Chapter 11 Interpretation of illiteracy

Finding a clever sentence in a non-literary book is like tidying up old clothes and suddenly finding leftover banknotes and dimes in the folder; although it is a part of the job, there is indeed a kind of unexpected joy.For example, in the autumn of three years ago, I occasionally flipped through Nicolai Hartmann's masterpiece "Ethics", and saw a strange passage, which briefly said that there is a kind of person who does not know good or bad, and does not distinguish between good and evil, just like the color blindness. The distinction between green and black is, so to speak, a disease of value blindness (Wertblindheit).At that time, I thought this metaphor was ingenious and fresh, but I didn't expect it to be introduced today.Using a great philosopher (and a German) as the opening chapter of a short essay is of course a bit overkill, like using an anti-aircraft gun to shoot mosquitoes.But if you don't make a big deal about small topics, who will care about them?When small shops and primary schools open, local chiefs are also invited to attend the ceremony, and when small books are published, big celebrities are also required to sign their names, which is exactly the same reason.

A sign of value blindness is lack of aesthetic feeling; complete inability to appreciate literary works.This disease, we follow the example of color blindness, might as well be called illiteracy.On this point, Su Dongpo completely agrees with me.Dongpo led the tribute and Uncle Li Fang failed the exam. Dongpo wrote a poem to send him off, saying: "It's not a day to be with the king, and the brushstrokes are elegant and recognizable; I usually talk about the ancient battlefields, and I will be fascinated by the sun." You see, he I have long compared ignorance of articles to not knowing colors.Strange to say, people who regard literature as a profession seem to be more illiterate.Many literature researchers have no appreciation or appreciation for the beauty and ugliness of poetry and prose.However, as long as we zoom in, we will know that it is not worth seeing too much.Reading literary books but not knowing how to appreciate them is exactly the same as in the age of emperors, guarding the harem, and hanging out with women all day long is an eunuch. Although he has the opportunity, he is really powerless!If nothing is wrong, there is nothing to say, and if you are not friends, you don't get together. Otherwise, how can there be a comedy in life?

Illiteracy is such a good name that we should ask the public educators for it.Because people who can read are not necessarily illiterate.For example, are there more literate people in the world than linguists and philologists?However, there are a few experts in writing and language, when they read literary works, they often can't help but see a cloud of smoke and gray eyes.A linguist said: "Literary criticism is all nonsense. Only the form, meaning, and phonology of each word can be authentic." After listening to it, I couldn't help but think of Gulliver's visit to the empress's jade breast in the kingdom of adults. , I saw the story of sweat pores but no skin.If a fly can read - I think it can read, there is "Book of Jin."Fu Jian Zai Ji" is a proof-if a fly can recognize characters, I say, it has the same understanding of literature as that linguist.The eye holes are small, and the vision is not far-reaching. When reading poetry, you can only see individual characters, and when looking at characters, you can only see individual pores.I frankly admit that the fly's cosmology is very poetic: apart from Blake himself, flies do have the so-called "one flower, one world, one sand and one kingdom", except for Blake himself.It was able to discover Treasure Island in a pile of meat and bones, and when it flew from one pile of garbage to another, it experienced the joy of Eurasian long-distance airlines.As long as it doesn't think that there is no paradise beyond the flesh and bones, and no continents beyond the garbage, we can let this little thing buzz and be smug.Exegesis and phonology are very useful and interesting knowledge, but I am afraid that the minds of scholars are still relics of the Qing Dynasty's Pu Xue period, thinking that there is no other knowledge, or that the study of literature is just text or other textual research.Scholar Park's dominance is terrifying.Sainte Beuve (Sainte Beuve) said in the sixth volume of "Nouveaux Lundis" (Nouveaux Lundis) that learning a language, but not appreciating literature, and focusing on philology is like courting a lady unsuccessfully, and can only find a girl to replace.Unfortunately, the most annoying thing is the girl, as soon as you flatter her, she wants to overshadow Miss Qianjin.How many girls don't want to learn how to attack people with flowers?

Color-blind people never learn painting, but illiterate people sometimes talk about literature, and they do so with great enthusiasm.Hence the impressionistic literary criticism also called self-expression or creativity.Literary appreciation is of course inseparable from impressions, but why impressions are self-expression, we cannot understand.According to common sense, the impression can only be said to be the expression of the work being appreciated, not the self-expression of the appreciator. It can only be regarded as the giving of the work, not the creation of the appreciator.When the Impressionists talk about writing, that is the real excitement.Probably because of the lack of aesthetic feeling, the article is particularly colorful; whether there is a so-called compensatory knot in it by psychoanalysis, I dare not judge arbitrarily.He would yell angrily, shout wildly, and even pass out without saying a word-this is the state of experiencing the "beauty of silence".He doesn't analyze -- who has patience?He's not judging -- that's too hooded. "Inspiration", "pureness", "truth", "life", all kinds of terms are used as much as possible.Abuse of big nouns, as if not sparing little money, all show a bold style. There are quite a few "impressions", with a long list of stale and stinky metaphors.If he writes an article on Shelley, you won't find much Shelley in his article; you'll only find a long section describing a burning flame, another section describing the whistling west wind, and a whole lot more describing The free-flying skylark, it is said that these three nondescript things are Shelley.Why?It can only be considered a miracle that the wind does not blow out the fire, and the fire does not roast the skylark.So, every time you see a sentence like "His life was simply a beautiful poem," you know that prose of a not-so-beautiful poem is bound to follow.This kind of literary appreciation, called "creative" or "impressionist" criticism, is not appropriate.We might as well experiment with the method of turning iron into gold, and change one word each. "Created" was changed to "fabricated", taking the meaning of "pinching" the nose to dream and "making" to the wall. As for "impressionism", of course we still remember the story of four blind men touching a white elephant, so we changed it to "touching" Elephant school", what do you say?This fits better with illiteracy.

The School of Fabrication fundamentally denies that there is any value in the appreciation of literature and art.It's good if it matches his old man's taste, otherwise it's bad.Illiteracy is a kind of value illiteracy, and it is shown here more clearly.A fashionable lady said to the great painter Whistler: "I don't know what is good, I only know what I like." Whistler bowed and replied: "My dear wife, at this point Wife sees the same as beasts." Really, the difference between civilized humans and savage beasts is that humans have a Trans subjective point of view.Therefore, he can separate right and wrong from his own interests, good and evil, good and ugly from his own likes and dislikes.He is not inseparable from daily life, but tries to criticize himself by jumping out of his own ordinary bones.Therefore, in addition to being practical and coping, he also knows the truth; in addition to teaching and submitting manuscripts, he also knows that there is learning; in addition to looking at pictures of movie stars, he also knows that there is noble art;We are born as human beings, so in the end we cannot avoid doing stupid things and wrong things, eating unworthy fruits, and loving things that are not worthy of love.He understands that what should be done is not necessarily what he loves to do.This split of self and divergence of knowledge and action produces tragedy when it is tense, and turns into irony when it is loose.Only beasts are born with the unity of knowing and doing, because they don't know that there is a higher ideal than their own extravagant desires.It’s been so hard and difficult. From monkeys to humans, we have to confuse hobbies and values ​​into one, and turn them into human faces and animal hearts. I really feel sorry for Darwin.

People who hate literature, let alone: ​​there is a thorn in their eyes, and An De is not blind.However, although there is something wrong with the eyes, the nose is very keen; because they often say that they hate the smell of literati. "Those who give their feet will have their horns removed, and those who give them their wings will take their teeth"; for the fairness of creation, we can only praise without rest.