Chapter 4 I Anarchists on the hill of Montmartre (1) "Partisan" base

"Guerrilla" Base Montmartre The Galette Sacred Heart Basilica stands on the top of the Montmartre hill.This sacred building looms over Paris.It is a physical proof of the supremacy of the power of the gods, a disgrace of the age. Papa Bernard 1897 At the beginning of the 20th century, the two districts of Montmartre and Montparnasse in Paris were separated by the Seine River on the left and right sides. The artistic beauty of the world yesterday and today will be born in these two districts of the ancient capital of Paris.People in the Ottoman River Georges Haussmann (1809-1891), a French politician, served as the governor of Seine.The Haussmann River here refers to the current Seine River in Paris. ——The two banks of the translation note built many high-rise buildings and boulevards for the bourgeoisie, but the residences of ordinary people were squeezed out to the outskirts of Paris. This is the traditional practice of urbanization.

On the right bank of the river is the "laundry boat" Bateau-Lavoir, an ancient building on the hills of the Montmartre district of Paris. At the beginning of the 20th century, some unknown writers and artists lived in it.Declared a historic monument, it was destroyed in a fire in 1970. ——Annotation, there is a lilac garden on the left bank, and the Seine River flows quietly between the two all year round, and the entire history of modern art is about to be born, grow and expand here. The Sacred Heart Basilica stands tall on the top of Montmartre.This snow-white building standing tall and straight above the windmills, vineyards and vegetable gardens on the mountainside is Byzantium on the Seine.

The Sacred Heart Basilica stands high on the top of Montmartre like a top hat, and under it, there are countless dim hotels, light wooden prefabricated houses, Simple bars and restaurants built of logs or cardboard.Isadora Duncan (1878-1927), an American female dancer, absorbed the technique of dancing barefoot in a Greek tight skirt in classical dance, and created modern dance in the form of her "free dance".It was in the center of this illegal guerrilla base that her disciples danced in tight skirts and bare feet, dancing the Greek dance she created with lightness and joy.Montmartre is like a big village, where people sing and dance freely and joyfully, but eat simple food, wear rags, and live in simple houses.At that time, the private residences of these artists on the Rue Junod did not yet exist, but the brothel on the Rue Amboise was thriving and always received all its guests with kindness and generosity.People still remember the miniskirt of the dancer Gulu (Figure 1) who inspired Toulouse Lautrec at the Moulin Rouge, the beautiful buttocks of Leyendor, and the notary who partnered with others during the day and worked as a notary at night. The powerful legwork of the actor's Valentin de Sousse.He was the only one of the quadruplets whose whirlwind movements excited the crowds from the Champs Elysées to Montmartre. Unfortunately, he soon became the leader of the Moulin Rouge windmill wing. victim.

In Montmartre, the artist Bruon, who wrote and sang himself, insulted the bourgeoisie, and Satie played his work " Gymnopedise".Fifteen years before the turn of the century, when the newspaper continued to attack on all sides, Allais even published articles in the paper under the pseudonym of Francisco Sassi.And the real Francisco Sassi was a theatrical art critic who regularly published articles in Time magazine.This was just one of the jokes that happened in the Montmartre area at the time... As for Jeanne Avell, the lover of the painter Allais, she was a mannequin for Toulouse Lautrec, but also for other painters. past models.Those people who often appear in the Montmartre area are all shrewd and capable and outstanding: Shyleaco, Cézanne, Manet, Van Gogh, Monet (1840-1926), French painter, one of the representatives of Impressionism . , Renoir, Degas Degas (1834-1917), French painter and sculptor. ... There are also some unknown little painters who first studied in Montmartre and later in the museum of Montparnasse. They quietly found an open space and waited silently for the time to come. .Then, the creative inspiration takes them to the distant place and the whole world.The names and surnames of these shadowy passers-by will not be repeated one by one.

Did Montmartre become a free zone in order to maintain its unique characteristics? It seems like a joke, although this is not the whole reason for becoming a free zone, but there are indeed factors that desire to maintain uniqueness, pursue independence and freedom.At the beginning of the 20th century, some Montmartre people who had this desire decided to make the Galette Square, located near the Sacré-Coeur, the capital of their autonomous region that yearned for independence. People voted, and the proposal was overwhelmingly passed.Then, a mayor was elected.The native painter Jules Debaji was elected as the first governor of the Montmartre Free Zone.Jules Debaj's reputation rose to prominence a few years ago when the stain was cleared from his arrest by the police on suspicion of being the murderer at Wiley's.This time he was elected mayor of the city, which further enhanced his reputation.He became the preeminent figure in his "new country."Francis Carco (1886-1958), French writer, poet and novelist in Montmartre. ——Annotation praising him, Roland Dorgeles (1885-1973), a French novelist whose main themes of writing are war and Montmartre.Praise him, Tristan Tzara (1896-1963), a French writer of Romanian origin, and an advocate of the Dada movement in Zurich, Switzerland. ——Annotation admires him very much, and regards him as one of the pioneers of the Dada movement.It is precisely because of his admiration that Picasso often comes to "Smart Rabbit" to listen to his poem recitations.

Jules Debaj wrote a book titled "Jack in the Box".The Paris Opera put it on the stage, Satie composed music for it, and later passed Darius Milhaud (1892-1974), a French composer. ——Adapted from the translation notes, it was staged by the Russian Ballet in 1926, and the set design was Andre Derain (1880-1954), a French painter and sculptor.At first he shared the painting style of Vlaminck and Matisse with Fauvism, then transitioned to Neo-Cubism, and finally returned to Traditionalism. .The plot of this mime is: a man walks from one end of the stage to the other with a big clock on his shoulders. No one can understand what role he is playing.It wasn't until the last scene that the mystery was revealed: it turned out that he was a watchmaker.

Jules Debaj made a living selling humorous drawings to newspapers, but every time he went to a bar he had to spend all the money he had with him.Every time, he went in with his head held high and his head held high, and slipped out dejectedly and with his head held high. He kept a very strict schedule: one week of hard work, three weeks of eating and drinking.People don't know when he had such an idea. He put forward a political slogan: separate Montmartre from France and fight for its people's right to independence. He preached everywhere about the advantages of Montmartre's independence.Other surrounding towns invited him with loud drums and banquets, as warmly and grandly as inviting an ambassador extraordinarily and plenipotentiary of a country.

Jules Debaj has created for himself a free credit system for drinking in his jurisdiction, and it works quite well.Once he was penniless, he carried his coat and suitcase on his shoulders, and went into a cafe dejectedly.People asked him: "Mr. Debaji, where are you going?" And he tearfully replied: "I'm going back to my country." "Where is your country?" "Sedang." "Sedang, is it that far away?" "Yes, that's a long way. But you must understand how much I am hurt." At this time, everyone grieved with him.In order to comfort each other, people opened bottle after bottle of wine, drank with him, and got drunk.After such anesthesia, everyone can feel better.If no one else could remember to take a drink, Jules Debaj jumped on the table and shouted:

"The Prussians have already captured Sedan. We Montmartres will never surrender, we must resist to the end!" People raised their glasses to the bravery of the Montmartre army. Usually, after drinking enough, they all leave drunk in the early morning of the next morning.And the Montmartre army led by Jules Debaji will never withdraw, they will never surrender, and Debaji will never be Napoleon III, so he is once again warmly welcomed by his people. Maybe the whole of Montmartre took up arms and put on the uniform of 1870, except for the day when the avant-garde painter Francesco Bourport, who defended Montmartre Hill, was unanimous.

Here's the thing: Boulpot was an amateur organizer of celebrations or parades.Every year, in order to please his girlfriend who has never been inspected by the mayor, he plans a "fake marriage".They and the people around them put on masks, sang and danced, ate and drank all night long. People congratulated the "bride" together, and the mayor naturally came to express his blessing... Bullpot was at odds with his landlord.The landlord insisted on driving him away, and the painter called his brothers for reinforcements.He proposed that everyone put back on the uniforms they had worn to defend Paris before the Commune, build barricades around his house, and be ready to make whatever sacrifices were necessary to counter the attacks of the landlords.

The landlord backed down before Bullpot could do anything.However, Boulport still recruited his brothers to station in the "position" according to the original plan. On the appointed day, he used a cart to transport to the streets and alleys of Montmartre. A group of people who are members of the commune.All of them were armed with rifles, valiant and high-spirited, full of air.According to Laurent Dougelles, later that night, some National Guard soldiers dressed in the same dress and holding bayonets came straight from Montparnasse to join the Montmartre troops and send those who were standing guard along the way. The real policeman was dumbfounded. The costumed soldiers gathered there were scattered on the various avenues, aiming at the passers-by coming out of the movie theater.They pretended that the war continued until the early morning. Finally, Bullpot's troops blew the charge horn, raised their swords and captured Garrett's Mill, and signed an armistice agreement before it was considered over. The half-provocative, half-playful actions of the optimist brothers attracted many curious people and tourists in tuxedos and top hats to stop and watch along the way.Fortunately, the carriages could not reach the top of the hill, so they had to stop at Browns Square, and their passengers continued to walk along the narrow lanes until they reached the most lively places. The difference that Montmartre has always maintained is that it has its own supporters and adherents, who belong to the same school of artistic thought.This school of artistic thought pays special attention to the integration of various arts. Its founders are Pablo Picasso, André Salmon, Max Jacob and Guillaume Apollinaire. Debaj danced with his brethren, Calco sang the Marseillaise at the tables in the bar, and Marc Orland blew his horn under the window to wake his companions out of bed.They are all anarchists, but good-natured; they eat, but poorly; they drink without restraint;At that time, the subway line connecting Montparnasse and Montmartre from south to north had been opened, but they had not yet been able to spend the night in the subway station.They often have no legal documents. When interrogated by the police, they say they have residences, but they cannot give a fixed address.Some of them also stretched out their hands to beg, and some could smear a few paintings indiscriminately and sell them at NFDA4.Some play music and earn a few coppers, but more are veterans who take money from neighbors and acquaintances for free.And those neighbors and acquaintances are often very generous, agreeing that they owe what they owe and give them money when they have money.Some pots are always hot on the stove in the small restaurant. In the pots are the big pots of rice that the local people eat every day. There are a handful of big spoons in the pots, which are specially prepared for the shy customers.Painters and poets often eat, drink and chat with extreme liberals here all night long. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were so many such people in Montmartre. The fact that these artists and poets gather in the suburbs and along the avenues is difficult to explain with the word "accidental".There used to be hand-to-hand combat on these winding, steeply sloping trails.These remote places can not only shelter people, but also can shelter books and newspapers, and even people's memories.Libertard often held popular symposiums in Murray Street.The newspaper "Anarchism", which has neither a president nor an editor, is located in the Rue Duvalier-Drabar; meeting their friends and readers in the back room of the Zout's tavern on the Rue.In order to prevent the government's eyes and ears from overhearing the subversive remarks made by the regulars at the bar, and to avoid endangering the personal safety of the guests, the pub closed automatically shortly afterwards.Later, the Swiss painter Steinland, who provided advertisement posters for the newspaper, also went to other pubs in Montmartre to promote and agitate the revolution.Du Fei Raoul Dufy (1877-1953), French painter, decorative painter and illustrator. ——Annotation Because I scribbled some flammable red and black paint on the palette of a colleague, I went to the gate of the police station and drew some satirical posters, and was detained by the police station. Some years before World War I, Juan Gris (1887-1927), a Spanish painter, was, like Picasso, one of the main representatives of Cubism. ——Annotation was once mistaken for Garnier Tony Garnier (1869-1948), a French architect and a pioneer of anarchism. ——Annotation, listed as Jules Joseph Bonnot (1876-1912) French architect and anarchist.Known for attacking people with weapons, it is known as the Bonot gang.The object of gangster gang members' stalking, was imprisoned for a short period of time.Pierre Mac Orlan (1882-1970), a postman and special correspondent in Montmartre, a French writer.There is another errand, which is to serve deserters from the French colonial army abroad to solve the identity problem.He was working for the "Foggy Pier" newspaper at the time, and with this convenience, he sent an electrician of the newspaper to a task often performed by ultra-liberalists in the "guerrilla zone" of Montmartre: to create false documents.He danced and said in the local language: "Because of the anarchist newspaper, I was targeted by the military police." Paul Signac (1863-1935), a French painter, was a theorist of the French Neo-Impressionist School at the end of the 19th century and one of the founders of the Salon of Independent Artists. ——Annotation, Felix Vallotton (1865—1925), a French painter and sculptor who was born in Switzerland. ——Annotation and Pierre Bonnard (1867—1947), French painter, sculptor, and poster artist. ——Yizhu participated in some lottery activities with real objects as prizes.With their paintings as prizes, the purpose is to honor Elisee Reclus (1830-1905), a Belgian geographer and close friend of the Russian anarchist Bakunin, for his participation in the Paris Commune revolutionary movement. imprisoned. ——Annotation and the ultra-liberal newspaper "Rebels" founded by Jean Graff to raise funds.Anarchist writer Felix Feneon (1861-1944), French literary and art critic, founded "Independent Magazine" in 1883, apologist for Symbolist writers and Neo-Impressionist painters. ——My friend Van Dongen also participated in the translation. In 1897, he was Kropotkine (1842-1921), Russian military officer, geographer, and Russian anarchist. ——Illustration of the Dutch translation of Anarchism, Its Philosophy and Ideals. Anarchists and artists, though sharing the same ideals, have never been able to fight side by side.For painters and poets neither plant bombs nor terrorize, but they often support such acts.They are always at the forefront of drama, burlesque, tricks to fool fools, and all forms of provocation and mischief.The artists in Montmartre and later in Montparnasse gave up the sweet and comfortable life of the bourgeoisie, and resolutely opposed the rules and regulations that the carefree people strictly abide by.They are rebels, fighters of avant-garde art.