Chapter 48 Chapter 17 The Doll Prisoner

The archipelago has so many tusks and so many grimaces that it is difficult to see it from any angle.But the side where it devours the doll prisoner's bloody mouth is probably the most disgusting. Doll convicts--this is not at all the waifs in gray rags who run about the streets, steal things, and keep warm by boilers, without which city life in the twenties could not be conceived.The waifs were taken not from their homes but from the streets and sent to the juvenile correctional institutions (there were already such institutions under the People's Commissar of Education in the twenties; I would like to know how the situation of juvenile criminals was before the revolution), Juvenile workhouse (existed 192-1929, with fences, bars and guards, so it might be called a prison if you use shabby bourgeois terminology), from 1924 It was also sent to the "labor communes of the State Political Security Administration".Civil war, famine, disorder, parents shot, parents killed at the front, all sorts of reasons made them orphans.At that time, the judiciary did try to pull these children out of street stealing training and return them to living together.I started to learn factory skills in the labor commune. Considering the conditions of the unemployment era at that time, this was a preferential arrangement, so many young men were willing to learn.From 1930 onwards, in the system of the People's Commissariat of Justice, special factory schools were established for minors serving sentences.Juvenile delinquents should work 416 hours a day, receive wages according to the labor code of the whole Soviet Union, and spend the rest of their time studying and entertaining. Maybe things will go well along this route.

But where did the doll prisoner come from?It comes from Article 12 of the Criminal Code of 1926, which stipulates that children who commit crimes of stealing, committing rape, injuring others to cause disability and homicide can be sentenced from the age of twelve (58 The article is self-evident), but the sentence is lighter, not "full calculation" like adults.This is already the first small opening to the archipelago for future baby prisoners, but it is not yet the gate. We will not ignore the interesting figure: In 1927, prisoners aged sixteen (younger than this is not counted) to twenty-four years of age accounted for forty-eight per cent of all prisoners.This can be understood in this way: when the October Revolution occurred, children between the ages of six and fourteen accounted for almost half of the population of the entire archipelago in 1927.These boys and girls are in prison ten years after the victory of the revolution and still make up half of its population.This is not very compatible with the struggle to eliminate the remnants of bourgeois ideology left over from the old society, but numbers are numbers.These figures show that the islands have never lacked young people.

But how young it should be - that was decided in 1935.In this year, on the soft clay of history, the great murderer pressed his finger in and stamped it.When he crushed Leningrad and his own party, he didn't forget the children—the children he loved so much, he was their best friend, so he took pictures with them.These mischievous children, the children of cooks, were violating the socialist legal system more and more blatantly in the country. He had no other way to subdue them, so he came up with a clever plan: treat these children from time to time. From the age of twelve (his beloved daughter is also close to this limit, he can already see this age intuitively) and can be sentenced according to the code of law!That is, as explained in the July 4, 1935, resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the People's Committee, "all methods of punishment apply" (meaning that shooting is also possible).

Those of us who were uneducated rarely understood the meaning of various decrees at that time. We always looked at the portrait of Stalin holding a little black-haired girl in his hands... It is even more difficult for twelve-year-old children to read these decrees by themselves not enough.And the decrees were issued one after another.December 10, 1940 - Sentences also start at twelve for "placing various objects under railroad tracks" (oh, this is training young saboteurs).The decree of May 31, 1941--for all other offenses not covered by Article 12--sentenced from the age of fourteen.

At this point a minor disturbance occurred.The Great Patriotic War began.But the law is the law!On July 7, 1941, four days after Stalin's panicked speech, while German tanks were rushing towards Leningrad, Smolensk, and Kyiv, another statement from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was issued. Decrees, it is difficult to say, what is more interesting to us now: the academic indifference of the authorities in resolving an important problem in those urgent days, or the content of the decrees themselves.As it happened, the Prosecutor General of the Soviet Union (Vyshinsky?) sued the Supreme Court of the Supreme Soviet (it can be seen that the benefactor also knew about this matter), saying that the courts had properly applied the 1935 decree. Incorrect: They only sentence children who willfully commit crimes.This kind of soft-hearted approach cannot be tolerated!Therefore, the presidium made an explanation in the flames of war: the above explanation does not conform to the original meaning of the law!It imports restrictions that are not mandated by law! ...then it explained to the Supreme Court according to the opinion of the Chief Prosecutor: In cases where children commit crimes not intentionally but negligently, they can also be tried and all punishment methods are applied (that is, "full blows and full blows)!"

very impressive!Perhaps no one in the entire history of the world has come close to such a fundamental solution to children's problems.Penalties for negligence can be imposed from the age of twelve - up to shooting! In March 1972, when a 14-year-old British boy was sentenced to six years in prison for large-scale narcotics trafficking in Turkey, the whole of Britain was shocked—how could this be done? !But where are the eyes and hearts of your leftist leaders when reading Stalin's laws on doll prisoners? "Children?! Why do you destroy children?" A Soviet judge who happened to know nothing about Soviet domestic law (forgot how he tried it in the past) in the Nuremberg Tribunal was shocked by the crimes of the defendants , expressing innocent surprise.The English, American, and French judges sat beside him with more honest and intelligent airs.

Only in this way can all greedy mouse holes be blocked!Only in this way can the tassels of collective farms be well protected!Now the granary can be filled, life can prosper, and the children born with misbehavior will have the long road to reform. None of the party members and prosecutors who also have children and daughters trembled! --they had no trouble issuing warrants.None of the party members and judges trembled! --They sentenced children to three, five, eight, and ten years of general labor reform with their eyes open! Because of "shaving" the ears, the sentence to these little guys is not less than eight years!

For stealing a pocket of potatoes--potatoes from a child's trouser pocket--also eight years! Cucumbers are not priced that way.Sasha got five years for stealing ten cucumbers from the kolkhoz garden. Lida, a fourteen-year-old girl, collects the grain (which is meant to be spoiled anyway) that leaks from the trucks on the streets of the center of the Chingilaus district in Kostanay province. .Because she did not steal Socialist property directly from the field or from a warehouse, she was sentenced to only three years in view of the mitigating circumstances.It is possible that the judges were merciful. In this year (1948), the Supreme Court made a statement: theft with the character of children's mischief (stealing a few apples in the garden) -- No sentence.By analogy, the court found a slight relief (and we can deduce from this that stealing apples from 1935 to 1948 had been punished).

Many people were sentenced for running away from factory-run schools.Granted, only six months for this kind of behavior (jokingly called them death row in labor camps. But joke or not, look at the treatment of "death rowers" in Far Eastern labor camps; sending them out of toilets Dung. A two-wheeled cart with a large wooden bucket full of foul-smelling dung. Many "condemned prisoners" were either racked or pushed from the side or behind--when the dung bucket was shaken, the dung water splashed on them. while the ruddy "bitches" in serge laughed and drove the children away with sticks. -- still on the way from Vladivostok to Sakhalin by boat [194 Nine years], the "bitches" threatened the "credit" with knives to satisfy the children's sexual desires.--so, six months is sometimes enough).

When twelve-year-olds cross the threshold of adult convicts, treated like adults as full-rights citizens, in terms of savage sentences nearly as many as they live unconsciously, in terms of rations When the old communist re-education term "juvenile delinquent" has somehow lost its value, blurred its outlines and ambiguous meaning in terms of berths, rotten vegetable soup, and adult prisoners—then Gula Greg himself coined a loud and shameless word "doll prisoner"!And these poor citizens - not yet citizens of the country, but already citizens of the archipelago, began to repeat the word themselves with expressions of pride and pain.

Their adulthood begins so strangely early -- from the moment they step across the prison threshold. A way of life that even the calm, steady, brave people can't support falls on children of twelve or fourteen.But young people, according to the laws of young life, will not be crushed by this way of life, but will take root and adapt.It seems that new languages ​​and habits can be learned without difficulty in childhood - the doll prisoner learned the language of the archipelago as soon as he entered the door - this is the language of thieves, mastered the philosophy of the archipelago - but who is this What about philosophy? From this life they sucked the whole most inhuman thing, all the rotting venom—and yet took it for granted, as if it had been this venom instead of milk that they had fed in their infancy. How quickly they grew into life in the labor camp - not even in weeks, but in days!As if there was nothing strange about it, as if this life was not new to them at all, but a natural continuation of yesterday's free life. "They didn't grow up wearing silk on the outside: those who shaved their heads, put potatoes in their pockets, were late to work in factories, and ran away from factories run by schools, not the children of powerful parents. The doll prisoners are the sons of working people. They know very well when they are outside that life is built on injustice. But there is not everything exposed naked, some in decent coats, some for mothers On the archipelago, doll prisoners see the world through the eyes of four-legged animals: what is strong makes sense! Only cruel robbers have the right to live. The archipelago we adults see is also the same Look, but we can fight it with our experience, our thinking, our ideals, and what we have read before! Children feel the archipelago with the holy susceptibility of childhood. So In a few days children are beasts--and the worst kind of beasts without morals (how can you say they have no Morality?). The doll prisoner has a rule: if someone else's teeth are not as strong as yours - you go and take the food out of his mouth, and it's yours! There are two ways of detaining doll prisoners on the islands: a separate children's correctional institution (mainly detaining young doll prisoners under the age of fifteen) and a mixed labor camp (detaining older doll prisoners), often at the same time. Inmates with disabilities are mixed with female prisoners. Both ways are equally capable of developing ferocious animalism.None of these will save the juvenile offender from the ideal education of thieves. Look at Yula Ermolov.He stated that at the age of twelve (in 1942), he had already seen many frauds, thefts, and speculations around him, and secretly had this view of life: only the timid and timid do not steal. , Do not lie.I don't want to be afraid of anything!That said, I'm going to steal, cheat, and live my life, however, his life went the other way for a while after all.The education of students with brilliant examples in the school once attracted him.However, when he saw through "Dear Father" (the winners and ministers now say they were not at that level!), he wrote a leaflet at the age of fourteen: "Down with Stalin! Long live Lenin!" He was arrested, beaten, given 58-10, and locked up with a young thief. So Yura Ermolov quickly accepted the law of thieves. His survival The helix of the book is rapidly circling - at the age of fourteen he has already completed his "negation of negation": returning to the realization that stealing is the greatest good in life. What did he see in the reformatory for children? "There is more injustice than outside. The officers and guards eat the country's food for nothing under the guise of educational work. Part of the rations of the doll prisoners went into the stomachs of the educators from the kitchen. The doll prisoners were kicked and beaten with boots, Make them tremble all day long, and become silent and obedient prisoners.” (It should be noted here that the rations for young juvenile delinquents are not ordinary labor camp rations. Although juvenile delinquents are sentenced to long sentences, the government has not become inhumane, It does not forget that these children are also the future masters of communism. Therefore, milk, butter and real beef are added to their rations. How can the educators resist this temptation and not put the spoon in the doll prisoner In the pot? How can you silence the juvenile delinquents without kicking them with boots? Perhaps one of these baby delinquents grows up to tell us a more tragic story than that?) The simplest answer to overwhelming injustice is that you do it too!This is the easiest conclusion to draw, and it will long (perhaps forever) be the rule of life for doll prisoners. But what's interesting is that when the doll prisoners plunge into the struggle of the cruel world, neither of them is against the other.They don't consider each other enemies!They are engaged in this struggle collectively and in gangs!The germs of socialism?Hints from educators?Ouch, blah blah blah, stop mumbling.This is the law of the world of thieves coming down to them!Thieves are gangs, and thieves have discipline and leaders.Doll Prisoners--the young team members of thieves, they follow the admonitions of their elders. Oh, of course, a tight grip on their education.Send educators—three-star, four-star—to tell them about the Great Patriotic War, about the immortal feats of our people, about the atrocities of fascism, about Stalin's sunshine and dew-like care for children, about What a Soviet should be.However, the "great theory" about society is only based on economics, and has never understood psychology, nor does it know this simple psychological law; A few times -- and it will cause disgust.The doll prisoners are disgusted by everything that the teachers of yesteryear and the kitchen-stealing educators of the present have taught them (even the patriotic speeches of the troop officers: "Boys! You are trusted to dismantle parachutes .This is precious silk, the property of the motherland, and it must be cherished!"--It has no effect).Juvenile delinquents seek to exceed the quota in order to eat an extra bowl of porridge, and cut all the silk into useless pieces-(Krivoshekovo).Of all these seeds, only one seed of hatred—hostility to the Article 58 criminals, a sense of superiority to the enemies of the people—was accepted by them. This is what they will need later in ordinary labor camps.For the time being, there are no enemies of the people among them.Yura Ermolov - also turned into an ordinary doll prisoner, he has long ago replaced the stupid political code with the thief's code.In this big pot of porridge, no one can avoid being boiled!It is impossible for any child to retain his personality—if he does not immediately declare himself a young pioneer of thieves, he will be trampled, torn, and ostracized.It is inevitable for all to take this oath... (Reader! Send your children to try...) In the Children's Home--Who is the enemy of the Doll Prisoner?Caretakers and educators.There is also struggle with them! The doll prisoner is well aware of his powers.Their first strength is - unity, and their second strength is - impunity.It's just that while they're outside they can be pushed here by the laws of adults, and once they're on the islands there's a sacred taboo protecting them. "Sir, milk! Give milk!"--they howled, knocked on doors like drums, smashed boards, broke windows--doing everything that adult prisoners did that would be called armed insurrection or economic counter-revolution.They are not threatened at all!Will bring them milk in a minute! A troop of baby prisoners was led through the city under strict escort, and it seemed shameful to so solemnly guard a group of small children.That's not the case!The little prisoners have already agreed--a whistle! ! --Whoever wants to go, run in different directions!What can the escort team do?shot?hit who?Is it okay to hit a child? ...their sentence is over!Suddenly ran away from the country for a hundred and fifty years.Don't want to be a laughing stock? --Then don't catch the children! Future novelists (those who spent their childhood among baby prisoners) will tell us many tricks of baby prisoners, how they played tricks in the reformatory, took revenge on the educators, and made them suffer.Although their sentences and management system may seem strict, doll prisoners develop audacity with impunity. Here's a story they brag about.Knowing the usual ways of doll convicts, I have complete confidence in this story.A crowd of very excited and terrified children ran to the nurse at the reformatory and told her to see their seriously ill companions.Forgetting prudence, she hurried with them to their large cell of forty.At this time, the ant-like work begins! --Some blocked the gate for defense, others tore off all the clothes the nurse was wearing, knocked her down, some sat down and held down her hands, some held her back feet, and then they did their own thing, raped her, kissed her, bit her.It was forbidden to shoot at them, and no one tried to rescue her until they had let the defiled, weeping woman go. Boys' interest in women's bodies is generally developed very early, and in the cells of doll prisoners, this interest is even more intensified by vivid stories and boasting.So they don't miss the opportunity to vent.Please watch an episode.In the Krivoshekovo segregated area (No. 1 labor camp), four doll prisoners sat and chatted with Liuba, a young prisoner in the bookbinding workshop, in full view of the public.She vehemently contradicted them for something.Then the boys jumped up, grabbed her feet and lifted them high.She is in a helpless state: her hands are on the ground, her skirt is falling on her head.The boys held her like this, stroking her body with their free hands.Then put her down without being rude.Did she hit them?run from them?No, sit down and continue arguing as usual. This is already some doll prisoners who are about sixteen years old.This is--a mixed ghetto for adult offenders (there is a big work shed for 500 female prisoners in the area, where the friendship is done in the open, and the male prisoners go there like a man) . In the children's institution, the doll convicts work four hours and study for four hours (however, the whole of this study is sham).After being transferred to a labor camp for adult prisoners, they were given a ten-hour working day, but the labor quota was lower, and the ration standard was the same as that of adults.They came here when they were about sixteen years old, but the starvation and abnormal development in the labor camp and before the labor camp made them look like small and thin children at this age. , their intelligence, as well as their interests are lagging behind.Here, sometimes they are divided into separate work teams according to the type of work, and sometimes they are mixed with the elderly and disabled prisoners in one class.What they are asked to do here is "reduced physical labor", which is simply child labor in the camp. After the children's correctional home, the environment changed a lot.There is no longer the kind of child rations that caretakers covet - so caretakers are no longer the arch enemy.There appeared some old men on whom one could try one's strength.Women appeared in whom one's manhood could be tested.There are also some real real thieves, fat-headed labor camp commandos, who are willing to guide the doll prisoners' worldview and teach them how to steal.To learn from them - is tempting, not to learn - is impossible. To the liberal reader, the word "thief" may sound reproachful?Then he understands nothing!In the world of thieves, the word is pronounced like "knight" in aristocratic circles, even respectful, like a sacred word, not aloud.When will he become a well-deserved thief in the future--this is what the doll prisoners dream of, and this is the direction of their spontaneous efforts.Even the most independent of them--the young man thinking about life--could not have found a more certain fate. Once, at the Ivanovo deportation station, I slept in the doll prisoner's cell.Lying next to me on the bunk was a skinny boy over fifteen years old, who seemed to be called Slava.I felt that he performed all the rituals of the doll prisoner with a little reluctance, as if he was beyond his age or tired.I thought: This boy has not been ruined yet, he has more brains, and he will leave them soon.Let's chat.He is from Kyiv, one of his parents is dead, one threw him.Before the war, at the age of nine, Slava started stealing, "when our side came", and after the war, he also stole, carrying a fifteen-year-old child A wistful, brooding smile that came too early told me that he still intended to steal for a living in the future.He explained very passionately: "As a worker, you can't earn anything but bread and water. My childhood was not good, and I wanted to live a good life." I would like to add to understand the two years he avoided-- Two years after Kyiv was occupied, he asked, "What did you do when the Germans occupied it?" He shook his head and said, "I worked during the German occupation. How could I steal under the Germans' rule? They'll shoot you on the spot." In the labor camps for adult prisoners, the baby inmates still retained the main characteristics of their behavior-concerted attack and concerted retaliation.This makes them powerful and free from all kinds of limitations.In their consciousness, there is no forbidden boundary between what is permissible and what is not, and there is no concept of good or evil.For them, whatever they want is good, and whatever gets in their way is bad.They developed an impudent manner because it was the most favorable form of conduct in the camp.Pretense and cunning serve them well where force cannot prevail.A baby prisoner can pretend to be like a boy in an icon painting, and move you to tears while his companions empty your pockets behind your back.They're a bunch of vengeful little guys who can take revenge on anyone--no one will help the victim so as not to be entangled with this gang of little robbers.The goal was achieved - the opponents were separated, and the doll prisoners rushed to deal with one in a group.Then they are invincible!There are so many of them swooping on you at once that you don't have time to detect them, distinguish them, remember them.You are scrambled and overwhelmed. Suzy narrates several scenes from the Krivoshekino 2nd (punishment) penitentiary of the Novosibirsk labor camp.They live in a big dark earthen house (capacity for 500 people) that is one and a half meters deep underground.The officers did not interfere with life in the ghetto (no banners, no lectures).Burglars and doll criminals reign supreme.Almost no work.The food also adapts to it.Yet there is plenty of free time. Escorted by the work team members, the bread box was lifted out of the bakery.The doll prisoners pretended to fight in front of the box, pushing each other and knocking over the box.The work team members are busy picking bread from the ground.Of the twenty rations, they only had time to pick up fourteen. The juvenile delinquent who "fighted" has disappeared without a trace. The cafeteria in this labor camp is a temporary wooden house, which is not suitable for winter in Siberia.The rotten vegetable soup and rations were sent from the kitchen to the earthen house, and it was necessary to walk 150 meters in the cold open air.For the elderly, disabled prisoner, this is dangerous and strenuous work.The rations were deep in his bosom, and his frozen hands tightly grasped the cooking pot.Suddenly, three or four doll prisoners pounced frantically from the side.They knocked the old man down, six hands came up to search, and then ran away in a hurry.The rations were taken away, the rotten vegetable soup was poured out, and an empty pot was lying on the ground.The old man bent his knees and stood up (the other prisoners saw this situation - hurriedly avoided this dangerous place, and hurriedly took their rations back to the earthen house).The weaker the victim - the more brutal the doll prisoner.An old man who had become completely impotent was robbed of his rations; blatantly, directly from his hands.The old man cried and begged to give it back: "I'm going to starve to death!"--"You're going to die anyway, so what's the matter!" Go to the empty cold room to attack the disabled prisoner.A gang of petty thieves dragged the victim to the ground, sat on his hands, feet, and head, searched all his pockets, took Mahe cigarettes and money, and ran away. A tall, muscular Latvian, Martinsson, appeared in the quarantine area wearing British pilot's brown lace-up boots (the straps were fastened to the knees with small hooks).He didn't even take off his boots at night.He counts on his strength.But a group of doll prisoners took aim at his opportunity to lie down on the small stage in the cafeteria, and all at once rushed at him, and disappeared in an instant—the leather boots were gone!All the straps were cut and the boots were pulled off.Search?Where to find it!Immediately through the guards (!) the leather boots were sent outside the area and sold at a high price (why do the doll prisoners sell outside the area! Every time the labor camp leader takes pity on them when they are young and gives them slightly better shoes Or clothes, or mattress pads they robbed from the fifty-eight prisoners--in a few days, all these things were sold to outsiders for mahe cigarettes, and the doll prisoners were wearing tattered clothes shoes, sleeping on bare planks). A careless freelance employee leads a dog into the quarantine area, and if he doesn't pay attention in the blink of an eye - he can buy his dog's skin outside the camp in the evening: the dog is lured away in the blink of an eye, slaughtered Dropped, peeled, and baked. There is nothing better than stealing and robbing! --It can fill your stomach and make you happy.Young bodies need pure exercise and unprofitable entertainment and running.Give them hammers to break shell boxes, and they'll keep swinging them (even girls), hammering nails into anything they come across, into tables, into walls, into tree stumps.They wrestled with each other a lot,--not just to overturn the breadbox, they really wrestled on the bunks, and in the aisles, and chased.They run on people's legs, run on things, knock something over, dirty something, wake someone up, knock someone down, it's not necessary - they're playing! Any child plays like this, but ordinary children have parents after all (in our time - only "after all"), and some kind of discipline that stops them, influences them, punishes them, sends them somewhere else , -- all this is impossible in the labor camp.It's simply impossible to touch doll prisoners with life, human language is wireless to them, and their ears can't hear anything they don't need.The angry old people tried to stop them-the doll prisoners threw heavy things at the old people.What can't the doll prisoners have fun with? --grabbing a military plainclothes of the crippled man, playing a game of throwing and catching--forcing the old heads to run around like their peers.Did he get angry and walk away? --Then he will never see this civilian uniform again!They sold it outside the camp, and smoked it in exchange for cigarettes! (At this time they will come up to the old man with an innocent look: "Fuck you, old man! Come on, don't be angry. Why did you go away and don't catch him?") For adults, for fathers and grandfathers, these violent games played by the baby prisoners in the small place of the labor camp are more uncomfortable and more humiliating than their robbery, hunger and greed.This is one of the most provocative humiliations that can be imagined: to put the elderly on the same level as the naughty children, and if they are on the same level, that's all right—no, to be manipulated by the children. Baby criminals don't mean to do bad things, they don't mean to be insulting at all, they don't put on airs: they really don't treat anyone as a human being except themselves and the older burglars!That's how they saw the world in the first place -- and they still cling to that view.When they were off duty, they joined the ranks of adult prisoners who were weary, barely standing, dazed, or lost in memories.Baby inmates run the line upside down, not because they want to be the leader - it does no good, it's just for fun.They talked noisily, talked about Pushkin constantly ("Pushkin took it", "Pushkin ate it"), swearing at God, Christ and the Virgin, shouted all kinds of obscenities about sexuality, and did not avoid standing. Elderly women beside, let alone younger women.In the short period of time in the labor camp, they have achieved the highest freedom from society! --During the long roll call time in the camp, the doll prisoners chased each other, rushed into the crowd, pushed some on top of others ("Hey, redneck, why are you standing in the middle of the road?"), or circled around a person, Like running around a tree, you chase after me, and it is more convenient than turning around a tree, because you can use him to block yourself, you can pull him, shake him, and pull him in all directions. It is humiliating even in pleasant moments, but when a man's whole life is destroyed, thrown to perish in a remote labor camp pit, starvation death has spread over him, his eyes are black When it was time, -- it was even more impossible to sympathize with those teenagers with a high attitude of compassion, forgiving them that the game in such a bleak place was not their own invention.No, the old, tortured people shouted at them with resentment; "Little poisonous snakes, kill you all!" ""Worse beasts than fascists! ""It was really released to kill us! "(How much hate is put into these cries of the crippled man, if it kills people--it kills them already.) Yes! These fellows seem to be set out on purpose to kill us!--because No greater evil could have been conceived by the camp directors, no matter how hard they contemplated it (as in a successful chess game where all the moves suddenly coordinate themselves, giving the impression that they were conceived in advance. Yes, many of the good torture methods in our system work that way.) You'd think that's what the imp in Christian mythology should look like, not something else. Moreover, their chief game and their sign--their usual sign, sign of salute and menace--is the fork: the index and middle fingers spread apart in what resembles living horns.But they are not lowly, they pierce things, because they always reach for the eyes.This is inherited from grown-up thieves, and signifies a serious threat: "Bastard, goug your eyes out!" A pair of double-pronged forks are drawn out, and the fingers move straight towards the eyes, and they are about to poke them in!老人身于往后仰，他们还在他胸部稍稍一推，而他后面一个娃娃犯人已经紧靠着脚伏在地上--于是老人就在娃娃犯人愉快的哄笑声中啪嗒一声朝天跌倒，头碰在地上。他们永远不会扶他起来。他们不懂得自己做了什么坏事！ --这只不过是寻寻开心。你拿这些小鬼一点没有办法！老人艰难地撑起有病的身子，愤愤地低声说："要是有机枪--把他们统统打死也不可惜！" 老人U对他们恨之入骨。他说："他们反正是已经毁掉了的，长大起来对人们将是一场瘟疫。应当把他们悄悄地消灭掉！"他研究好了一个方法：偷偷抓住一个娃娃犯人，就把他翻倒在地上，用双膝压他的胸部，直到听得见肋骨的折裂声--但不结果他，到此就放走。U老头说，这样的娃娃犯人已经活不了多久，但什么医生都不会弄清是怎么回事。U老头就这样把几个娃娃犯人送到了阴世，直到他自己被打死。 仇恨产生仇恨！仇恨的黑水沿平面泛滥要比从沿着火山口朝上喷射冲向那些使老的和小的都遭受奴役的人要来得容易。 这些法西斯小顽固就这样由斯大林的法律、古拉格的教育和盗贼薰陶的共同行动培养了出来。再也不能想出使孩子丧失人性的更好方法了。再也不能更浓密更迅速地把劳改营的种种恶习打入未成熟的瘦窄的胸膛了。 甚至在可以毫不困难地使孩子的心灵软化的时候，劳改营的主人们也不许这样做：这不是他们教育的任务。一个男孩子请求从克里沃舍科沃第一劳改点转到他父亲服刑的第二劳改点去。没有允许（因为规章要求分开关押）！这个小男孩不得不藏在一只大木桶里被运到第二劳改点去，偷偷地住在父亲身边。他们以为他逃跑了，引起了一场慌乱，还用钉耙搅粪坑--莫非是淹死在那里了？ 万事只是开头难。沃洛佳?斯涅吉廖夫刚十五岁进监牢的时候还有点不习惯。后来他得了六个刑期，加起来几乎有一世纪（两次各二十五年），在强管棚和禁闭室过了一百天（年轻的肺得了结核病），七年是在全苏联的通缉之下度过的。后来他就在牢靠的盗贼道路上安身过活了（现在是失去一只肺叶和五根肋骨的二等残废）。--维佳?科普佳耶夫从十二岁起就不断地坐牢。被判了十四次，其中九次是因为逃跑。"在狱外我还没有过过一天合法的日子。"--尤拉?叶尔莫洛夫获释后找到了工作，但他被辞退了--因为录用复员军人更为重要。他不得不会作"巡回演出"。 因而又得到了新的刑期。 斯大林的惩治娃娃犯人的不朽法律存在了二十年（直到一九 五四年四月二十四日颁布了较缓和的法令为止。这个法令释放了 已服满三分之一以上刑期的娃娃犯人--可是这是第一个刑期的三分之一，如果有十四个刑期呢？）。他们收割了二十次。他们使 得二十年内的符合刑事责任年龄的少年陷入了犯罪和腐化的歧 途。 有谁敢于使"伟大的泰斗"的生前形象蒙上阴影呢？ 有这样一些行动敏捷的儿童，他们很早就已经把五十八条搞到手了。例如，格利?帕夫洛夫十二岁就得到了它（从一九四三到一九四九年在扎科夫斯克教养院服刑）。对于五十八条根本不存在任何年龄上的最低限度。甚至在通俗的法律讲座中（塔林，一九四五年）也这样说的。乌斯马博士知道有一个六岁的小男孩按五十八条进了教养院--这显然是创纪录了！ 有时，为了面子上好看起见，把关押孩子的时间推迟，但认 准了的反正还是要抓的。我拉?英奇克，一个打扫屋子女工的女儿，与其他两个小姑娘一起（都是十四岁，叶依斯克，一九三二 年），听说在清算富农时把幼儿扔掉不管让他们死掉，决定（"像从前的革命者那样"）表示抗议。她们用自己的笔迹把事情写在从学校练习本撕下来的纸上，并在集市上张贴，期望立即引起普遍 的愤慨。医生的女儿好像当即就被关进监狱。打扫屋子女工的女儿则只是在什么机关里挂了号。一九三七年到了--就在"为波兰当间谍"的罪名下把她逮捕。 在这章里不提一下那些因自己父母被捕而成为孤儿的儿童，再在哪里去提呢？ 霍斯塔附近的宗教公社里那些妇女的子女还算是幸福的。当局在一九二九年把母亲们送往索洛维茨的时候，却心慈手软地让她们的子女留在家里照管家务。儿童们自己侍弄花园、菜园子，挤羊奶，在学校里勤奋地学习，把成绩单寄给在索洛维茨的父母，并保证要像他们的母亲那样为上帝受苦（不用说，党很快就给了他们这种机会）。 根据关于将子女和父母"分开"流放的指令--早在二十年代就有多少这类娃娃犯人（请记住那个百分之四十八）？有谁能告诉我们他们的遭遇？ ... 以加莉娅?维涅基克托娃为例。她的父亲是彼得格勒的印刷工人，无政府主义者，母亲是从波兰来的女裁缝。加莉姐很清楚地记得自己的第六个生日（一九三三年），他们快乐地庆祝了生日。第二天早晨她醒来--父亲、母亲都不见了，一个陌生的军人在书堆里乱翻。诚然，一个月以后把母亲送还给她了：流放到托波尔斯克去的时候，妇女和儿童是自由地去的，只有男人是押解去的。他们全家住在那里，但没有住满三年期限：母亲又被抓了起来，父亲则被枪决了。过了一个月，母亲死于狱中。加莉娜被放进托波尔斯克近郊修道院的保育院。那里的习俗使小姑娘们经常处于遭受强暴的恐惧中。后来她转到了市保育院。院长暗示她"你们是人民公敌的子女，可是还有人给你们饭吃，给你们衣穿！"（这个无产阶级专政人道到了什么程度呀！加莉娜成了一只小狼。在十一岁的时候，她已经受到了自己的第一次政治审讯。--从那时候起，她就有了一张"十元券"，然而并没有全部服满。年纪快到四十，仍是独身，住在北极圈里，她写道："我的生命从父亲被捕的时候起就已结束。我直到现在都是那么爱他，甚至怕去想这件事。那是另一个世界，我的心灵充满着对它的热爱……" 斯维特兰娜?谢多娃也回忆说："我永远不会忘记那一天，他们把我家的所有东西都搬到街上，把我放在这些东西上，当时正下着大雨。从六岁起我就成了叛国犯的女儿--在生活中再也没有比这更可怕的事了。" 他们被送进内务人民委员部的收容所，送进特种保育院。大多数人都改名换姓，特别是那些名气大的。（尤拉?布哈林只是在一九五六年才知道自己的真姓。但切博塔廖夫好像名气并不大，为什么也改了姓？）子女长大起来完全清除了父母的污垢变得干干净净的。罗莎?科瓦奇出生于美国费城，小孩子的时候就被共产党员父亲带到了这里，从内务人民委员部的收容所出来后，在战争时期落入了德国的美占区--她什么遭遇没有经历过呀I--那又怎样呢？还是回到了苏维埃祖国去领取自己的二十五年。 甚至浮光掠影的一瞥就可察觉这个特点：儿童也得坐牢，轮到自己的时候，他们也得出发到群岛的天堂乐园去，有时是与父母一起去。请看八年级学生尼娜?彼列古德的遭遇。在二九四一年十一月，来了一些人逮捕她的父亲。进行搜查。尼娜突然想起，她写的一首顺口溜虽已揉成一团扔在炉子里，但还没有烧掉。本来就这样让它放在那里算了，但尼娜由于心慌意乱决定当即把它撕掉。她爬进炉膛，这时正在打瞌睡的民警就把她抓住了。于是，用小学生笔迹写下的骇人听闻的大逆不道思想就出现在契卡人员面前： 天上星星闪亮光， 亮光照在草地上， 我们丢了斯摩梭斯克， 莫斯科的日子也不长。她还表达了愿望： 把那学校给炸掉， 我们懒得上学了。 当然，这些在唐波夫大后方拯救祖国的成年男子汉，这些具有热烈的心肠和干净的双手的骑士，应当去消除这个致命的危险。尼娜被捕了。她从六年级开始写起的日记本和一张反革命照片：被拆毁的瓦尔瓦拉教堂，都被抄去进行侦查。热心肠的骑士追问："你爸爸平时说些什么话？"尼娜只是大声号哭。判了她五年劳改附加剥夺权利三年（虽然她还不可能被剥夺权利：她还没有权利）。 在劳改营里当然把她同父亲分开了。一枝白色的丁香就使她柔肠寸断：女友们这时正在考试呀！就像行动人员设计的那样，尼娜作为一个因想到"卓娅?科斯莫杰米扬斯卡娅和我同岁，可是人家做出了什么事，而我却多么可恶"而决心改过自新的女罪犯，内心感到极大痛苦。行动人员趁此加强压力："但你还能赶上她！帮我们作事吧！" 哦，年轻心灵的腐蚀者！你们将多么顺利地过完你们这一辈子！你们在哪里也不必满脸羞惭浑身发僵地站起来承认，你们往人们的心灵上浇了多少脏水！ 卓娅?列会娃却胜过了自己的全家。Here's the thing.她的父亲、母亲、祖父母和年少的哥哥们--因为信仰上帝被东一个西一个地关在远方的劳改营里。卓娅还只有十岁。她被送进保育院（伊凡诺沃省）。她在那里宣布，她永远也不会把母亲临别时给她系上的十字架从脖子上取下来。为了不致在睡着时被取走，她把带子结得更紧。斗争进行了很长时间，卓娅发了狠心说：你们可以把我捐掐死，从死人身上摘下来吧！因为她不接受教育，便把她送进了残疾儿童保育院！这里收有一些渣滓，比本章中描写的娃娃犯人还要坏的孩子。为十字架的斗争继续进行着。卓娅顶住了一切；她在这里既没有学会偷窃，也没有学会说下流话。 "像我母亲那样圣洁的女人，女儿不可能是刑事犯。我宁可像全家那样成为一个政治犯。" 于是，她就成了一个政治犯。教育员们和广播越是颂扬斯大林，她就越确信不疑地看出他就是造成种种不幸的罪魁祸首。她没有被刑事犯们拉过去，现在反而把他们吸引到自己这边来。院子里有一座斯大林的石膏标准塑像。塑像上开始出现一些嘲讽的和难听的题字（娃娃犯人喜欢活动！--重要的只是怎样正确地引导他们）。行政当局每次都把石膏像重新粉刷一层，派人暗中监视，并报告了国家安全部。可是题字依然出现，孩子们哈哈大笑。最后，在一天早晨，发现塑像的头被打了下来，翻倒过来，在里面的空洞里拉上了屎。 恐怖行动！国家安全人员来了。开始依照他们的全套规矩进行审问和威胁："把恐怖分子集团交出来，否则按恐怖行动论罪统统枪毙！"（没有什么可奇怪的，枪毙掉一百五十来个孩子算个什么！要是他老人为知道了，就会亲自下命令的。） 不知道娃娃犯人们会沉住气还是会动摇，但卓娅?列舍娃声明： "这都是我一个人做的！老爷子的脑袋还能派别的用场吗？" 她被判了刑。一本正经地判了极刑。但是，由于那个恢复死刑的法律（一九五O年）不可容忍地人道，枪毙十四岁的孩子好像是不许可的。因此就给了她十年（真奇怪，为什么不是二十五年）。十八岁以前她呆在普通劳改营里，从十八岁起--在特种营里。因为生性直率和嘴上不饶人，她又得了第二个劳改刑期，并且好像还有第三个。 卓娅的父母和哥哥都已经获释了，而卓娅却依然坐在牢里。 我们的信教自由万岁！ 儿童们--共产主义的主人翁们万岁！ 有哪个国家敢说它像我国这样热爱自己的孩子！