Chapter 10 Chapter 8-2

Only José Palacios knew in his mind that the general didn't have to listen to know that they were arguing over a sum of money collected for his funeral, totaling 253 pesos, 3 riyals, and quartos.The fundraiser was organized by the municipality, which, in addition to some private donations, took part of the slaughter tax and prison fees to make coffins and build graves.From that time on, by order of Montilla, José Palacios was in charge of forbidding anyone from entering the general's bedroom, regardless of his rank, title or status.He was so hard on himself in guarding the sick, as if he himself were dying. "If I had been given such power from the beginning, this man would have lived to 100," he said.

Fernanda Barriga wanted to enter the bedroom. "The poor orphan was so fond of women all his life," she said, "that he cannot die without a woman at his bedside, even an old, ugly, useless one like myself." She was not allowed in.So she sat at the window and tried to use her Requiem to sanctify the heathen nonsense uttered by the dying.After the general's death, she survived on public charity and remained in mourning until her death at the age of 101. When the priest from the neighboring village of Mamatoko arrived early Wednesday night with communion, she strewed the road with flowers and led the crowd in dirges.Two processions of barefoot Indian women in black burlap robes and flower crowns lead the way, holding oil lamps to light the way for the priest, while they pray for the dying in their own language.They crossed the path that Fernanda sprinkled with flower petals for them in front of them, and no one dared to stop them at that heart-stirring moment.When the general heard the men enter the bedroom, he got up from the hammock and shaded his eyes with his face and arms from the light.Then he yelled at them and threw them out: "Take these ever-burning lights away, it's like a parade of ghosts."

In order to prevent the oppressive atmosphere in the other rooms from suffocating the condemned general, Fernando called a mariachi band from Mamatoko and played for a whole day in the courtyard under the tamarind tree.The general responded well to the calming properties of the music he played, and repeatedly had the ensemble play the "Trinist Sisters," his favorite antithesis and a favorite of the people.In the past, wherever the general went, he personally distributed the score of this dance song, so it became a piece of music that everyone is familiar with. The slaves stopped the sugar press and watched the general for a long time from the crevices of the creepers in the windows.He was wrapped in a white sheet, and his face was paler and haggard than a dead man.His newborn hair is branched, and his head is like a hedgehog. While listening to the music, he shakes his head and beats the time.After each piece, he applauded with the customary courtesy he had learned at the Paris Opera.

At noon, encouraged by the music, he actually drank a small bowl of broth, ate some sago coconut flour dumplings and a few pieces of steamed chicken.Then, he asked for a small mirror to take a picture in the hammock, and said, "With my eyes like this, I won't die." Originally, people were already disappointed with Dr. Reverendor's so-called miracle, but this moment brought everyone back to life again. Hope was ignited.However, when his condition appeared to be improving, he mistook General Sarda for one of the 38 Spanish officers shot without prior trial by General Santander within a day after the Battle of Boyaca. one of.Then, his condition took a sharp turn for the worse, and he never recovered.With what little energy he had, he yelled to move the musicians away, so as not to disturb his peace before death.When the general regained his composure, he asked Wilson to draft a letter to General Justo Bricegno, asking him to reconcile with General Urdaneta as a commemoration of his death.to save a country from a dreadful state of anarchy.He merely dictated to him the beginning of the letter: "In the last moments of my life, I write to you."

In the evening, he talked late with Fernando and for the first time advised him about his future.There had been plans to write a memoir together, but since the nephew lived with him so long, it was convenient to write it as he pleased, so that future generations could learn both about the general's glorious days and Learn about his unfortunate moments. "If O'Leary hadn't had the idea of ​​a coup against them, he'd have written something." The general said, "But what he wrote with me would not be the same." Fernando was 26 years old at the time, and he lived to be 88 years old, and his memoirs were only a handful of pages in fragments, because fate made him so Fortunately, he lost his memory.

Jose Palacios was in the bedroom while the general dictated the will, but neither he nor anyone else uttered a word on that sacramental occasion.However, at night, while bathing the general to relax his body, he begged the general to change the will about him. "We've been poor all our lives, so we don't need anything," he said to the general. "On the contrary," the general told him, "we have been rich all our lives, but we have had nothing in excess." Both extreme statements of the two men make sense.Under the arrangement of his master, the general's mother, Jose Palacios had served the general since he was a child.He was not officially declared emancipated, but he had been floating on the fringes of the civil service, and his salary had never been fixed.No status was established for him either, his personal needs were always combined with those of the general.He even eats and dresses the same way as the general, and is even simpler than the general. The general is unwilling to leave him alone, leaving him without a military rank or a retirement certificate, because at his age, he can no longer A new life has begun.Therefore, there is no other option, and the 8,000-peso provision is not only irrevocable, but also irrefutable.

"It is just," said the general at last. Jose Palacios retorted flatly: "It is only fair that we die together." That's exactly what happened.José, Palacios is so bad at managing money, he's as clumsy as a general.After the general's death he remained in Cartagena, living on public charity.He drowned his sorrows in alcohol, and at the age of 86, due to the terrible torture of delirium tremens, he rolled in the mud and died in a dark and dank cave, which was the post-discharge of the "Liberator" army. It became a place where beggars lived. When the general awoke on December 10, dying, Esteves was immediately called to make the general confess.The archbishop arrived in such a hurry that he took the meeting so seriously that he put on his bishop's vestments.But following the general's advice, they met behind closed doors, without a single witness, and the meeting lasted only 14 minutes.No one will ever know what they faded.The archbishop came out in a hurry, with a very ugly face, climbed into the splendid carriage and left without saying goodbye, and although he was called many times afterwards, he neither presided over the funeral nor attended the funeral.The general was so weak that he couldn't get up from the hammock himself, and the doctor had to hold him in his arms like a newborn baby, and let him sit on the hammock against the pillows to prevent him from coughing and suffocating.When he finally caught his breath, he told everyone to go out and talk to the doctor alone.

"I really didn't expect to be so seriously ill this time that I would be anointed with holy oil." He said to the doctor, I am a person who is not blessed to believe in heaven. "That's not the case," said Dr. Revelendo. "These events show that dealing with a matter of conscience can lift the patient's spirits and make it easier for the doctor to deal with it." The general did not pay much attention to the doctor's ingenious answer, for it was already evident to him that the mad race between his disease and his dream was coming to an end.This made him shudder, because the world after him was dark.

"Damn it," sighed the general, "how can I get out of this maze!" With the coming of the backlight, he surveyed the room and saw everything clearly for the first time: the last borrowed big bed, the pitifully worn-out dressing table, the blurry mirror, from now on , he will never appear in it again.The demagnetized jug still contains water, towels and soap, which are already reserved for others; the ruthless octagonal clock gallops irresistibly towards December 17 like a wild horse that has lost its stiffness, and will soon point to To seven past one on the last afternoon of the General's life.Then the general folded his arms on his chest and began to hear the six o'clock Ave Maria sung loudly by the sugar mill slaves.Through the window, he saw Venus shining in the sky, never to return, the perennial snow on the top of the snow mountain, and the new climbing plants.But next Saturday he would not see those little yellow bells blooming in the mansion closed for mourning.This is the last flash of life, and in the next few centuries, such a life will never reappear in the world.

Acknowledgment of the Author For many years I have heard from Álvaro Mutis that he has plans to write a book about Simón Bolívar's last journey along the Magdalena River.When he published "The Last Face" - a fragment of the book that was published earlier - I found the story to be quite mature, so pure in style and tone that I couldn't wait to read the whole work as soon as possible .But two years on, it seems to me that Mutis has put the matter behind him, as many of us writers do with our favorite dreams.It was only then that I mustered up the courage to ask his permission to write on the subject.This is "spying"

A successful hit after ten years, so first of all I have to thank Alvaro Mutis. At first, what interested me most was not the glorious deeds of the protagonist of the novel, but the Magdalena River.I have been familiar with this river since I was a child.I had the good fortune to be born on the Caribbean coast, and from there to board a ship and sail straight to the distant, muddy city of Bogota.From the first time I arrived in Bogota, I felt more like a foreigner than in any other city.During my school days I made eleven trips up and down the Magdalena River in ships built by Mississippi shipyards, destined to evoke memories of the past and make any writer irresistible to those mysteries The temptation of the story. In addition, the relevant historical evidence did not bother me too much, because the history of Bolivar's last trip along the river is the least written part of his life.The general himself wrote only three or four letters—he probably dictated more than 10,000 letters in his lifetime—and not a single member of his entourage has any written recollection of those unfortunate 14 days.Nevertheless, from the beginning of the first chapter of the novel, I have had to look up occasional references to Bolivar's way of life.Checking one item leads to another, and another, and the chain reaction continues until there are too many to look up.During two long years, I was completely caught in the quicksand of a torrent of contradictory and sometimes indistinguishable material, from Daniel Florencio O'Leary, Bolivar's aide-de-camp, to I dabbled in everything from the 34 volumes of memoir to unexpected newspaper clippings.Since I have neither experience nor methods for historical research, my life is even more difficult. This book would not have been possible without the help of those who have set foot on that land repeatedly before me for a century and a half.With the help of their unique materials, without giving up the privilege of free fiction in writing novels, it is much easier to make a bold literary creation of Bolivar's life.However, I am especially grateful to my old and new friends, who not only took my big questions—such as Bolivar’s real political thoughts when he faced various real contradictions—as their own affairs, but also gave great importance to them. The most insignificant questions I asked—such as the size of Bolivar’s shoes—were treated with the same scrupulousness.What I respect most, however, is the generosity of those who have been overlooked in this thanks list due to my damned amnesia. Colombian historian Eugenio Gutierrez Celli, in answering my long list of questions, created a card file just for me, which not only provided me with some unexpected material—many The material is hard to find in Colombian nineteenth century newspapers and inspired me how to research and organize the material.In addition, "The Life of Bolivar", which he co-wrote with the historian Favio Puyo throughout the writing process of this book, was like a nautical chart for me, allowing me to explore Bolivar at any time in his life. gallop.Favio Puyo was also enthusiastic about solving my problems in a timely manner. He called from Paris to read the relevant materials to me, or sent the materials as urgent mail by telex or telephone fax. This was a life-saving medicine for me. .Gustavo Vargas, a Colombian historian and professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, put me on the phone anytime he wanted to explain my questions, especially those related to the political thought of the time.Benicio Romero Martinez, a historian who specializes in the study of Bolivar, discovered from Caracas about Bolivar's personal habits, especially the foul language he often talked about, and his entourage. The character of the personnel and the material of the destination are provided to me.I find it almost miraculous to be able to find such material.He also scrupulously reviewed historical sources for the final draft of the novel.Thanks to his timely reminder, I didn't make a joke about Bolivar's childhood eating mangoes with relish, because mangoes apparently did not reach America until a few years after Bolivar's childhood. Jorge Eduardo Ritter, Panamanian ambassador to Colombia—later Panamanian foreign minister—had made several hastily flown to me in order to send me some of his now-unavailable books. Come to Mexico City.Mr. Francisco de Afriskata of Bogota has always pointed me in the direction of the vast works on Bolivar.Former Colombian President Belisario Betancur, accepted my phone calls for a whole year, clarified many scattered questions for me, and confirmed for me that several poems recited by Bolivar came from Ecuador Hand of the poet José Joaquin Olmedo.Before starting to write this book, the many conversations I had in Havana with Francis Copier gave me a definite idea of ​​what I wanted to write.Colombia's most popular and helpful linguist writes Roberto Cadaved (Argos) who helped me track down the meaning and dating of some dialects.At my request, Gladstone Oliva, a geographer at the Cuban Academy of Sciences, and Jorge Pérez Doval, an astronomer, put together a list for me of the full moon nights of the first 30 years of the last century. My old friend Anibal Noguera Mendoza sent me some materials he personally compiled from the Colombian embassy in Prince Lane, and generously allowed me to freely use the same subject that he himself is writing Material to be used in a scholarly work.Also, in the first draft, he found half a dozen of my fatal fallacies and suicidal anachronisms, which otherwise cast doubt on the seriousness of the novel. Finally, Antonio Bolivar Goyanez, a collateral relative of Bolivar, perhaps the last surviving good old-fashioned compositor in Mexico, enthusiastically went over the manuscript with me, even for the slightest misinterpretation , repetitions, contradictions, errors, including typographical errors, were all found out, and the language and spelling were strictly explored and deliberated until seven changes were made.That's how we caught such glaring mistakes: a soldier who won a battle before he was born; a widow who went to Europe with her dead husband; Quito, but write them as lovingly having lunch in Bogota, etc.I'm not quite sure, however, whether I should be grateful for these last two bits of help, because if these fallacies hadn't been discovered, perhaps such nonsense would inadvertently add some humor to the bleak atmosphere of the book, and perhaps still Desirable yet. García Márquez in January 1989 in the Cici City Simon Bolivar Chronology of Events On July 24, 1783, Simon Bolivar was born. On January 19, 1786, his father, Juan Vicente Bolivar, died. On July 6, 1792, his mother, Donna Maria de la Concepcion Palacios y Blanco, died. On July 23, 1795, Bolivar left his uncle's house.He was sent to the home of Simon Rodriguez, a teacher at a public elementary school, after two uncles fought a long-running lawsuit over his custody.In October of that year, he returned to the home of his uncle Carlos. In 1797 Manuel Gual and José Maria España planned a rebellion against Spain in Venezuela.Bolivar joined the White Volunteer Battalion in the Aragua Valley as a cadet. In 1798 Andres Bello taught its grammar and geography.At the same time he was studying physics and mathematics at home and at the college opened by Father Francisco de Andujar. On January 19, 1799, Bolivar set off for Spain, stopping in Mexico and Cuba.Wrote the first letter in Veracruz, Mexico. In Madrid in 1800, he came into contact with the scholar Marquez Deustaris, his true mentor and friend. From March to December 1801, studied French in Bilbao, Spain. On February 12, 1802, he traveled in Amiens, France. He admired Napoleon Bonaparte very much, and he fell in love with Paris from then on. On May 26, married Maria Teresa Rodriguez del Toro Alessa in Madrid. On July 12, after marriage, he and his wife returned to Venezuela to take care of and manage his property. On January 22, 1803, Maria Teresa died in Caracas. Returned to Spain on October 23. On December 2, 1804, went to Paris to attend Napoleon's coronation. On August 16, 1805, he went to Rome, Italy to take the oath. On December 27, a Freemasonry was founded in Paris according to the Scottish rite. In January 1806, he was promoted to Secretary of the Masonic Society. On January 1, 1807, it arrived in Charleston, USA, and then traveled to several cities in the country. In June, back to Caracas. On April 18, 1810, was exiled at his estate in Aragua, Venezuela, and therefore did not participate in the events of April 19 - the beginning of the Venezuelan Revolution. On June 9, he was sent to London to perform a diplomatic mission, where he met Francisco de Miranda. Returned home from London on December 5th.Five days later, Miranda also arrived in Caracas, staying at the home of Simon Bolivar. March 2, 1811.The first Venezuelan parliament was convened. On July 4, Bolivar delivered a speech at the Patriotic Society. On July 5, the parliament declared Venezuela independent. On July 23, under the command of Miranda, Bolivar captured Valencia.This is his first war experience. March 26, 1812, Caracas earthquake. On July 6, Colonel Simon Bolivar lost the fortress of Puerto Cabello due to the betrayal of the traitors. On July 30, Bolivar, along with other military officials, arrested Miranda and proceeded to conduct a military trial on him.They thought Miranda was a traitor because he had signed the surrender.Manuel Maria Casas took the famous prisoner from them and handed him over to the Spaniards. On September 1, he arrived in Curacao and began his first life in exile. Dec. 15, "Declaration of Cartagena" in New Granada. Dec. 24. Bolívar captures Tenerife and begins the Battle of the Magdalena, pushing Spanish royalists from the area. drive them all away. Battle of Cucuta, February 28, 1813. On March 1, captured San Antonio del Tachira. On March 12, was appointed Brigadier General of New Granada. On May 14th, the battle of Cucuta. Victorious entry into Merida, 23 May, hailed as "The Liberator" On June 15, the Declaration of Decisive Battle was issued in Trujillo. On August 6th, the victory entered Gabrigas, and the Cucuta War ended. On October 4, the municipal government of Caracas declared Bolívar the commander of the army and the "liberator," at a public meeting. December 5th, Battle of Araure. On February 8, 1814, ordered the execution of the prisoners in La Guay. La Victoria was commissioned on February 12. Battle of San Mateo, February 28. First Battle of Carabobo, May 28. On July 7, about 20,000 Caracas, led by Bolivar, moved eastward. On September 4, Rivas and Piar, who wanted Bolivar and Marinho, ordered their arrest in Carupano. On September 7, Bolivar issued the "Carupano Declaration". He ignored the arrest warrant and sailed to Cartagena the next day. On November 27, the government of New Granada promoted Bolivar to commander-in-chief, entrusting him with the recovery of Cundinamarca province.Thus began the campaign, which lasted until the surrender of Bogota. On December 12, the government was established in Bogota. On May 10, 1815, Bolivar wanted to liberate Venezuela from Cartagena, but was firmly opposed by the city's authorities, so he decided to sail to Jamaica to live a life of voluntary exile. On September 6, Bolivar published the famous "Letter from Jamaica". On December 24, he arrived at the port of Los Cayos, Haiti by boat, where he met his friend Louis Brion, a sailor from Curacao Island.In Haiti he met President Pétion, who gave him inestimable cooperation. March 31, 1816, departed from Haiti, and began the expedition of the so-called Puerto Los Cayos.Accompanied by Louis Brion. On June 2, Bolivar issued a decree emancipating the slaves in Carupano. On February 9, 1817, Bolivar and Bermudez reconciled, and they embraced each other on a bridge over the Neverli River in Barcelona. On April 11, Piar launched the Battle of St. Felix Island, liberated Angostura, controlled the Orinoco River Basin, and finally consolidated the Third Republic. On May 8, a parliament was convened in Galliaco, initiated by the pastor José Cortez Madariaga.The meeting ended in failure, but two decrees passed continued to be in force. They were: the flag was marked by seven stars, and the island of Margarita was named the new Esparta country. On May 12, Bolivar promoted Piar to commander-in-chief. On June 19, Bolivar wrote to Piar in a conciliatory tone: "General, I would rather go and fight the Spaniards than have unpleasant things happen among the patriots." On July 4th, in order to escape the first ambush of the Spanish Royalist Army, Bolivar jumped into Lake Casa Coima. In the neckless water, facing his distraught officer, he still plausibly described his conquest of Ango A plan of action after Stura up to the liberation of Peru. On October 16, General Piar was shot in Angostura.The military court was chaired by Louis Brion. On January 30, 1818, he met Pais, the military chief of Llano Province, for the first time in the Rancho Cania Fistura, Apure State, Venezuela. On February 12, Bolivar defeated Morillo at Calaboso. On June 27, the Orinoco post office was established in Angostura. On February 15, 1819, Bolivar established the Angostura Parliament and delivered a famous speech.He was elected president of Venezuela and immediately launched a campaign to soften New Granada. On August 7, Boyaca was decommissioned. On December 17, Bolivar created the Republic of Colombia and divided it into three provinces: Venezuela, Cundinamarca, and Quito.Parliament elected him President of Colombia. On January 11, 1820, in San Juan de Pajara, Apure. March 5, in Bogota. On April 19, the tenth anniversary of the revolution is celebrated in San Cristobal. On November 27, met with Pablo Morillo, the Supreme Commander of the Spanish Colonial Army, in Santa Ana, Trujillo Province.The day before, they had signed the armistice and the treaty of Spanish recognition of the aftermath of the War of Independence. On January 5, 1821, plans for the southern campaign were drawn up in Bogotá, and the task was given to Sucre. On February 14, Bolívar congratulated Rafael Urdaneta on Maracaibo's declaration of independence, although he expressed concern that Spain would see him as speculative and undermine the armistice. On April 17, Bolivar issued a proclamation announcing the tearing up of the Armistice Agreement.And start the "jihad".The bulletin said: 'The purpose of war is to disarm the enemy, not to destroy him. " On April 28, hostilities resumed and on June 27, Bolivar defeated La Torre at Carabobo.Although this was not the final battle, Venezuela's independence was guaranteed in Carabobo. April 7, 1822, the Battle of Tibonne. On May 24, the Battle of Pichincha. On June 16, when Bolivar entered Quito with Sucre, he met Manuela Saenz. On July 11, Bolivar arrived in Guayaquil, and two days later announced its annexation to Colombia. From July 26 to 24, Bolivar and General Jose de San Martin met in Guayaquil. On October 13, in the city of Loja, near Cuenca, Ecuador, Bolivar wrote "My Bold Prophecy in Chimborazo." On March 1, 1823, Peruvian President Riva Aguero promised 4,000 reinforcements from the "Liberator" and received material assistance from Colombia to achieve Peru's independence.Bolivar sent an expeditionary force of 3,000 men on March 17, followed by reinforcements of 3,000 men on April 12. On May 14, the Peruvian Congress issued a decree calling on the "liberators" to end the civil war. On September 1, Bolivar arrived in Lima, Peru.Parliament authorized him to surrender Riva Aguero, who had defected to the Spaniards. On January 1, 1824, Bolivar fell seriously ill in the Peruvian coastal city of Pativelca. On January 12, an order was issued to impose the death penalty on all persons who stole more than 10 pesos from the state treasury. On January 1, Bolivar wrote a very moving letter to his teacher, Simon Rodriguez, saying, "You have raised me to be a man of liberty, justice, great causes and the greatest The heart of good things." On February 10, Peru's parliament appointed him dictator in an effort to save the crumbling republic. On August 6, the Battle of Junin was a great victory. On December 5, Bolivar liberated Lima. On December 7, the Panamanian Parliament was convened. On December 9, Sucre won the Battle of Ayacucho.The whole of Spanish America was completely liberated. In 1825 Britain recognized the independence of the new American nation. On February 12, in order to express its gratitude to Bolivar, the Peruvian Congress ordered Bolivar to be awarded various honors: a medal, a statue of a knight, 1 million pesos to Bolivar himself, and 1 million pesos to his army.Bolivar declined the money offered to him by the Congress and accepted the money offered to his soldiers. On February 18, the Peruvian Congress rejected Bolivar's resignation from the unlimited powers of the presidency. On August 6, the National Assembly of Upper Peru convened in Chuquisaka and decided to establish the Bolivian Republic. On October 26, Bolivar climbed to the top of Potosi Mountain in Bolliduia. On 25 December, in Chuquisaka, an order was issued to plant 1 million trees where they are most needed. On May 25, 1826, Bolivar informed Sucre from Lima that Peru had recognized the Bolivian Republic.At the same time, the draft constitution of Bolivia was sent to him. On June 22, the Panamanian Parliament was established. On December 16, Bolivar went to Maracaibo, where he promised Venezuelans to convene the Grand National Assembly. On December 31, arrived in Puerto Cabello to look for Pais. On January 1, 1827, an amnesty was ordered for those responsible for the Cosciata incident.Approved Pais as the supreme leader of Venezuela. On January 2, he wrote to Pais in Puerto Cabello, saying: "I cannot split the republic, but I want all the best in Venezuela. If Venezuela voluntarily secedes, it will be submitted to the Congress for resolution." On January 4, met Pais in Nagua, near Valencia, and offered him support.He had previously said to him, "He has the right to oppose injustice with justice and the indiscriminate use of force by disobedience to the Bogota Assembly." dissatisfied. On January 12, Bolivar and Gas arrived in Caracas, where they were warmly welcomed by the crowd. On February 5, Bolivar sent a letter from Caracas to Bogota's parliament, again resigning from the presidency.He put forward various moving reasons, and finally said: "It is with this feeling that I resign the President of the Republic once, a thousand times, thousands of times..." March 16, total break with Santander "You don't write me anymore, I don't want to write back to you, I don't want to call you a friend" On June 6, the Colombian Parliament rejected Bolivar's resignation and asked him to go to Bogotá to take the oath of office on July 5.Depart Caracas for Bogota.He never returned to his native city after that. On September 10, he arrived in Bogota and was sworn in as President of the Republic of Colombia in the face of a politically vicious opposition. On September 11, he wrote to Thomas de Herres, saying, "Yesterday I entered this capital and assumed the presidency. This is necessary in order to overcome countless difficulties and avoid many disasters." 1828 Arrived in Bucaramanga on April 10, 2009, in conjunction with the Ocaña Congress.In Parliament, the Bolivarian and Santander parties were clearly established.Bolivar protested to Congress "the move to pardon General Padilla for the murder he committed in Cartagena." On June 9, left Bucaramanga planning to go to Venezuela, intending to stay at the Marquis de Toro's Anauco country house. On 11 June, the Ocañian Parliament declared its dissolution. On June 24th, changed plans and returned to Bogota to be welcomed. In a statement issued in Valencia on July 15, Pais called Bolivar a "genius of the nineteenth century" and "for eighteen years he has been sacrificing for your happiness. He has done everything he can." Relinquished the supreme command countless times, but, in the concrete conditions of the present republic, he was compelled to exercise it." On 27 August, in response to the challenge of the Ocañian Parliament, the Organic Law of the Dictatorship was enacted.Bolívar deposed the vice president, and Santander was excluded from the government. The "Liberators" appointed Santander as Colombia's ambassador to the United States, and Santander accepted the post, but postponed his appointment.The removal of Santander may have contributed to the murder of Bolivar. On September 21, Paez recognized the Bolívar Supreme Leader, taking an oath in front of a crowd of Archbishop Ramon, Ignacio Mendes and Ju Liang in Caracas's Grand Plaza: "...I swear to obey the , to uphold and execute all the decrees issued by Bolivar, because I regard them as the laws of the Republic. Heaven is the witness of my oath, and he will reward me for my faithfulness in fulfilling my promise.” On 25 September, there was an assassination attempt on Bolivar in Bogota.Manuelita Saenz saved him.Santander allegedly.Urdaneta served as trial judge and sentenced him to death, which Bolivar commuted to exile. On January 1, 1829, Bolivar arrived in Briffigarson.The reason why he went to Ecuador was because of the secret military occupation of Guayaquil and the conflict between the two countries. On February 27, Sukdi defeated the secret meal invaders commanded by Lamar at the Battle of Portet in De Tarki. July 21, Guayaquil, Colombia.The people welcomed the triumphant return of the "liberator". On September 13, Bolivar wrote to O'Leary, saying: "It is well known that the union of New Granada and Venezuela is maintained only by my authority, which is now and will be lost in the future..." On September 13, in a letter to Pais, he wrote: "I have ordered a circular to be issued to all citizens and social groups asking them to express their opinions solemnly. Now you can formally urge them to let the people speak their minds .The time has come for Venezuela to stand up for itself, thinking of nothing but the overall good. If radical steps are taken to get you to say what you really intend, the reforms will be accomplished and the public's wishes will be met... ..." Return to Quito on October 20th. On October 29, went to Bogota. On December 5, Bolivar wrote from Popayan to Juan José Flores, saying: "General Sucre may be my heir, probably all of us will support him, from my side Say, I'm going to do it with all my heart." On December 15, he told Pais that he would no longer accept the post of President of the Republic, and that if the parliament elected Pais as President of Colombia, he would be very happy to serve him in his own honor. On December 18, he categorically rejected the proposal to introduce a monarchy in Colombia. On January 15, 1830, went to Bogota again. On January 20, the Colombian Parliament was established, and Bolivar sent a letter proposing to resign from the presidency on January 27, asking the parliament to allow him to go to Venezuela.Colombia's parliament rejected his request. 3月1日，玻利瓦尔将权力移交国务委员会主席多明戈?凯塞多，而后退居富查。 4 月27 日，在致特别议会的信中重申他不再继续担任总统的决心。 5 月4 日，华金?莫斯克拉当选为哥伦比亚总统。 5 月8 日，玻利瓦尔离开波哥大去他的最后归宿之地卡塔赫纳。 6 月4 日，苏克雷在伯鲁埃科斯遇刺身亡。玻利瓦尔在卡塔赫纳附近波帕山下获悉这一消息，深感震惊。 9 月5 日，乌达内塔在显然缺乏公众威信的情况下主持哥伦比亚政府工作。在新格拉纳达的波哥大、卡塔赫纳和其他城市发生游行示威和暴动要求“解放者”重新执政．与此同时，乌达内塔等待他归来。 9月18 日，当获悉安排乌达内塔领导政府工作后，玻利瓦尔表示甘愿做一个公民和战士来保卫共和国的完整，并宣布将率2000人去波哥大支持现存政府。他部分地拒绝了人们要他重新执政的要求，理由是，如他重新上台会有篡权之嫌，但同时他也明确表示，在以后的选举中，“合法的阴影将会笼罩着他，或者产生一位新的总统。”最后，他要求同胞们团结在乌达内塔政府周围。 10 月2 日，在图尔瓦科。 10 月15 目，在索莱达。 11 月8 日，在巴兰基利亚。 12 月1 日，拖着病体疲惫不堪地抵达圣玛尔塔。 12 月6 日，在圣佩德罗?亚历杭德里诺乡间别墅，这是一个名叫华金?德米耶尔的西班牙人的产业。 12 月l0 日，口授遗嘱和最后一次公告，在医生的一再坚持下，他作了忏悔和接受了圣礼。玻利瓦尔说：“这是怎么回事？……难道我的身体已经糟到让你们给我谈遗嘱和作忏悔的地步了吗？……我怎样才能从这个迷宫中走出去啊！” 12 月17 日，在圣佩德罗?亚历杭德里诺乡间别墅阖然长逝，守在他身边的只有寥寥几位朋友。