Chapter 228 Four cracks under the foundation

In the early years of the reign of Louis Philippe, the sky was covered with dismal clouds many times, and the story we narrate is about to enter the depths of the dark clouds at that time. This book must explain the king without ambiguity. . Louis-Philippe seized the royal power not through his own direct actions, nor through the use of violence, but because of a change in the nature of the revolution, which was obviously far from the real purpose of that revolution, but, as the Duke of Orleans He has no active effort in it.He was born a prince and felt confident that he had been chosen to be king.He never added this title to himself, he did not fight for it at all, it was sent to him by others, and he accepted it; he was convinced, of course wrong, but he was convinced that conferring was based on human rights, and acceptance was based on obligation.Therefore, his enjoyment of the country is well-intentioned.We also say with all sincerity that Louis-Philippe enjoyed the country out of good intentions, and that the attacks of democracy were also motivated by good intentions, and that the little terror caused by various social struggles cannot be blamed on the king or on democracy. .The conflict between isms is like the conflict between substances.The sea guards the water, the wind the air, the king guards the kingship, and democracy the people; the opposite resists the right, that is, the monarchy resists the republic; society often bleeds in such conflicts, but what it suffers today will be its future and, in any case, those who struggle are here without the slightest reproach; One foot on the republic, one foot on the monarchy; they are inseparable, they can only stand on one side; but the wrong man is well wrong, and the blind are no more sinners than the Vendée are bandits .We can only attribute these violent conflicts to the necessity of things.Whatever the nature of these storms, man cannot be held responsible.

Let's finish this narrative. The government of 1830 immediately faced a difficult life.It was born yesterday, and it has to fight today. The state apparatus in July has just been set up, and the assembly is still very weak, and it is already felt that there are hidden forces holding back everywhere. Resistance appears the next day, maybe the day before. The opposing forces grew stronger month by month, and the secret fight turned into an open one. The July Revolution, as we have said, was not welcomed by the princes abroad in France, and met with various interpretations at home. God's manifest intentions are revealed to men through events that are an obscure book.People take it and explain it right away, hastily and incorrectly, full of errors, loopholes, and antonyms.Few understand the language of God.The wisest, calmest, and deepest people analyze it slowly, but when they bring out the translation, the matter is already a foregone conclusion, and there are already twenty translations in the public square.Every translation creates a party, every antonym a faction, and each party thinks it has the only correct translation, and each faction thinks the light is on its side.

Those in power often come into their own. There are often people who swim against the current in revolutions, and these people belong to the old party. The old party thought that by the grace of God, it had the right of inheritance. They believed that the revolution was born of the right to rebel, and they also had the right to rebel against the revolution.wrong.For it is not the people who revolt in a revolution, but the king.Revolution is precisely the opposite of rebellion.Any revolutionist is a normal cause, which has its own legitimacy, and is sometimes stained by fake revolutionaries, but, despite being stained, it still has to persevere, and it has to survive despite being covered in blood.Revolutions are not produced by accident, but by necessity.A revolution is to discard the false and preserve the true.It happened because it had to happen.

The old Legitimists also attacked the Revolution of 1830 with all the vehemence of their false understandings.Misconceptions are often excellent shells.It skillfully struck at the heart of that revolution, at the weak point of its armor, at its lack of logic, and Legitimists seized on the question of kingship to attack that revolution.They shouted: "Revolution, why do you want this king?" Blind men can really aim. This kind of roar is also often made by republicans.But coming from them, the roar was logical.This statement is nonsense when it comes from the mouths of the orthodox, but it is insightful when it comes from the mouths of the democrats.1830 bankrupted the people.Angry democrats want to blame it.

The July regime struggles between attacks from the past and from the future.It represents the moment between centuries of monarchy and eternal human rights. Moreover, externally, since 1830 was no longer a revolution but a monarchy, it had to follow Europe.To keep the peace, the problem is more complicated.It is often more difficult to go against the trend and seek peace in reverse than to fight war.Out of this often-suffering Cold War arose armed peace—a method of ruining the people that civilization itself could not trust.Resignedly, the July Dynasty was kicking and kicking like a fierce horse between the yokes of the European cabinets.Metternich was determined to rein in.The July Monarchy was impelled by progressive forces in France, and in Europe by those monarchies, that slow-moving beast.It is dragged, and it drags people.

At the same time, at home, there are a whole host of problems in society: poverty, the proletariat, wages, education, punishment, prostitution, the fate of women, wealth, hunger, production, consumption, distribution, exchange, currency, credit, the rights of capital , labor rights, etc., are in jeopardy. Outside of the real parties, another dynamic has emerged.Corresponding to the brewing of democracy is the brewing of philosophy.Both the elite and the general public are confused, and the circumstances are different, but the same is confused. There are thinkers who think, while the soil, that is to say, the mass of the people, is struck by the revolutionary tide, and beneath them is shaken by a nameless epilepsy.These thinkers, some working alone, some in factions, and almost in groups, revealed social problems calmly and deeply; these stoic and indifferent underground workers dug their tunnels quietly into the depths of the volcano. It is hardly shaken by the underlying vibrations and the faintly discernible flames.

That calm was not the least beautiful sight of those troubled times. Those people leave all questions of rights to political parties, and they devote themselves to the question of happiness. People's welfare, this is what they want to extract from society. They raised material questions, questions of agriculture, industry, commerce, etc., to a status almost as high as religion.The constitution of civilization, less of God, more of man, in which interests are united, pooled, mingled with one another according to a certain dynamical law, constitutes a truly solid rock, which has been determined by those who Economists—political geologists—have patiently studied them.

They are trying to break through this rock, so that the source of the supreme happiness of mankind will spew out from there. These people, gathered under different names, but they can all be called socialists by the generic name. Their projects included everything from the problem of the guillotine to the problem of war.To the human rights proclaimed by the French Revolution, they added the rights of women and the rights of children. This is not surprising, since for various reasons we cannot here give a theoretical exhaustive treatment of the various problems posed by socialism, but we will only touch upon them briefly.

The whole problem to be solved by the socialists, leaving aside all the fantasies, dreams and mysticism of the theory of the formation of the universe, can be summed up in two main problems: first question: produce wealth. second question: distribute wealth. The first issue includes labor issues. The second involves wage issues. The first issue concerns the use of labour. The second concerns the rationing of enjoyment. The rights of the masses arise from the rational use of labour. Individual happiness arises from a rational ration of enjoyment. The so-called reasonable rationing is not an average rationing, but a fair rationing.The first and foremost equality is justice.

Combining these two things, the power of the masses without, and the happiness of the individual within, produces the prosperity of society. Prosperity in society means happy people, free citizens, strong nations. Britain solved the first of these two problems.It creates wealth brilliantly!But misallocated.This solution which accomplishes only one aspect necessarily leads it to two extremes: hideous luxury and hideous misery.All enjoyment goes to a few, all poverty goes to the rest, that is, to the people; privileges, exceptions, monopolies, feudalism all arise from labour.It is a false and dangerous situation to base the rights of the masses on private misery, and to build national strength on individual misery.It is a poorly organized power, in which there are only material elements and no spiritual elements.

Communism and land laws thought they would solve the second problem.They got it wrong.Their distribution stifles production.The average award cancels the competition.Labor is thus also abolished.This is the kind of butcher-style distribution method that kills first and divides later.Therefore, it is impossible to stop at this self-righteous approach.Killing wealth is not distributing wealth. These two problems must be solved together in order to be properly resolved.Both problems must be solved together as one. Solve only the first of these two problems, and you will be Venice, and you will be England.You will have but a false greatness, like Venice, or a material greatness, like England, and you will be a bully.You shall perish before violence, as in the last days of Venice, or in bankruptcy, as in the future of England.And the world will let you die, let you fall, because the world always makes you fall and die that which is self-interested, and which does not represent a virtue or an idea for mankind. Of course, when we mention Venice and England here, we do not refer to those peoples, but to the social structures, to the oligarchy over those peoples, not to the peoples themselves.For those ethnic groups, we have always respected and sympathized with them.The Venetian nation shall be regenerated, the English nobility shall be overthrown, but the English nation shall be immortal.Having said that, let's continue talking. Solve those two problems, encourage the rich, protect the poor, eradicate poverty, stop the unreasonable exploitation of the weak by the strong, and stop the unjust jealousy of those who walk the road for those who have achieved their goals, Accurately and fraternally adjusting the remuneration of labor, implementing free and compulsory education in conjunction with the growth of children, and making science the basis of life for adults, developing people's intellect while using physical strength, let us become a powerful people, Also be a member of a happy family, democratize property, not abolish it, but popularize it, make every citizen, without exception, a property owner, it is not so difficult as people think, in a word , You must know how to produce wealth and distribute wealth, so that you can be both materially strong and spiritually strong, so that you are qualified to call yourself France. This is what socialism, unlike and above certain lost sects, says, this is what it seeks in practical things, and this is what it designs in ideals. Valuable perseverance!Holy intent! These doctrines, these theories, these resistances, that unexpected need which statesmen and philosophers must confront together, some scattered and looming arguments, a kind of which is yet to be initiated which will reconcile the old society without going too far against it. A new policy of revolutionary ideals, a situation which had to use Lafayette to protect Polignac, a premonition of the progressive forces evidently reflected in the insurrection, parliament and the street, those rivalries to be balanced which took place around him , his belief in the revolution, the vague acceptance, perhaps, of a temporary retreat from formal and sublime rights, his will to value his blood, his family values, his sincere respect for the people, his own Loyalty, all this, often made Louis-Philippe restless, almost tormented, and sometimes, in spite of all his strength and courage, discouraged him before the difficulties of being king. He felt a terrible division beneath his feet, but not disintegration, for France was more French than ever. Haze covers the sky.A strange black shadow moved closer and closer, and slowly spread out over people, things, and ideas. It was the shadow of various hatreds and factions.Everything that was suddenly blocked was moving and brewing again.Sometimes the honest man's conscience could not but gasp in that uneasy atmosphere of sophistry and truth.People's moods are like leaves that are about to fall in a storm, trembling in a troubled society.The voltage is so strong that there is often a sudden flash of an unknown stranger at some point.Then it was dark and yellow again.Occasionally, there are a few muffled thunder roaring faintly in the distance, making people aware of the electricity stored in the clouds. Barely twenty months after the July Revolution, 1832 began in an atmosphere of urgency.The misery of the people, the laboring people without bread, the untimely death of the last Prince of Condé, the example of Paris, which expelled the Bourbons, and Brussels, which expelled the Nassau, Belgium, which voluntarily surrendered to a French prince and was finally handed over to an English prince, Nigeria. Gula's hatred of Russia, the two devils of the south who stand behind us Ferdinand of Spain and Miguel of Portugal, the earthquake in Italy, reaching out to Metternich in Bologna, hard-handed against France in Austria in Ancona, From the north came the sound of the hammer that nailed Poland into the coffin, the sound of the hammer that nailed Poland into the coffin, the angry eyes of all Europe on France, England, the unreliable ally who was ready to take advantage of the fire and make trouble, hid behind Beccaria and refused The House of Peers who handed over four heads to the law, the lilies scraped from the king's chariot, the cross plucked from Notre-Dame, the deified Lafayette, the bankrupt Lafitte, the banjaman who died in poverty Constant, Casimir Perrier, who died of exhaustion, in the two metropolises of the kingdom--a city of thought, a city of labor--political and social disease at the same time, Paris's The civil rights war, the slave wars at Lyon, the same fire in two cities, the purple light like a volcanic eruption on the foreheads of the people, the violent South, the turbulent West, the Duc de Berry in the Vendée Ladies, intrigues, subversion, riots, cholera, these add to the strife of ideas the turmoil of events.