Chapter 70 Chapter 10 The Camp Ground Burns

No, the surprising thing is not that riots and riots didn't happen in the labor camps, but that riots and riots did happen after all. These riots and riots, like everything undesirable in our history, that is to say, like three-quarters of the real events in all history, have been carefully and skillfully castrated, stitched, embellished, The participants in the riots had been wiped out, the wise witnesses were terrified, and the suppressors' reports to their superiors had been burned or hidden in twenty-story safes.So these riots that happened ten or fifteen years ago are now myths. (People say: Jesus, Sakyamuni, and Muhammad never existed! Isn’t it strange to say that? That was thousands of years ago!  …)

When these events had ceased to excite any living being, it was possible to permit the historians to study the little papers that remained; Burn something in the laboratory, and then the dates, places, outlines of these riots and the names of their leaders will gradually become clear. It would also include the earliest outbreaks, for example, the Rechunin incident in January 1942 at the construction site in Oshkuliye near Ustusa.It is said that Lei Qiuning was originally a freelancer and the main person in charge of the construction site.He appealed to the prisoners who violated Article 58 and the social dissidents who violated Article 7, paragraph 35, gathered about 200 volunteers, disarmed the guard composed of self-defense members, and seized some horses , fled into the forest to fight guerrillas.Later they were gradually wiped out.Until the spring of 1945, the authorities were still arresting some irrelevant people under the pretext of being involved in the "Raichunin Incident".

Maybe by this time we (no, it wasn't us then!) will understand what happened in 1948 on the site of the May 01 project (the construction of the Sivayamaska-Salekhard railway) Fabulous riot.The reason why the riot is like a myth is that people in various labor camps secretly talk about it, but no one can tell what happened; Instead, it happened in ordinary labor camps, where people were alienated by informants, overwhelmed by criminals, and even their rights as political prisoners were spurned, and they didn't even believe that prisoners could riot. According to legend, the whole incident was started by the original (not so long ago) military.Logically, it can only be like this.Without this group of people, all the prisoners who violated Article 58 would be equivalent to a mob without flesh and blood and without conviction. But who are these young people (almost all under thirty years of age)?He was an officer and soldier of the Soviet Army Field Force; an officer and soldier who had been captured by the enemy; and a former prisoner who had worked in the Vlasov Army, Krasnov Army or other national troops; Men had faced each other on opposite sides of the trench, fighting each other, and now, in this camp, they were bound together by a common oppression.These young men who fought on all fronts in World War II were able to use modern infantry tactics well, and knew how to cover and destroy patrols. In 1999 they were still under the full inertia of war and maintained their self-confidence.They couldn't figure it out anyway: why should young people like them die docilely in a whole camp?Even running away is in their eyes an incomplete compromise, a bit like desertion by a single person.They think they should fight together.

Everything has been considered.A certain prisoner operation team started the operation first.It is said that the leader is Voronin, who used to be a colonel with only one eye (some say he was just Voronov).Mention was also made of a tank captain named Sakulenko.They killed the guards (the guards back then were the exact opposite of what they are now, they were not soldiers of the regular army, but reserve troops, reserve soldiers).Then he went to liberate several other prisoner work teams.They captured the small village where the guards were stationed, attacked the camp from the outside, disarmed the watchtower guards, and opened the gates of the entire ghetto. (At this time, a necessary split occurred immediately: the gates of the quarantine area were all opened, but most of the prisoners did not run out. Some of the prisoners had not been sentenced to long sentences, and they had no intention of rioting at all; decree and the "June 4th" decree were sentenced to ten to fifteen years, but they do not want to be sentenced to apply Article 58. There are also prisoners who violate Article 58, but some prefer to kneel faithfully They didn't want to stand up and save people. And those who rushed out of the gate were not all trying to help the insurgents; there were also some criminal criminals who immediately ran happily to the free workers' village to rob supplies.)

The insurgents armed themselves with the weapons of the self-defense personnel (the eliminated security personnel were later buried in the Kochima base), and they captured a nearby labor camp.Then they decided to join forces to attack the city of Vorkuta, which is only 60 kilometers away.But, easier said than done!The airborne paratroopers cut off the road to Vorkuta, and the ultra-low-flying attack planes fired fiercely at the insurgents, and they had to scatter in all directions. Trials, shootings, and sentences of twenty-five or ten years followed. (By the way, many people who did not participate in the action and stayed in the labor camp "refreshed" their sentences.)

It was quite obvious that their uprising was hopeless from a military point of view.But who is to say that it is more hopeful to lose weight slowly and die slowly? Special labor camps were established shortly thereafter.Most of the Article 58 prisoners were singled out.But so what? In 1949 a roughly similar event took place in the Lower River Turiah branch of the Berlage special labor camp: the guards were disarmed, seven or eight submachine guns were handed over, and the camp was attacked from the outside , defeated the guards, cut the telephone lines, and opened the gates of the labor camps.This time, the labor camp was full of numbered, branded, doomed and hopeless political prisoners.

But what about the result? The prisoners didn't rush for the gate either... Of course, those who led the riot had nothing to lose. They turned their uprising into an escape, and fled towards Melgar in batches.They were intercepted by troops and small tanks near Errigan-Toskan (General Semyonov was in command of the campaign). The rioters were all killed. I remember a riddle: what is the fastest in the world?The answer is: thought! That's right, but also wrong.Thought, it is sometimes very slow, ah!It's so slow!People, people, society, often have the hard way, and often very late, to come to a realization of what has happened to them, of their real situation.

When Stalin deported Article 58 offenders to special labor camps, it was almost a gleeful display of his power.Originally, these people had already been guarded by him very firmly, but he still wanted to use tricks to control them better.He counted on the special labor camps to make these men more frightened.The results backfired. The whole system of repression instituted during Stalin's lifetime was based on segregating disaffected people; Believe that there are no disaffected people at all, but only a very few lonely individuals who are empty, vindictive, and doomed. But these disaffected people were gathered in thousands in special labor camps.They counted, and they understood: far from being empty of heart, we are people with a higher sense of life; Much nobler than the "theoreticians" trying to justify why these people should rot in labor camps.

This new development in the special labor camps attracted little attention at first.On the surface everything seems to be a continuation of the normal labor camp.It is true that the criminals, who had always formed the backbone of the camp system and administration, gradually lost their air.However, the redoubled ferocity of the guards and the continuous expansion of the area of ​​the strong control shed seem to make up for this weakening. However, one thing is worth noting: as criminals have subsided, theft has disappeared.Now people no longer look suspiciously, but look at the people around them with kind eyes.I said, friends, maybe we do qualify as... political prisoners? ...

If we were political prisoners, wouldn't our conversation be more casual while lying in bed or sitting by the squad fire.certainly.You have to look around to see who is standing next to you.Actually, who cares; let him listen, after twenty-five years in prison, what can he do? In the past, the mental state of the entire labor camp was: you die today, and I will live until tomorrow; justice and justice cannot be found anyway; it has been like this in the past, and it will be like this in the future... But now, this mental state is beginning to disappear.Why can't I find it?Why will this be the case in the future? ...

The content of the whispers in the prisoners' work team began to change: people no longer talked about the ration of each person, they no longer talked about bad soup, but talked about things that could not be heard outside, and these discussions became more and more casual, The freer you are, the bolder you are!At this time, the captains also suddenly realized that his fists no longer had the power to control everything: some captains couldn't grab their fists at all, and other captains' fists were less and less powerful.Sometimes the captain would put down his airs and sit by the side to listen and say a few words.In this way, people in the team began to regard the captain as their partner: he is also his own! The captains often have to go to the production planning office or the accounting office for various small problems: to discuss who should reduce the rations, who should be sent to work, and so on.They naturally transmitted this new air, a certain hazy seriousness, a sense of duty, a certain new meaning, to the orderly men who worked there. The servants (though far from all) were also affected by this atmosphere.When they came to the special labor camp, they had strongly hoped to grab a job as a handyman here, and now they finally got it.Then why is it not as comfortable as in an ordinary labor camp?Wouldn't they be locked up in a hut now, making latkes, living with other handymen, away from those who did the work?No!Now they realize: these are not the main ones.Why?So what's the main thing? ...They are already ashamed to boast about how they drink other people's blood and how they live off others like they do in ordinary labor camps.Handymen—these guards’ helpers also began to make friends among the workers, and sometimes they even folded their own clean new cotton clothes with other people’s dirty clothes, and happily lay down with the workers Chat and spend Sunday. In the past, prisoners in ordinary labor camps could be roughly divided into several categories: handymen and laborers; ordinary criminals and those who violated Article 58.Now it is different, the classification is more complex and interesting: fellow countrymen, people of the same religion, people with experience in the world, people with knowledge, and so on. It is unlikely that the camp authorities will quickly discover and understand this situation.But the dispatch workers no longer carry the one-meter-long driving sticks, and they don't even roar like they used to.They are now talking to the captains in a friendly way, for example: Hey, Komov, it's time to call people to work! (Not in the minds of the dispatchers, but because there seemed to be something disturbingly new in the air.) But it's all just a slow process.How many years, how many years, it will take for a little change!It is slower than the change of seasons.And these changes did not affect all the captains and handymen, it only affected the part of the people who still had a bit of conscience and friendship covered with dust in the depths of their hearts.And a person who is willing to be a villain can still be his villain smoothly.Real advances in understanding, intellectual shocks, heroic advances have yet to take place.A labor camp is still a labor camp, and we are still oppressed and helpless.Our only way out was to escape through layers of barbed wire and towards the grassland, while they shot us with submachine guns and released military dogs to bite us. Brave thoughts, reckless thoughts, step-by-step thoughts, this is the consideration: How can we not run from them, but let them run from us? As soon as the question was asked, as soon as how many people thought about it and asked it, how many people heard it, the era of escape from the labor camps ended and an era of riots began. But how to start this era?Where to start?We are chained, entangled in many tentacles, and have no freedom of movement!Where should I start? What seems to be the simplest thing is often not so simple in real life.It seems to have happened as early as in the ordinary labor camps.It has already been thought that the eyeliners should be done away with.At that time, someone also arranged: roll a log from the lumber pile and throw the eyeliner into the swollen river. It is not difficult to think of such things here!So, which tentacles should be chopped off first?It seems like everyone knows it, but no one really knows it. Indeed, someone committed suicide.A man was found hanged in the "No. 2" punishment shed. (I have described the various stages of this process in the context of the Ekbastuz camp. In other special camps the process was about the same.) The camp authorities took no trouble in taking the dead out of the trap. Take it off, pull it out and throw it away. The people in the team are talking about each other.That man was an eyeliner, he didn't hang himself, he hanged himself. warn! There were many mean fellows in the labor camp, and the most well-fed, roughest, and most shameless of them was the canteen manager, Timofey Schumacher. (I'm not trying to hide his surname, but I've forgotten it.) He even had his own guard—a group of well-fed cooks, and he also kept a group of house slaves, thugs, who were often in the cafeteria. People who do odd jobs.It was common for him and his gang to beat and kick prisoners.Once, for no reason, he beat a short, dark "kid".Normally, he never cared who he hit.However, this "little devil" who grew up in a special labor camp and has been influenced by the new atmosphere in recent years is not an ordinary child, he is a Muslim.There are many Muslims in the labor camps.These people are no more than ordinary criminals.They can often be seen in the west of the camp before sunset with their foreheads pressed to the ground or hands raised in prayer (they were laughed at in normal labor camps, but not here).These Mohammedans had their own leaders, and, in the new atmosphere of late, they seemed to form their own councils.So, the believers made a resolution: revenge! Early on Sunday morning, when those guys were still lying in the hot bed, the "little devil" who was beaten and another Ingush from the North Caucasus sneaked into the work shed where the handymen lived, and found the room where Si lived. The knife quickly killed this guy who weighed more than 90 kilograms. But how immature people were then!The two men didn't try to cover their faces, nor did they want to run away at all. Instead, they left the corpse, took the bloody knife, and went to surrender to the guards with the satisfaction of having done their duty.They will be judged. This is all exploration in progress.All this may still be possible in ordinary labor camps.However, the dignified citizens continue to explore: Is this the main link that needs to be grasped?Should this link be used to break the entire chain? "Kill the eyeliner!" Yes, that's it, this link!Stab the knife into the heart of the eyeliner!Make knives, kill eyeliner - yes, that's it! Now, as I write this chapter, the rows of humanitarian volumes in the wall cabinets stare at me majestically, their gray and ancient spines like stars shining through thin clouds The place cast blame flashes at me, as if to say: Everything in the world should not be obtained by violence!As soon as we take up our swords, knives, and guns, we soon join forces with those murderers and tyrants who kill us.Then there will be no end... There will be no end!Now, here, in a warm and clean room, I'm sitting at Xia Yi's desk, and I fully agree with this. However, you should try yourself, innocently sentenced to twenty-five years in prison, with four number cloths sewn on your body, often with your hands behind your back, body-searched twice in the morning and evening, exhausted from labor, and because of other people's small reports And being dragged into a forced labor shed, trampled forever into a mud puddle...after all this, from there, from that mud puddle, you will feel that all the teachings of all the great humanitarians are all fat-headed The nonsense of idlers! There will be no end! ? ...so will there be a beginning?Will there be a glimmer of hope in our lives? The oppressed people have come to the conclusion that kindness cannot root out evil. Eyeliners are human too? ? ...the camp guards read to each work shed a threatening order that must be conveyed to all the prisoners in the whole of Bischanlage: Two girls (whose birth dates indicated that they were both young) carried out made anti-Soviet talks, and therefore, after a court of... These two girls have already been sentenced to ten years in prison, and they once talked quietly in bed.Which dead animal lost to inform them?Wasn't this whistleblower also sentenced?Who are eyeliners? ! No more doubts.However, it is not so easy to start the first few blows after all. I don't know where and how to start. (The killings started in all the special labor camps, even in the Spassk branch of the battalion for the disabled.) We started here after a batch of prisoners was brought in from Dubovka.The prisoners were basically Western Ukrainians and were "members of Ukrainian nationalist organizations".They have contributed a lot to the whole movement everywhere, they are the ones who push the cart.It was these prisoners from Dubovka who gave us the germs of the riot. These able-bodied young men, who were taken directly to the labor camps from the partisan trails, had already recognized the environment when they were imprisoned in Dubovka.Amazed by the hibernation and slavish docility of the inmates, they resolve to take up the knife themselves. In Dubovka, their awakening brought riots, fires, and the dissolution of the labor camps.But the overconfident, blind camp owners (no wonder they haven't encountered any opposition for thirty years and are used to no opposition to them.) don't even think of transferring the prisoner to the The rioters who come here are separated from us.Instead they divided them into teams throughout the battalion.This is the method used in ordinary labor camps.Dispersing people can silence the voices of protest.But in our environment, which has begun to purify itself, this method can only help the flames to consume the entire labor camp as quickly as possible. The newcomers went out to work with the various work teams, but they didn't work at all or just put on a show. They lay in the sun (it was summer I) and talked quietly.And now, from the sidelines, they look a lot like the criminals who do it legally: they're just as young, well-fed, and in good health. But one rule is becoming clearer, but it's a new and startling one: "Whoever destroys conscience will go to the king of Hades tonight!" Nowadays, murders happen one after another, more frequently than escapes during the period when escapes were the most.The perpetrators of these murders were sure and secretive: no one turned himself in with a bloody knife.People save their lives and their knives for something else!Their favorite time is five o'clock in the morning.At this time of day the guards would come and open the gates of the sheds, and then move on to the next shed, while the prisoners were almost all asleep.So the masked avenger sneaked into the room he had already spotted, approached the bed he had already spotted, and killed the informer who had woken up and screamed or was still sleeping .After being convinced he was dead.The Avengers are leaving with great grace. They are wearing masks.Can't see the numbers on their eyes, the number cloth is torn off Or covered up.However, even if the person on the bed next to the slain If the outline recognized who it was, not only would they not rush to take the initiative to report, but during the interrogation, Will not surrender even under the threat of the "Godfather" of the prison, who will insist: "No, no, I don't know, I don't see!" And it's not just based on that The ancient truth grasped by all the oppressed people--"Ask a question and know three things. Gods and monsters Don't"--you are doing something, which is also protecting yourself! Because if anyone speaks out, whoever I will also meet Hades at five o'clock the next morning; the Special Operations Specialist expressed his kindness to him It didn't help him in the slightest. so.Killings (although there were fewer than ten of them) became a routine, a a common phenomenon.When the prisoners go to wash their faces and get breakfast in the morning, they often ask each other: Who did God kill again?In this chilling sporting event, prisoners' ears Hear the sound of the drums of justice rising from underground. This was done in complete secrecy.as long as someone (a recognized authority Soldier) put a name to someone somewhere: kill this guy!As for who will do it, He didn't care what day he did it, where he got the knife.As for taking care of these things Combatants, they only know that they must carry out the judgment of the judge, but they do not know Who is the judge. It must be admitted that in the absence of formal documented appointments by the eyeliners, this Institutional, illegitimate, invisible courts hand down far more judgments than we know All courts, tribunals, court-martials and special courts shall render their judgments with exactness Much, much less error. Prisoners called this killing "slaughter."This slaughter was so accurate that it was later even Until it developed to work during the day, it was almost done in public.Formerly served in Rostov A big bad guy in a fairly high-ranking Ministry of Internal Affairs job, a short, freckled The fellow, now the "shed master" of the prisoner's shed, he is in the "toilet" during the day on Sunday room" was killed. People have gone wild, and everyone crowds into the toilet to watch the blood Drenched corpse. Later, the search began for the whistleblower who had betrayed the tunneling plans for Penalty Shack No. 8. (When the camp authorities found out about this, they hastily locked up all the key figures from Dubovka in the punishment room of No. 8 workshop. However, without these people, the slaughter continued as usual.) The avengers carried knives in broad daylight Chasing the informer in the camp, the eyeliner ran towards the management office shed, the Avengers were pressing behind, and the eyeliner was at one end.After sneaking into the office of Major Maximenko, the director of the labor camp branch, the Avengers followed closely.Meanwhile the major was sitting in an armchair while the camp barber was shaving him.According to the regulations of the labor camp, the major was not allowed to carry weapons in the camp.Suddenly seeing several people with knives barging in, the major was frightened out of his wits, pushed away the razor and ran down from the armchair, begging for mercy.He thought they were going to kill him.He was relieved to see that the spy had been killed in person (no one tried to kill the major. The movement that had just started had a rule: only the spy, not the guards and camp leaders).However, the major still took the opportunity to jump out of the window.Half-shaven, still wearing a white apron, he ran straight for the watchtower, yelling like hell: "Watchtower! Shoot! Watchtower, shoot!" But no shots were fired from the watchtower... … Another time, the eyeliner was not killed on the spot, he broke free and ran to the hospital with knife wounds.He was sutured and bandaged in the hospital.But since the major is frightened and begging for mercy, can the hospital save him?Two or three days later, the eyeliner was killed on the hospital bed... Only a dozen people were killed in the big labor camp of 5,000 people.However, every time the knife slashed, a batch of tentacles wrapped around us fell off.It feels like a breath of refreshing fresh air is blowing!On the surface, it seemed that we were still prisoners, in the labor camps, but in reality we were free.We are free because for the first time in our lives we can now speak openly and out loud what we think!Such freedom cannot be imagined by anyone who has not undergone this transformation! Now the eyeliners are "eyeless and wireless"! ... Before this, the operations people had always been free to leave a prisoner in the camp during the day and talk to him for hours and hours.Who knows what to talk about? !Do you want him to report?Give him new instructions?Find out from him those distinctive prisoners who haven't done anything yet, but might do something?Know the characters who might become the center of the rebellion in the future? In the past, every night, when the whole team came back from work, they would naturally ask this person: "Why did you stay here today?" The person who was left always replied: "Just show me some photos. Tell me to recognize someone..." I don't know if he is telling the truth or is using this kind of lie as a cover. In the years after the war, it was true that some pictures of people were often shown to the prisoners, so that the prisoners could identify people they had encountered during the war.However, it is impossible to show photos to everyone, and there is no such need.But everyone said that when they came back, and both their own people and the informer answered this way.Mutual suspicion thus arose among the prisoners, and this suspicion forced each to refrain from speaking and communicating with each other. Now, the suspicion is eliminated and the air is purified!Today, if the Cheka operators order someone not to work and want to keep him, this person will not stay.This is impossible!From the establishment of the Cheka, to the Political Security Bureau, to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, nothing like this has happened in decades!The people they summoned didn't rush forward with a beating heart, didn't put on a flattering face and walked behind them with small steps, but arrogantly (because the team's People are looking at him!) Refuse to go!This is impossible!Now, it seems that an invisible scale is swinging above the dispatch site: a small plate at one end of the scale is filled with all kinds of familiar ghosts: interrogation room, fist, stick, standing all night, cage isolation room , cold and damp solitary confinement, rats, bedbugs, military courts, a second sentence, a third sentence.But all of these things don't happen in an instant, this is just a big mill that slowly grinds the bones, it won't swallow you all in an instant, after all these, people may still survive, all here Haven't people all experienced these things? And on the other side of the scale is a very simple dish, just a knife.But this knife is for you who give in!This knife is going to plunge into your chest, not sometime in the future, but early tomorrow morning, and none of its Chickagbo will have the power to save your life!It's not very long, but it just fits right under your ribs; it doesn't even have a proper handle, it just wraps the edgeless end with electrical tape, but that gives it some traction and holds it right, Not easy to slip out of hand! At the end of the day, this latter dynamic threat carries more weight!It gives strength to all the weak, helps them get rid of the entanglement of leeches, and makes them follow the class. (It also gives these people a reason to defend: I want to stay, Chief; but I am afraid of being stabbed...Of course you have not been threatened like this, so Xiu can't imagine...) And that's not all.Nowadays, not only do people dare not go when the commissioners and other camp owners summon people, but people no longer dare to casually drop an envelope or write a letter into the postal dealer in the camp area or the complaint box set up by the superiors. out of paper.Whenever there is a letter to be sent or a complaint to be posted, people always show it to others first: Hey, you can take a look and check, this is not a whistleblower letter.Come on, join me in it! " Now the camp authorities have become both deaf and blind!Apparently, the pot-bellied Major and his second-in-command, Captain Prokofiev (also a pot-bellied one), and all the guards were still walking freely around the camp, unthreatening, walking among us and staring at us as usual.But they can't see anything!Because if there's no informer here, the man in uniform can't see or hear anything: people stop talking until he gets close, turn around, hide or walk away...or maybe just next to him There were loyal intelligence agents eager to betray their companions, but none of them dared to issue a single signal. The intelligence machine on which the all-knowing, all-knowing agency had built its credibility and reputation for decades is now out of order. On the surface, it was still the work teams, and the prisoners still went to the original construction site to work. (We had already agreed to fight the escorting guards at this point. We didn't allow them to adjust our platoon of five, and we didn't let them count halfway. We achieved our goal. Once there was no eyeliner among us, even the submachine gunners appeared Powerless.) We also work and accomplish tasks in a normal way.When returning to the living area, the guards searched as before (however, the knife was never found!).In fact, it is no longer the labor teams that the labor camp authorities have put together that hold people together, but other human associations, first of all, the nation.Ethnocentres are born that the eyeliners can't help: Ukrainian, Muslim, Estonian, Lithuanian.And the centers were consolidated.These centers are not elected, but they are formed naturally and quite rationally according to age, wisdom, degree of persecution, etc., so that it enjoys unquestionable prestige among the people's workshops of the nation.Obviously.A joint body of the various centers was also established, something like a so-called "National Consultative Conference". It should be explained here in time: not everything is as pure and smooth as it is seen when sketching the mainstream, and there have also been some competing groups such as the so-called "moderates" and "extremists". Likes and dislikes and an emotional component are at play.The self-esteem of some people who want to be "leaders" is at work.Some young "calf combatants" still lack the necessary political literacy. Some of them only think that since they are in this "errand", they should eat better. For this reason, they directly threatened the cooks in the health center , asking for extra sick meals for them, and if the cook refuses, they kill the cook, regardless of any moral standards - they are used to it, and they have knives and masks in hand!In short.In this sound core, moths have slowly begun to grow—it is commonplace and unsurprising in almost all revolutionary movements, both ancient and modern, both in China and abroad.There are bound to be accessories! There was also a simple mistake.A scheming eyeliner somehow smelled the vibe.Therefore, when he was sleeping, he repeatedly begged an honest man who loved to work to change his bed with him, and the honest man agreed.The honest man was killed in his bed the next morning. Despite such deviations.But the general direction is always very clear and clear, and also achieved the expected social effect.The number of working teams for labor camps remains the same, and the number is still the same, but, strangely, there is a shortage of squad leaders in the labor camp!This is also an unprecedented phenomenon for the Gulag Islands! .at first.This phenomenon of "personnel loss" is natural: some people are admitted to the hospital, and some people are about to complete their sentences and are transferred to the General Affairs Compound.But in the past, dispatch workers were always surrounded by a group of greedy people waiting for this position: in order to obtain the position of squad leader, they would also be given a piece of butter and a sweater!Now, not only are no one coveting the position of squad leader, but some squad leaders go to the political work office every day to grind, begging to remove him as soon as possible. Today, the working methods used by the captains in the past—repression, coercion—have failed, but not all of them can quickly come up with a new method.The selection of the squad leader became more and more problematic, so that the dispatched workers had to go to the work shed to smoke a cigarette with everyone, chat with everyone, and ask everyone by the way. "小伙子们，作业班总不能没有个头头吧。这可不像话呀！嗯？你们随便选一个吧，选出来，我们马上批准！" 后来，这种情况更严重了，因为一些班长开始往加强管制棚里逃跑，好在石砌的监狱里找个藏身之处1不只是班长，还有象阿达斯金之类的施工员吸血鬼，还有一些眼线，他们在暴露之前或者在感到事情不妙、名单就该轮到自己的时候，也会大吃一惊，急忙逃跑到加强管制工棚里去！这些人直到昨天还在人群中装好人，还在言语和行动上表示自己赞成正在发生的一切变化（囚犯中间谁敢不这么说！），昨天晚上他们还同大家一起睡在公共工棚里（其实，昨晚睡着了吗？是不是在那里紧张地思考对策，随时准备着闪开刺过来的刀子，并在暗中发誓这是最后一晚住在这里了呢！？），可是今天却突然不见了。于是，值目的囚犯得到命令：把某人的东西收拾一下，送到加强管制工棚去！ 这是特种劳改营生活中的一个新时期，它既可怕，又有趣。现在不是我们逃跑，而是他们从我们这里跑掉；从而使我们这里净化！这是这个世界上一个空前的、不可想象的时期：那些昧了良心的人夜里不能安安稳稳地睡觉了。报应已经不再等到来世，不等待历史作出判决，而是一把刀子明天早晨就会使你得到报应，这报应是可以感觉到的，活生生的。光明正大者感到脚下的营区土地柔软而温暖，叛徒则感到脚下的土地像针毡，像在燃烧！这种情况只有在童话里可以想象得出，而对于营区以外的空间，对于我们的外界自由社会来说，则是可望而不可即的，是过去从未看到过，或许将来也不可能看到的。 阴森森的石砌加强管制工棚早已经扩建完了。小小的窗孔外面装着罩斗。它阴冷、潮湿、黑暗。周围是大厚木板筑接起的坚固围墙。劳改营主人为了关押那些不听话的、逃跑的、顽固不化的、牢骚满腹的勇士们而精心建造了这加强管制工棚，不料如今它竟忽然不得不接受眼线、吸血鬼和凶恶的打手来休息养老了！ 应该说，第一个想到去找契卡人员的人，想到凭着自己长期忠实的效劳而请求他允许自己躲进石头房子。从而逃避人民那愤怒惩罚的人，还是相当聪明的。人们自己要求住进更严格的监狱，不是逃出监狱，而是逃进监狱，自愿地同意不再呼吸新鲜空气、不再见到阳光，--这种情况似乎历史上还没有发生过呢！ 劳改营首长和行动人员对于最初逃进来的几个人表示了同情，倍加爱护地把他们收留起来；毕竟是自己人嘛！给他们在加强管制工棚里挑选了最好的房间（一些说话刻薄的人把这种地方叫作"储藏室"），给他们发了床垫子，命令把他们屋里的炉子烧暖和点，允许他们每天出来散步一小时。 但是，"继第一批聪明人之后，不那么聪明但却同样渴望活下去的人们也跟上来了。（某些人逃跑时还没法替他保留面子：谁知道呢，说不定将来还得回来同囚犯们住在一起？大辅祭鲁德丘克逃进加强管制棚之前就有过一场表演；晚上熄灯号之后，几个看守突然来到他的房间表演了一场严格搜查的戏，甚至连床垫子都撕开了，然后就"逮捕"了鲁德丘克并把他带走了。不过，囚犯们很快就确切地得知，这位喜爱绘画和吉他琴的骄傲的大辅祭也住在拥挤的"储藏室"里）眼看这种人已经有十名，十五名，二十多名了！（我们用劳改营长官的姓给他们命名为"马切霍夫斯基班"。）于是，不得不压缩有效面积而开辟第二个"储藏室"。 不过，眼线只有当他们混在群众中间而没有被发现的时候才是需要和有用的。眼线一旦被发现就一钱不值了，他们再也不能在这个劳改营里起作用。因此，现在只好让他们在加强管制工棚白吃饭。他们又不去参加劳动，毫无益处。不行，就算内务部对他们慈善吧，也总有个限度吧！ 于是，当局就制止了这股求救的水流。来迟了的。对不起，你就留在工棚披着羊皮等待那一刀吧。 告密者也像是摆渡的船夫：这时需要你，事后不相识。 劳改营当局关心的是对应措施，是怎样才能制止囚犯们这可怕的运动，并且挫败它。他们习惯于做的，也是他们实际上抓的第一件事就是起草命令。 这些掌握着我们的身心的人们最不愿意承认我们的运动是政治运动。因此，在那些气势汹汹的命令中他们把已经开始的这个运动统统称之为匪徒活动（这些命令由看守们到每个工棚里来宣读）；，大概他们觉得这样称呼比较简单、容易理解，也更亲切吧。不久前，他们把真正脱匪徒冒充"政治犯"送到我们中间来当"眼线"，现在呢。相反，政治犯--第一次成为政治犯的人--却又被叫作"匪徒"了。命令里只是笼统地宣布：一这些匪徒必定会被发现（眼下还一个也没有发现！），而且（更没有把握地说）这些人将会被处决！命令里甚至号召囚犯们起来谴责匪徒们并同他们进行斗争！ ... 囚犯听完传达之后，各自暗笑着散去。"劳改营军官们不敢把政治性的东西称为政治性的（虽然三十年来一向是不管侦查什么案件都任意扣上"政治"帽子的）。这使我们感到了他们的虚弱。 这确实是虚弱！把运动称为匪徒行为，这实际上是他们的一个诡计。这样一说，劳改营当局就没有责任了。否则，它怎么竟然使得劳改营里发生了政治运动呢！ ?这样说的好处和必要性是大家都能理解的，因而上面也开始使用这种提法了：从州内务局和劳改营管理局到劳改营管理总局和内务部本身都是这么说。一个非常害怕公开报道消息的制度必然会喜欢同样地欺骗自己。如果被杀死的是看守或军官，那他们就无法回避适用第五十八条第8分条《恐怖行动》，不过，那他们也就可以很容易地判处枪决了。现在，他们看到另一种诱人的可能性：可以把特种劳改营里正在发生的事情描绘成"狗咬狗的战争"（"母狗战争"），这是震撼过整个普通劳改营的，也是由古拉格群岛的领导当局自己发动起来的战争。 "狗咬狗的战争"值得在本书中单独写一章，但为此还需要收集许多材料。我只好请读者去阅读瓦尔拉姆?沙拉莫夫的研究报告《罪恶世界随笔》，虽然那里面写得也不够全面。 简单地谈谈吧。"狗咬狗的战争"（"母狗战争"）大约爆发于一九四九年（经常发生的小偷与"母狗"〔狗腿子〕之间个别人的互相残杀又当别论）．一九五---一九五二年间曾大打特打。那时，盗贼世界分化为各色人物的小集团：除了纯粹的小偷和"狗腿子"之外，还有：不择手段派（"不择手段的窃贼"）、所谓"马赫诺分子"、大捞派、酿酒派、"小红帽"、魔手派、带棍派以及其他种种。 到了五十年代那个时期，劳改营的领导苏门已经不大相信那绝对正确的理论所教导的改造刑事犯的办法了。因此，它似乎下决心要摆脱这一负担，于是它便开始玩弄"分而治之"的手段：忽而支持这一派，忽而支持另一派，利用受支持的派别的刀子去干掉另外一些人。这种屠杀曾公开地、大规模地进行。 后来刑事惯犯中的凶手们也学会了对付办法：他们或者借他人之手杀人，或者亲自出马，事后强迫别人承担罪责．一些年轻的普通犯人和当过兵或者当过军官的人，在可能被杀的威胁下，不得不把别人的杀人罪承担下来，从而按第五十九条第3分条"匪徒行凶罪"被判二十五年徒刑。而那些盗贼团伙的头头们却在一九五三年依据"伏罗希洛夫"大赦令像没事人一样释放了。（不过我们也不必进住：后来他们又一次次地进了监狱．） 当我们的报刊上又掀起一阵风，并且刊登一些奢谈改造的多情故事时，字里行间偶尔也会透露一些关于劳改营残杀事件的消息（当然是十分模糊不清而且不真实的）。这些消息中往往故意地（为了对历史进行隐瞒）把"狗战"和特种劳改营里的"屠宰"以及其它一些原因不明的杀人混为一谈。劳改营题材是大家所感兴趣的，人们都贪婪地阅读这类文章，但是从这些文章里却什么也弄不懂（正是为了这个目的才写这些文章的）。例如，一九五九年七月《消息报》上就发表过一篇疑点百出的所谓记实性中篇小说，出自记者加利奇之手。里面说，主人翁科西赫从劳改营里写了一封长达八十页打字纸的申诉信，感动了最高苏维埃。（第一，请问，科西赫哪里来的打字机？是从行动人员那里借来的吗？第二，谁会去读这长达八十页的东西？还没有看完第一页就该打呵欠了。）并且说这个科西赫曾被判刑二十五年，是由于在劳改营里的案件被第二次加刑的、那么究竟是由于劳改营里的什么案件？为了什么增加刑期的？说到这里时作者加利奇表现了我国新闻记者的一般特点：含糊其辞，叫人摸不着头脑。读者不明白：科西赫究竟是在狗咬狗的斗争中杀了人，还是犯了杀死眼线的政治性杀人？但是，问题也就发生在这里了：如今在回顾历史的时候，人们把一切杀人都混为一谈，统统称之为匪徒行为。请看这家中央报刊是如何科学地解释这一点的吧："贝利亚的走狗们（是啊，一切都往"大灰狼"身上推吧，总不会错，大灰狼什么都能承担下来！）当时在劳改营里掌握着权力。（当时？那么在这之前呢？现在呢？）那些本来应该认真执法的人却用自己的肆意妄为代替了严明的法律。（怎么回事？违背唯一的指令？谁敢这样做？）他们千方百计地在囚犯之间排技山间，制造仇恨（着重点是我加的，这句话倒是实话。---作者注）（利用眼线的办法当然也包括在这个提法之内了）。那是一种畸蛮的、无情的、人为地煽动起来的仇恨。" 想用判刑二十五年的办法来制止劳改营里的杀人事件，自然是办不到的，因为杀人者本来就已经被判二十五年了。于是，－九六一年又颁布了新命令：在劳改营里杀人者处死刑，当然也包括杀死眼线的人在内。赫鲁晓夫发布的这条命令倒是斯大林时期的特种劳改营所需要的。 他们就是这样给自己涂脂抹粉的，但是因此也就失去了枪毙劳改营内的凶手的权利，也就是说，不可能采取有效的对应措施了。他们无法制止这场越演越烈的运动。 发布的命令没有奏效。囚犯们并没有代替自己的主人去进行谴责和斗争。因而劳改营当局便采取了第二项措施：对整个劳改营实行惩戒管理制度！这意味着，所有日常的自由时间，即除开劳动之外的全部时间，包括星期天，我们都必须像在监狱里一样被镇在屋里，必要时使用马桶，饭也在工棚里吃。人们用大桶把粥和烂菜汤送到工棚里来，食堂里空无一人。 这个办法使人很难忍受，不过，它没有继续多久。我们在工地上完全变得做做散散了。不久，煤炭托拉斯叫了起来。更主要的是这给看守们增加了一项额外负担：他们现在不得不经常在劳改营里拿着钥匙从这头跑到那一头，一会儿要给倒马桶的卫生值日开门关门，一会儿要开饭，一会儿又要把病人押送到卫生所去，再从卫生所押回来…… 劳改营当局原来指望我们受不住这种严格的制度，因而会恨那些杀人者，把他们招供出来。但是我们大家都有精神准备，认为忍受一下还是值得的。当局的另一目的是：现在每个工棚总是关着，这样就可以防止囚犯跑到别的工棚去杀人，而本工棚里的人总是容易找到的。可是，又发生了一起杀人事件，又是一个凶手也没有找到，大家还是都"没看见"，"不知道"。接着又在工地上把一个人的脑袋打了个窟窿。这就更是关闭工棚所不能解决的问题了。 惩戒制度废除了。又想出另一个办法：修建一道"万里长城"--一道大墙。这道墙的厚度是两块土坯长，高四米，就修在劳改营区中部，用它把营区分割为两部分，但暂时先留下一个豁口。（这个计划适用于全部特种劳改营。其他许多营已经把整个营区部分割成若干小区了。）这道墙对于外部的村庄毫无防护意义，因而托拉斯不会支付这笔建筑费用，所以整个建筑的担子全落在我们这些囚犯身上：制作土坯．翻晒土坯，搬运、糊墙等全部工作都要我们在星期天和下工回来之后的时间（夏天天长）完成。我们十分讨厌这道墙，明知当局叉在准备某种卑鄙勾当，可是不能不干。我们得到解放的程度还很小啊，只是头脑和嘴巴解放了，从肩膀直到月间整个身手仍旧和从前一样陷在奴隶的泥潭中。 发布恐吓命令、实行惩戒室制度、修境--这都是一些粗暴措施，完全符合监狱里的思维方式。可是，突然，怎么啦？发生了一件谁也没想到的事：开始把一个又一个作业税则到摄影室去，给每个人拍照片，态度客气，而且不是让你戴着那个狗脖套一般的号码拍照，不要求你一定把头摆成固定的角度，而是请你随便坐下，随便摆个什么姿势，愿意怎么照就怎么照。那些爱劳动的人们还听到了文化教育科长"不小心"据出来的一句话：照像是"为了办理证件"。 办理什么证件？囚犯需要什么证件？……一种兴奋的心情在囚犯们中间传开了：会不会是为了解除看管在准备出入证？会不会是……？也许……？ 有一个回家度假的看守回营了。他（当着凶犯们的两）大声对别的看守说，旅途中他看见过好几列火车，满载着释放回家的人，被释放的人们用标语和绿树枝把列车装饰起来，高高兴兴回去了。 God!心脏在激烈地跳动！是自，早该如此嘛！战争结束后本来应该先从这件事做起的！莫非终于开始做了吗？ 还听说有人收到了家信，说他的邻居已被释放，现已回到家里！ 忽然，有一个已经拍过照片的班被某个委员会传去谈话。要求一个人一个人地进去谈。斯大林的照片下面摆着铺了红布的桌子，桌旁坐着几位劳改营军官。但不仅是他们，另外还有两个在劳改营从未见过的陌生入，一个哈萨克人，一个俄罗斯人。这些人庄重地坐在桌旁，面带微笑，在填写着什么表格：姓、名、父名、一出生年月、出生地，接下去不是囚犯已经习惯回答的触犯刑法多少条、判刑多少年和刑满日期，而是详细的家庭状况。妻子、父母、有无子女、子女的年龄、现住何处、住在一起还是分居。所有这些全都记下来了！ ……（委员会的成员还时而提醒记录人员：把这点记下来！把这个情况也写下来！）、讯问的问题很奇怪，触及人的痛处，但又令人愉快！听到这些问题，连那些已变成铁石心肠的人也很不得大哭一场！day to day.Year after year.他听到的一直是那不连贯的嚎叫声：犯哪一条？利期？判决机关！ ?突然，这么一些和颜悦色、严肃认真、通情达理的军官坐在你面前，慢条斯理地、以同情的口吻（是的，正是以同情的口吻！）询问你隐藏在心灵深处的东西，而这些东西连自己都不敢去触动它，有时躺在床上和邻床的人说上一，两句，或者一两句也不敢说，……这些军官（对呀，去年十月革命节前夕不就是这个军官把你的全家照片没收掉，给你撕得粉碎吗！你忘了？现在原谅他了？），这些军官现在听到你说妻子已经改嫁，父亲已经衰老，已不指望今生能看到儿子时，对你深表同情地叹着嘴，他们互相交换一下眼色，摇摇头。 是啊，这些军官不是坏人，他们也是人，只是因为他们担负的这种狗差事才……各个项目都已填完，最后对每个人都提出这样一个问题： "嗯，那么你B已希望住在什么地方呢？是你父母住的地方，还是你从前住的地方？……" "什么？我……就住在第七号工棚呀……"囚犯睁大眼睛回答说。 "这我们当然知道！"军官们笑了。"我们是问。你希望住在什么地方？比方说吧，假如把你释放了，那么给你的证件上该填你要在哪儿落户呢？" 囚犯感到天旋地转，眼前是阳光、彩霞……他的头脑懂得，这是梦，是童话，这不可能，他的刑期是十年或二十五年，什么也没有改变，他满身泥土，明天还要被赶到工地去劳动。但是几个军官，包括两名少校，却明明坐在面前不慌不忙地、深表同情地继续在问： "你到底想上哪儿去，上哪儿？你倒说一个地方呀。" 囚犯的心脏跳得更快了，一种感激的暖流流遍周身。于是他就像个羞红了脸的男孩要说出自己心爱姑娘的名字似的，说出了内心中的秘密，说出了如果他不再是身带四块号码的、可诅咒的囚犯的话，他希望在什么地方度过自己的余年。 军官们把这个地点也记下来了！命令叫下一个人进来。而头一个人便疯人似地跑到走廊里，急不可待地把刚才的事情讲给同伴们听。 队里的人一个接一个被叫进屋里，回答友善的军官们提出的问题。五十个人中间只有一两个人苦笑了一下，回答说： "呆在这个西伯利亚一切都很好，只是气候热些。能不能把我送到北极圈内去？" Or: "请您这样写上：我生在劳改营，也要死在劳改营，我不知道还有什么更好的地方。" 军官们就这样同两三个班谈了话（全劳改营共有二百个作业班）。劳改营的囚犯兴奋了好几天：他们有的还争论呢！尽管一半人从未相信这一套。这种时候过去了！委员会后来再也没有找人谈话。其实，给囚犯"照像"并不花费什么钱，只是用没装胶卷的照像机咔嚓一下就行了。但是，要一组军官坐在那里亲切地向这些面貌可憎的囚犯问话，他们实在受不了。既然受不了，那么这一无耻的欺骗手段当然也就未能奏效。 （不过，还得承认，这也是一个很大的成就！一九四九年建立这类严格管制的劳改营时，当然有过永久性计划。但是，曾几何时，一九五一年，它的主人们就不得不煞有介事地表演这类亲切的把戏了。还需要有什么样的成功呢？为什么在普通劳改营时代他们没有被迫作这类表演呢？） 于是，刀子又开始闪光了。 于是，主人们决定：抓人。没有眼线，他们摸不准应该抓谁，但是，大概总有些怀疑对象和想法吧（说不定还是有人秘密地给他们通消息）。 一天，收工之后两个看守来到工棚，像是例行公事一般对某个囚犯说： "喂，把你的东西收拾一下，跟我们走！" 这个囚犯看了看周围的同伴，回答说： "我不去。" is not it!对于这种极为平常的抓人，或者叫逮捕，我们是从来没有反抗过的，我们已经习惯于认为这是命运的安排。原来，在这种情况下也有另一种可能性啊：我不去！我们这已经得到解放的头脑现在终于懂得这一点了！ "为什么不去？"两个看守走到眼前来了。 "就是不去！我在这里呆着满好。"囚犯坚定地回答。 "他应该去哪儿？……为什么必须去？……我们不放他走！……不放他走！……你们走开！"工棚里四面八方都说话了。 看守们踌躇了一会儿，走开了。 他们又在其他工棚里试了试同样的办法。结果一样。 豺狼们明白了：我们已经不是从前的绵羊。现在他们抓人必须借助于欺骗手段，或者在岗楼里干，或者为了一个人而抓全班。想从群众中把一个人拆走，那是办不到的。 我们清除了污秽，我们摆脱了监视和偷听，我们翻身放眼一看，明白了。我们的人成千上万！我们是政治犯！我们能够抵抗！ 我们选定了眼线、告来者、叛徒这个环节开刀，抓住这个环节拉断整个锁链．这选择该是多么正确风过去就是我们中间的人在妨碍我们生活。就像古代的祭坛上一样，他们的血流出来了，我们消解了沉重的诅咒。 革命在高涨。原来似乎一度停息了的革命的微风，如今像飓风一般吹进了我们的胸膛！