Kuomintang, and clearly recognized the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.During this year, I went to Japan many times to further observe and study Japan.During Guo Jun's revolution, he saw the ups and downs of politics, knew that participating in politics must not understand military affairs, and hoped to study modern military affairs systematically.Then in 1928, the government conferred the rank of lieutenant in the army, and formally applied for admission to the Japanese infantry school for training serving officers (it takes three years to graduate from the Army University).He was sent to the army before school started, and served as the team attache (equivalent to the deputy company commander) in the 30th company of Takata. He attended classes during the day and lived in the army at night. Because he graduated from the fourth high school in Kanazawa, he is good at both Japanese and Japanese, and he is respected as a Japanese expert, and he can often help others.Sometimes I reminisce with old Japanese classmates and have a wide range of contacts.The Japanese are generally interested in Northeast China (they call it Manchuria), because he was a revolutionary who participated in the Guo Songling Uprising, and he was happy to talk with him, so that he heard all kinds of sincere words about Japan's coveting the Northeast, and he was deeply worried about his hometown.During this period, he further studied Japanese military history, the samurai spirit of the Shogunate period, military modernization after the Meiji Restoration, and the germs of twentieth-century expansionism. During those three years, a twenty-seven-year-old young man from the northern country was defeated and exiled, wandering around the world, from General Guo’s home to talk at night around the stove to the Yangtze River, met many people who were creating modern Chinese history at that time, and made many long talks by chance. Talk; Talk about ambition, talk about ideals, and get to know each other speculatively. These long talks have forged his political character and strength throughout his life.