Chapter 313 Related magic calendar
After reading this work, you will know how broad and profound Chinese traditional culture is.
The perpetual calendar, also known as the old yellow calendar or the old yellow calendar, is a reference book for arranging the year, month, day, and solar terms for people to check. The calendar is also one of the cultural achievements created by human beings.
According to legend, a long time ago, due to the inaccurate calendar, the weather and farming often could not be correctly coordinated, and the harvest of crops was not ideal.At that time, the emperor Zu Yi (about 1450 BC) was also very worried when he saw that the disorder of the seasons caused people's livelihood to be difficult.People at that time also thought that they had offended the gods, so Zu Yi personally led all the officials, Dong Xiang took a bath, and went to the Temple of Heaven to worship the gods. Seasons are still in disorder.
At that time, at the foot of Dingyang Mountain, there was a young woodcutter named "Wannian", who usually made a living by collecting firewood and collecting herbs, and was very interested in the calendar and festivals.One day, Wannian went up the mountain to cut firewood, and sat under a tree to rest after cutting.He stared at the shadow of the tree in a daze, and after more than half an hour without knowing it, he found that the shadow of the tree on the ground had quietly moved its position.Wannian had an idea and thought, can we use the length of the shadow of the sun to calculate time?After returning home, Wannian designed a "sundial".However, when it rains, the sundial becomes useless.Once, Wannian was drinking water by the stream and saw the water on the cliff dripping rhythmically, and the regular dripping sound inspired him again.After returning home, Wannian made a five-layer leak pot by hand, and used the method of water leakage to keep time.In this way, no matter the weather is cloudy or sunny, you can accurately grasp the time.With the timing tool, Wannian pays more attention to the changes of weather and seasons.After a long period of induction, he found that every three hundred and sixty days, the length of the day would repeat itself.As long as you understand the laws of the sun and the moon, you don't have to worry about inaccurate seasons.
So Wannian took the sundial and water leak pot he invented and made to meet the emperor Zu Yi, explaining that the inaccurate seasons have nothing to do with the gods.Zu Yi felt that what Wannian said was very reasonable, so he kept Wannian, built a sundial platform and a leaky pavilion in front of the Temple of Heaven, and sent twelve boys to be sent by Wannian.Since then, Wannian has been able to study seasons wholeheartedly.
After a period of time, Wannian reported to Zu Yi based on the calculated preliminary results: "Sunrise and sunset are three hundred and sixty-six, and the cycle starts from the beginning. The growth and decline of vegetation are divided into four o'clock, and there are twelve rounds in a year." "Now Shen Xing catches up Hundreds of stars and silkworms are born, and the astrology is restored, midnight and night, the old year is over, and spring begins again, I respectfully ask the emperor to name the festival!" Zu Yi said: "Spring is the year, so let's call it Spring Festival."
So Wannian stayed in the palace and continued to calculate, revising the inaccurate solar calendar.After decades in this way, the solar calendar carefully formulated by Wannian was finally completed.When he dedicated the solar calendar to Zu Yi, he was already a gray-haired old man.Zu Yi was deeply moved, so he named the solar calendar "Wannian Calendar" and named Wannian "Sun Moon Shou Xing".To this day, people are used to calling the Gregorian calendar the "perpetual calendar" and hanging pictures of the sun, moon and birthday stars during the Spring Festival, which is said to commemorate the ten thousand years of meritorious deeds.
However, the epochs used by these dynasties are all consistent. The epochs are the beginning of the winter solstice, the beginning of the first month of the lunar calendar, the beginning of the day at midnight, and the day of Jiazi as the record of heavenly stems. The start of the daily cycle.
In the early agricultural society, the progress of farming was often based on the weather, and the calendar naturally became the basis for farmers' work and rest.Since ancient times, our country has been founded on agriculture, and the accuracy of the calendar directly affects the national economy and people's livelihood. Therefore, the emperors of all dynasties have attached great importance to the revision of the calendar.Before the Warring States period, the calendars used by the Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu, Xia, Yin, Zhou, and Lu dynasties were all "four-point calendars". (November of the lunar calendar) is the first year of the year.The calendar of the Yin Dynasty used Chou to build the month, that is, Ji Dongyue (the twelfth month of the lunar calendar) was the first year of the year.The calendar of the Xia Dynasty used Yin to build the month, that is, Meng Chunyue (the first month of the lunar calendar) was the first year of the year.The Zhuanxu calendar used Hai to build the month, that is, Meng Dongyue (October in the lunar calendar) was the first year of the year.By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there had been deviations between the calendar and the celestial phenomena. "Hanshu" "Lv Lizhi" describes this time as: "The moon is dark and dark, and the strings are full of hope."Emperor Wu ordered Sima Qian, Luoxiahong, Deng Ping and others to change Qin's "Zhuanxu Calendar" and another "Taichu Calendar", which still uses the month of Mengchun in the summer calendar as the beginning of the year, and includes the 24 solar terms in the calendar.This set of calendars has been used for more than two thousand years, and it was only after the Republic of China that the Gregorian calendar was used.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, people have divided the stars along the ecliptic equator into twenty-eight constellations, and later named them:
Dongqinglong: Jiao, Kang, Di, Fang, Heart, Tail, Kei.
Southern Suzaku: Well, Ghost, Willow, Star, Zhang, Wing, Zhen.
West White Tiger: Kui, Lou, Wei, Ang, Bi, Ji, Shen.
Northern Xuanwu: Dou, Niu, Nv, Xu, Wei, Room, Wall.
In the application of choosing a day, people have long had the practice of choosing a good day and auspicious day. Sima Qian said: "When you have a glimpse of the art of yin and yang, it is detailed and taboo by the public, which makes people restrained and fearful. However, it is smooth in all seasons. It must not be lost."It can be seen that many names and practices in choosing a day were a kind of yin and yang art in ancient times, not all nonsense.The ancient calendar chooses daily classes, mainly including the twenty-four solar terms, the five elements and the earth king.It was not until Wei Zhengguang's calendar that the Seventy-two Hours, Sizheng Gua, Shangshuo, etc. were added.After the Tang Dynasty, there were more and more annotated items in various calendars, and good and bad luck were even more dazzling. However, they can still be roughly divided into six categories:
1. Determined by the Tai Sui stems and branches.
2. Determined by the name of the month (the day travels through the zodiac).
3. Determined by the name of the month and the daily stems and branches.
4. Determined by the name of the day.
5. Determined by the year and day.
6. Determined by the Four Seasons and Riganzhisuo.
Almanacs have a history of more than 1,000 years in my country, and they were called "Tongshu" or "Shixianshu" in ancient times.As far back as ancient times, our country has established official positions for observing astronomical phenomena and calculating calendars.In the Qin Dynasty, there was an imperial official order, in the Tang Dynasty there was an imperial official bureau, in the Song and Yuan dynasties there was a Si Tian Jian, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties it was changed to Qin Tian Jian.The earliest almanacs were mounted on a scroll and written with a brush.By the ninth year of Taihe (835 A.D.) of the Tang Dynasty, almanacs printed on woodblocks had been sold.In the imperial era, the almanac was promulgated by the emperor, and it was stipulated that only official seals were allowed, and private engraving was not allowed. From then on, the almanac was also called "imperial calendar".The oldest surviving almanac was printed during the time of Emperor Xizong of Tang Dynasty (805 AD).The really ancient almanac was produced in the first year of Emperor Shunzong Yongzhen of Tang Dynasty (805 A.D.).What appeared in the palace at that time was a calendar of events, which was divided into 12 volumes, one volume per month, one page per day, recording the day, month, country, major events of the court, and the words and deeds of the emperor.Later, it developed to print the contents of the stems and branches, lunar orders, solar terms, and various spells such as choosing a date, astrology, divination, etc. on the calendar.
It was after the Song Dynasty that almanacs were circulated and popularized among the people.It is said that in the Song Dynasty, there was an examiner named Xuezheng. When he was reviewing the examination papers, he found that most of the scholars wrote the date wrong.When asked why, the scholar replied: "Students can only watch the stars and the moon to calculate the date when they study day and night, and there may be one or two days."So Xuezheng played to the Ming court, asking the Imperial Academy to compile almanacs every year and sell them to scholars to control their lives.Later, the almanac was gradually issued by the court to the people, and became the almanac of the working people and has been passed down to this day.
●Auspicious day today
○Auspicious time: auspicious time
○ Bad time: the hour of bad omen
● taboo today
○Peng Zu's taboos: things that should be taboo every day
○Auspicious gods should tend to: You should get close to them, and there will be auspicious gods
○五：What is suitable for doing today
○Father and taboo: stay away, and bad things will happen
○ Taboo: things that should not be done today
●Today
○Chong: In the law of the almanac, the concept of mutual generation and restraint of the five elements is like the coordination of nature, with certain rules. The advice of the law, wise and safe.
○Sha: It is inappropriate to break ground, build, relocate, trade, encoffin, burial, reunite, etc. in the daily year and year orientation of the evil. The year of the zodiac should be tabooed as much as possible, and pay attention to the direction of the evil. Act in this direction, so as not to cause unnecessary disasters.
For those who violate the age, the above-mentioned things should also be avoided or should not be done. Traditional folk beliefs also use the procedure of "An Tai Sui" to pray for the smoothness of everything in the year.
●Gods of the day
○Age: the date of the peasant calendar
○Tai Sui: This year’s Tai Sui
○Sui Chong: The zodiac sign that clashes with Tai Sui this year
○Xiayuan: Today’s hexagram
○ Palm Sun Tai Sui: Tai Sui Palm Sun today
○Prescription of fetal gods: In ancient legends, there have always been so-called "fetal gods". The items of "fetal gods" can be seen in farmers' calendars. Folk customs believe that fetal life is dominated by fetal gods, so many taboos are derived, most of which restrict pregnant women. Labor, and avoid social activities such as weddings and funerals, and take more rest to reduce the risk of miscarriage.
The value of the fetal god is different every day. It can be calculated according to the daily zodiac and earthly branches. Traditionally, it is taboo to build and move the position of the fetal god to avoid damage to pregnancy and dystocia.
○God of Joy: The direction of God of Joy
○God of Wealth: The direction of the God of Wealth
○Five elements: Five elements, namely gold, wood, water, fire, and earth.
The five elements are the most basic elements that make up the universe. They also represent the five changes and personalities of all things in the universe. The evolution of the four seasons and the movement of the sun and the moon are also counted by the five elements.
Gold, condensed in the center, has the power of restraint, sharpness, and cutting.
Wood, radiating in all directions, has the power to grow, flourish, and outward.
Water, flowing downward, has the power of flow, freedom, and downward.
Fire, expanding upwards, has the power of light, heat, expansion, and upwards.
Soil, moving from side to side, has a thick, mixed and inward force.
In the almanac, what most people read the most is what should be done and what should not be done every day. Numerologists and day-pickers also record in this column, and add references to daily auspicious and inauspicious times to replace them. People decide the date.After the reader understands, there is no need to find a day-selecting teacher in the future.However, if it involves personal horoscope events, it is better to find someone to line up.
Taking January 1, 1985 as an example, it reads:
Auspicious: Set up a bed, receive wealth, plant a net, sweep houses, offer sacrifices, bathe, tailor clothes, enter a person, and make hands and feet
Inauspicious: open the market to have a haircut, shepherd, raise livestock, make livestock thick, cut wood to make beams, burial, break ground and open graves
We can "roughly" understand the meaning from the text. If you want to "open the market", don't choose a day, but choose three days. From 1:00 to 1:00 pm, from 9:00 pm to 11:00 pm, in terms of work and rest time, it is better to choose between 11:00 noon and 1:00 pm.In addition, pay attention to the day when "Rushing to the Rabbit Shades the East", people who are like the Rabbit should avoid it, and do not go east.Combining these items together, you can become a day-picker.
Now, the notes on the terminology of choosing a day and doing things in the peasant calendar are listed below:
Sacrifice: refers to the sacrifice in the ancestral hall, that is, worshiping ancestors or temples, worshiping gods, etc.
Blessing: praying for the blessings of the gods or offering sacrifices.
Asking for heirs: Pointing to the gods to pray for heirs (children).
Consecration: After the statues of gods and Buddhas are molded, they are enshrined to the superior.
Sculpture and painting: all the paintings of temples or sculptures of gods, paintings and sculptures of people, etc.
travel: refers to travel, sightseeing.
Qijiao: Set up a Jiaojiao to set up a dojo to pray for, pray for peace, etc.
Out of fire: refers to moving the gods, "fire" refers to "incense".
nace.Marriage: The ceremony of concluding a marriage, receiving a dowry.
Tailoring: Tailoring bridal clothes or making shrouds.
Hezhang: the making of mosquito nets.
Guanji: "Guan" refers to men, and "笄" refers to women. It is called Guanjian when men and women come to adulthood.
Marriage: It is an auspicious day for a man to marry a woman and to hold a wedding ceremony.
Na son-in-law: refers to the meaning that the man's marriage is the son-in-law of the woman.Marry together.
Bathing: Refers to bathing and fasting.
Shaving: Newborn babies shave their fetal heads or shave their heads.
Hand and foot nails: Newborn babies trim their hand and foot nails for the first time.
Separation: refers to the separation of extended families and the meaning of starting anew.
Imported population: refers to the adoption of adopted children.
Relieve: Refers to things such as washing and cleaning the house, relieving disasters, etc.
Repair: Refers to the construction and repair of the Yangzhai.
Starting the foundation and breaking the ground: When building, first blow the hoe to dig the soil.
Logging for beams: felling trees to make roof beams, etc.
Column: A column on which a building is erected.
Upper Beam: The beam that is installed on the roof of the building.Same horse.
Open pillar eyes: refers to the matter of making pillars.
Screen fan frame: making doors, barriers and other work.
Anmen: the installation of doors and other fortifications in houses.
Covering the house and ridge: installing the roof of the house and other work.
Seeking medical treatment: only refers to seeking medical treatment for chronic diseases or undergoing surgery.
An bed: refers to the meaning of placing a bed and sleeping berth.
Migration: refers to the meaning of moving and relocating people.
Entering the house: that is, moving into a new house, the so-called "new house completion ceremony".
Hanging plaque: refers to hanging signboards or various plaques.
Opening: the meaning of opening.The shop line number is opened for business. The "opening ceremony" and "start of work" are the same.Including: (1) Start of business or start of work at the beginning of the year. (2) Establishment of new stores or opening of new factories.
Bond transaction: the signing of various contracts to buy and sell each other.
Receive money: purchase properties, purchase goods, collect accounts, rent collection, debt collection, loans, grain warehousing, etc.
Brewing: Refers to brewing wine, making sauces, etc.
Catch: Extinguish crop pests or organisms.
Planting: the same as "receiving fruit" and "planting grass" for planting plants.
Hunting: To hunt or capture animals.
Raising livestock: The matter of buying livestock and raising them.
Teaching cattle and horses: refers to the work of training cattle and horses.
Destroy houses and ruin walls: refers to the demolition of houses or walls.
Demolition: To tear down a building.
Opening wells, opening ponds: digging wells, digging ponds.
Make a pit and release water: build a reservoir and pour water into the reservoir.
Open Toilet: Build a toilet.
Build warehouses: build warehouses or repair warehouses.
Plug hole: Refers to clogged caves or ant nests, etc.
Pingzhi Daotu: Refers to fortifications such as paving roads.
Tomb repair: to repair the tomb, etc.
Kai save: refers to the matter of "washing bones".Commonly known as "pick up gold".
Kai Sheng Tomb: To build a tomb.
Heshou wood: making coffins.
Xietu: The sacrifice held after the completion of the building.
Burial: A ceremony such as burial is held.
Encoffining: The meaning of putting a corpse into a coffin.
Finished clothes and removed clothes: Put on mourning clothes and take off mourning clothes.
Removal of the coffin: The matter of moving the coffin out of the house when holding a funeral.
Breaking ground: only refers to the breaking ground for burial, which is different from the "breaking ground" for building houses in general.That is to say, "breaking the ground" refers to the yin house, and "breaking the ground" refers to the yang house.Many of them have been abused in today's society, and it is necessary to distinguish them when choosing a date.