Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Where does the power belong

In 1943, the world anti-fascist war turned into a counter-offensive stage. Mussolini in Italy had already surrendered. Hitler of Nazi Germany also realized that the doomsday was coming. China and Britain held a meeting to discuss how to force Japan to surrender as soon as possible and end the war.Roosevelt contacted Stalin in the Soviet Union, Churchill in the United Kingdom, and Chiang Kai-shek in China. Let's make an appointment and find a place for a meeting.Churchill said yes, no problem; as for Stalin, he believed that China was not yet a powerful country. In addition, he might have some personal opinions on Chiang Kai-shek at that time, so he never responded; he then informed Chiang Kai-shek that the time was November 9, 1943. Roosevelt called Chiang Kai-shek. It is hoped that he will arrive in Cairo for a meeting on November 22.Chiang Kai-shek asked who was there?Roosevelt told him who was there. When Chiang Kai-shek heard that Stalin had been invited, he also said, "Since Japan and the Soviet Union have not declared war, I suspect that it would be inconvenient for China and the Soviet Union to sit together."Roosevelt was in a dilemma. Since it is inconvenient for them to meet now, who should come and who should not come?Of course Roosevelt hoped that all of them would come, especially China. We will talk about the reasons for this later.He said otherwise, the meeting of our four giants will be divided into two meetings. First, the summit meeting of the United States, Britain, and China will be held in Cairo, and then the meeting of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union will be held in Tehran, Iran.In this way, on the morning of November 18, more than 20 people, including Chiang Kai-shek, Soong Meiling and his wife, Wang Chonghui, secretary-general of the Supreme National Defense Committee, Stilwell and Chennault, the US military generals in China, took two planes from Chongqing Baishiyi Military Airport to Cairo, Egypt. .

Roosevelt insisted on inviting China to participate this time.Throughout the war, on the opposite side of the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan, there have always been only the "three major powers", that is, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain, and there is no concept of the "big four".It is very important for China to be able to participate in this meeting.So, why did the United States forcefully invite China to participate this time?Its national interests determine its foreign policy. In 1943, the situation of the world anti-fascist war was being reversed. The United States and the United Kingdom began to consider the issue of shifting the focus of the war to Southeast Asia and East Asia after the collapse of Nazi Germany. Therefore, the importance of China was highlighted unprecedentedly.In addition, the United States strongly invited China to participate and supported China to become one of the "Four Powers". It also had a longer-term goal, which was to consider how to use China to contain the Soviet Union and Japan after the war.The United States is thinking about its military presence in the Pacific after the war, while China is also striving for its own international status, so the interests of the two are combined.Now that we have found common interests, let's sit down and talk.

China, the United States, and Britain held the Cairo Conference between November 22-26, 1943. There were many topics discussed at the meeting, including the Ryukyu issue we talked about. On the night of November 23, 1943, Chiang Kai-shek brought Wang Chonghui to a private meeting with Roosevelt.When talking about depriving Japan of the islands it occupied in the Pacific Ocean, Roosevelt said to Chiang Kai-shek: "Ryukyu is an arc archipelago composed of many islands. Japan used improper means to snatch the islands and should also be deprived. I consider Ryukyu in Geographically, it is very close to your country and has a very close relationship with your country in history. If your country wants to obtain the Ryukyu Islands, you can hand them over to your country for management."

Regarding the suggestion of returning Ryukyu to China, Chiang Kai-shek thought for a long time, and reluctantly replied: "I think it is better for the islands to be jointly managed by China and the United States." The Ryukyu question is not prepared, so that I don't know how to answer it.In fact, Chiang Kai-shek had considered the Ryukyu issue carefully before going to Cairo. He did not respond passively, but went prepared.Yan Congjian: "Dongyi Ryukyu Kingdom" Volume 4 of "Zhou Zilu of Special Domain".This is recorded in "Chiang Kai-shek's Diary". "Chiang Kai-shek's Diary" is now preserved in the Hoover Institution of Stanford University in the United States.This is a huge institute, founded in 1919 by Herbert Hoover of Stanford University.Who is this Herbert Hoover?He is the 31st President of the United States. "Chiang Kai-shek's Diary" was entrusted by the Chiang family to the institute. The diary began in 1917 and ended in 1972.Chiang Kai-shek has the habit of insisting on keeping a diary. This diary records the relevant matters of the Cairo Conference at that time, including the Ryukyu issue.We said that Chiang Kai-shek and his party left by plane on November 18, and he had been preparing materials for the Cairo meeting before leaving. On Saturday, November 13, he mentioned in his diary some preparations for the talks with Roosevelt and Churchill. He made two reminders:

First, This meeting with Luo and Qiu was based on the spirit of seeking nothing and doing nothing. We exchanged various opinions on military, politics, and economics with them openly and honestly, and it is almost impossible not to have any gains or losses. second, Discuss three things with Luo.1. Japan should hand over several tons of warships and several tons of merchant ships to China; 2. All Japanese public and private industries in China (the areas it has occupied since September 18th) should be fully accepted by the Chinese government; 3. War After the cessation, most of Japan’s remaining ordnance, warships, merchant ships, and aircraft should be handed over to China; 4. The Hong Kong-Kowloon issue should be returned to China as a free port; The committee studies the organization of international armed forces; 7. The organization of the Sino-US-British Joint Staff Group.

The second item in his passage says that Japan must return the areas it has occupied since "September 18", so Ryukyu is before "September 18". Therefore, on November 13th, he did not Consider the Ryukyu issue.But two days later, on November 15, three days before his departure, the Ryukyu issue was mentioned for the first time in Chiang Kai-shek's diary.Recorded in the diary: Ryukyu and Taiwan have different historical status in our country. Ryukyu is a kingdom and its status is equal to that of North Korea. Therefore, I decided not to mention the issue of Ryukyu in this proposal, and I should raise the issue of Siam's independence.Note one, it is advisable not to talk to Churchill except issues that have a common relationship with China, the United States and Britain.If the United States talks about the Hong Kong-Kowloon issue, the Tibet issue, and the treatment of overseas Chinese, it will respond to it according to established principles, but will not dispute it.

The diary on this day said that Ryukyu is not the same as the Taiwan and Tibet issues, it has the same status as North Korea, so I decided not to mention the Ryukyu issue in the proposal for this meeting, but I have to raise the issue of Siam’s independence.This is strange, since he didn't want to mention the Ryukyu issue, why did he write it in his diary?This is because although he did not consider the Ryukyu issue at first, someone in his staff thought about the Ryukyu issue.There is a document called "Draft of Questions to be Raised by Chairman Jiang at the Cairo Conference Submitted by the Military Committee's Counselor's Office", which is the draft meeting materials provided to Chiang by his staff before he went to the meeting.The leader is going to a meeting, and the subordinate has to prepare meeting materials.Article 6 of this material mentioned the Ryukyu issue:

6. Japan should return the following to China: A, Lushun, Dalian (the public property and construction of the two places are handed over to China without compensation); B, the South Manchurian Railway and the Middle East Railway (to be returned to China without compensation); C, Taiwan and Penghu Islands (all public property and construction of the two places were handed over to China without compensation); Ding and Ryukyu Islands (either under international management or demarcated as a demilitarized area). It said that the Ryukyu Islands should be placed under international management or classified as a demilitarized area. Anyway, this subordinate suggested that Chiang Kai-shek mention Ryukyu during the meeting, but the subordinate could not decide the leadership, so Chiang Kai-shek said in his diary that he still did not mention it.In this way, Chiang Kai-shek did not mention Ryukyu again when considering the talks plan.In the diary on November 17, it was recorded as follows:

This meeting with Luo and Qiu should focus on the biggest problem.A. International political organization; B. Organization of the Far East Committee; C. Organization of the Sino-British-American Joint Staff Group; D. Management plan for occupied territories; . On November 17, the day before he left for Cairo, he said that the meeting would still focus on major issues, such as international political organizations, Far East Committee organizations, etc., but Ryukyu was not mentioned.With such a resolution in hand, Chiang Kai-shek and his party flew to Cairo on the 18th, and there was a question and answer between Luo and Jiang when Roosevelt proposed to return Ryukyu to China.And this question and answer is also recorded in detail in Chiang Kai-shek's diary, and the time is November 23, 1943.

At 7:30, President Luo's banquet was held until 11:00 in the middle of the night. The talk was not over yet, and we agreed to continue the talk tomorrow. The main points of the talk tonight are: 1. Japan's future state system; 2. Communism and empire Focusing on the issue of communism in Russia, Yu even praised Luo's policy towards Russian communism, which can also be used successfully to liberate the oppressed human beings in the world, so that the United States can repay the contribution of the United States to the world war this time; The province, Taiwan, and the Penghu Islands should all be returned to China.However, Ryukyu can be entrusted by international organizations to be jointly managed by China and the United States.This was proposed by Yu. First, the heart of the United States should be reassured; second, Ryukyu belonged to Japan before the Sino-Japanese War; Sixth, the issue of Russia's participation in the war against Japan; Seventh, the issue of Korean independence, Yu paid special attention to attracting Luo's attention and asked him to sponsor Yu's proposition; Eighth, the Sino-US joint staff meeting; Later, China and the United States supported its independence and asked Britain to agree to it; tenth, after Japan surrendered, the issue of monitoring its three-island coalition forces.Yu Shou said that this should be hosted by the United States, and China can send troops to assist if necessary, but he insisted that China should be the main body, which has a deep meaning.Yu also didn't make it clear whether he could or not.That's all for tonight's talk.

In this day's diary, Chiang Kai-shek reviewed the detailed process of his talks with Roosevelt and his detailed personal considerations.Let’s just say that I met with Roosevelt today to discuss. When talking about the Ryukyu issue, I suggested that Ryukyu could be entrusted by an international organization to China and the United States.Why do you say that?There are three reasons: first, to reassure the heart of the United States; second, because Ryukyu belonged to Japan before the Sino-Japanese War;It is mentioned here that in order to reassure the hearts of the United States, Chiang Kai-shek worried that the proposal to return Ryukyu to China along with Taiwan and the Penghu Islands would cause anxiety in the United States. Maybe he thought, is the United States taking the initiative to return Ryukyu to test us?Are they sincere?What is their motive?I can't state my position unclearly, and I have to test their purpose.In this way, the two sides test each other. On the 25th after the third day of the Cairo meeting, Roosevelt held talks with Chiang Kai-shek again. Roosevelt mentioned the Ryukyu Islands again and suggested again: I have repeatedly considered that the Ryukyu Islands are located in the northeast of Taiwan, facing the Pacific Ocean. They are your eastern barrier and their strategic position is extremely important.You have obtained Taiwan. If you do not obtain Ryukyu, Taiwan will not be safe. More importantly, this island cannot be occupied by the aggressive Japan for a long time.Is it handed over to your jurisdiction together with Taiwan and the Penghu Islands? According to records, when Chiang Kai-shek heard that Roosevelt once again suggested that Ryukyu be handed over to China, he still hesitated and remained silent for a long time.Roosevelt thought that Jiang hadn't heard him clearly, and said clearly again: "Does your country want Ryukyu? If you want, the Ryukyu Islands will be handed over to your country after the war is over." Jiang hesitated before answering: "The Ryukyu Islands The problem is more complicated, and I still have the same opinion, and it is better for China and the United States to manage it together.” Chiang Kai-shek’s answer surprised Roosevelt, and he never mentioned the Ryukyu issue again.In this way, when it was mentioned that Japan should return the territory to China in the "Cairo Declaration" published later, it only said that "Japan stole China's territory, such as Manchuria (that is, the Northeast), Taiwan, and the Penghu Islands, etc.", and did not explicitly mention Ryukyu islands.So, why did Chiang Kai-shek reject Ryukyu again? One of them may be to please the United States. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek is only following the lead of the United States. Chiang Kai-shek has long realized that the status of Ryukyu is different from that of Taiwan. During the talks, he also realized that the United States has long-term plans for the post-war arrangements in this region, especially its military presence in the Pacific Ocean. Regarding the Soviet Union, judging from Chiang's attitude towards communism and the Soviet Union, he was obviously prepared to actively cooperate with the US arrangement.In addition, during the talks, Roosevelt also proposed that China should play a major role in the military occupation of Japan. Chiang Kai-shek said that China was not capable enough to undertake this responsibility, and China was willing to participate in the action under the leadership of the United States. This also shows Chiang's attitude towards the United States.Another reason is: Jiang has always had a fear of Japan in his heart. He is afraid that Ryukyu will be returned to China, and China and Japan will have new grievances.This can be said to be in line with Chiang's policy of "repaying grievances with virtue" towards Japan after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. President Roosevelt proposed that China should participate in all decisions of this mechanism as one of the four major powers (the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and China); leaving lasting consequences for international relations. (Original text of the Chinese archives: "As for the state system of other countries, it is best to let the newly enlightened Japanese to solve it themselves.") "It is really not the best policy to ask a country's state system because of the victory of the war. Moreover, Japan's emperor system was in the Its national spiritual structure has its own status, and Westerners may not know it, but the Chinese who are also Easterners understand it better.” Chiang Kai-shek's failure to adopt Roosevelt's suggestion was really a bad idea.After the incident, Wang Chonghui said to Chiang Kai-shek: "The strategic location of the Ryukyu Islands is very important. If we consider it from a military point of view, we should have it." It is our vassal country above, and it is unreasonable for Japan to argue. Besides, Japan is a defeated country, so what can we do even if we argue?" Hearing what Wang Chonghui said, Chiang Kai-shek seemed to regret it, and said, "Why didn't you remind me at that time? ?” Wang said: “You are the chairman of the committee, and I am a subordinate, so of course I have to be consistent with you.” At this time, Jiang woke up from the dream and regretted it, saying: “This matter is over, so don’t tell outsiders. If someone asks, just say that there is no basis for a treaty, and there is no reason to raise it." He was afraid that the leak of the matter would damage the image of the "leader", so he told Wang Chonghui not to "speak out", and if someone asked, he would say "there is no basis for a treaty." Explanation.Moreover, Jiang told the king more than once, which shows that Jiang himself has some taboos about handling such a major event hastily.Chiang Kai-shek was a man who refused to admit his mistakes.But when Wang Chonghui returned to the country, he couldn't help but reveal it to a very small number of high-level KMT officials.But after the news spread, many people wanted to know more about it. Wang Chonghui knew Jiang's character well and never told the truth.Since then, the Kuomintang government has unified the caliber in all documents, even books, newspapers and periodicals when it encounters the Ryukyu issue: because there is no basis, China did not mention the issue of Ryukyu ownership at the Cairo Conference.Therefore, except for a very small number of people, no one knew that Chiang Kai-shek did not take back Ryukyu because he rejected Roosevelt's proposal twice. On March 19, 1962, Sima Sangdun, a reporter from Taiwan's "United Daily News", learned that the U.S. government secretly wanted to recognize Japan's sovereignty over Ryukyu. China's Ryukyu finally fell into the mouth of Japan, which "torn a big gap" in the coastal defense of China's east.At that time, the author was just out of righteous indignation. He didn't know that Chiang insisted on not wanting Ryukyu at the Cairo Conference, and lost a great opportunity.This article aroused the attention of public opinion and the highest authority in Taiwan. In order to hide his face, Jiang defended himself when he attended a high-level meeting of the Kuomintang: "Actually, Ryukyu and Taiwan have different statuses in our country's history. We believed that Ryukyu belonged to the East China Sea." The military barrier is of greater importance. We agree that China and the United States should go through the entrustment process of the United Nations to implement co-management. We also thought that this was not an urgent matter at the time, so we said we would talk about it in the future.” This conversation was understated and shirked responsibility First, he did not admit that he twice refused Roosevelt to allow China to take back Ryukyu.Second, the East China Sea barrier and military importance are Roosevelt's analysis and strategy, not "us"!Third, the "future" has been nearly ten years, when will it be postponed to "let's talk"?What chance is there to "say it again"? History really did not give Chiang Kai-shek a chance to "talk again". The "Cairo Declaration" stipulates that the Ryukyu Islands are not an inherent territory of Japan's history, but land seized by force and greed. Japan should be expelled from the country and returned to its original appearance. In 1947, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 21, deciding to deprive Japan of the Pacific islands that were mandated to rule under Article 22 of the League of Nations' Covenant, and turn them into strategic defense zones, which will be placed under the trusteeship system established by the UN Charter and designate the United States as the Administration of the Trust Territories. In April, the United Nations passed the "Agreement on the Mandatory Islands of the Former Japan", and the Ryukyu Islands were listed as trusteeships and placed under the administration of the United States.What I want to explain here is that the Ryukyu Islands are placed under the administration of the United States and are placed under the trusteeship system of the United Nations.This was 1947, when China was in the midst of a war of liberation; another thing happened in April, that is, Hisao Tani, the first criminal in the Nanjing Massacre, was executed by shooting in Yuhuatai, Nanjing.Beginning in June 1947, the Kuomintang began to decline, and the Chinese People's Liberation Army won successive victories in the war of liberation. On October 1, 1949, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was proclaimed, and the Kuomintang regime retreated to Taiwan. In June 1950, the Korean War broke out, and in November of the same year, China entered Korea to fight against US aggression and aid Korea.After the outbreak of the Korean War, the United States decided to support Japan in order to contain the "socialist camp" headed by the Soviet Union from the perspective of the Cold War. In September 1951, while the United States invaded North Korea, it convened 48 allied countries to sign the "San Francisco Treaty with Japan" with Japan. Article 3 of Chapter 2 "Territory" stipulated the status of the Ryukyu Islands: Japan is concerned that the United States proposes to the United Nations that the Southwest Islands south of 29 degrees north latitude (including the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands), the Southern Islands south of the Son-in-law Rock Island (including the Ogasawara Islands, the West Island, and the Sulphur Islands) and the Okinawan Islands Any proposal that Bird Island and South Bird Island be placed under the United Nations Trusteeship, with the United States as the sole management authority, will be agreed.Pending such proposals, and affirmative action taken in response to such proposals, the United States shall have the right to exercise all and any executive, legislative, and judicial rights over the inhabitants of such islands and territories, including their territorial waters. In 1969, the United States and Japan separately signed the "Japan-US Agreement Concerning the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands" (that is, the "Return of Okinawa Agreement"), privately granting and accepting the Ryukyu Islands. strong opposition.In order to ease the situation, the US government issued a statement in October 1971: The United States believes that returning to Japan the administrative power over these islands it originally acquired from Japan will not damage the relevant sovereignty claims.The United States can neither add to Japan the legal rights they had before they transferred the administration of these islands to us, nor diminish the rights of other claimants by returning to Japan the administration of these islands. . . . the claims of any dispute over these islands shall be a matter for mutual settlement between the parties. No matter what you say, China is very angry and firmly opposed to it, but who is happy?Japan is the happiest, and it can be regarded as another chance. I have to learn from the previous lesson that violence alone cannot conquer others.In order to eliminate the influence of Chinese culture, Japan enforces "national compulsory education", wears Japanese clothes, and eats Japanese food.Every child must enter a school that can only speak Japanese and learn Japanese culture, and receive at least ten years of "free education".In order to eliminate Chinese dialects, three "dialect cards" have been made in each class since elementary school. Whoever speaks the dialect will receive the card. Card holders can't pass it on to the next one until they find other dialect speakers. Until this cardholder finds another.And every time after school, the three students holding the card must stay to clean the classroom.Therefore, many elementary school students who got the cards did not hesitate to fight with their classmates, forcing them to blurt out "it hurts" or "bastard" in dialect in order to transfer the cards and avoid cleaning.Even though this method is adopted to "Japaneseize" Ryukyu, it still hasn't made the Ryukyu people forget their history and ancestors.Many Okinawans still do not recognize that they are Japanese.So far, the Ryukyu people love to use it as evidence: the Japanese always put a samurai sword in the living room as a decoration, while the Ryukyu people put a three-stringed qin similar to the Chinese pipa, in order to compare Japan's brutality and martial arts. People love peace.Because the Ryukyu people are deeply sinicized, although Japan has undergone 70 years of "imperialization transformation", the Chinese culture accumulated over thousands of years is deeply rooted and basically unchanged.Japan was overjoyed, thinking, oops, Ryukyu is mine again, I have to completely let it belong to me, trying to completely kill the original culture of Ryukyu, it is impossible to achieve its goal.In addition, is Ryukyu really returned to Japan?Many treaties have been signed. What kind of legal status does Ryukyu have? 1. Suzerainty Let's go back to the source and talk about the legal status of Ryukyu.As mentioned earlier, during the period of Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty, China and Ryukyu established a suzerain-vassal relationship, and China became the suzerain state of Ryukyu and enjoyed suzerainty.So, what is suzerainty?What is suzerainty?Let's be clear again.Suzerainty relationship is a special relationship between countries under specific historical conditions.The so-called suzerainty means that the suzerain state enjoys certain ruling power over the vassal state. The suzerain state generally does not interfere in the internal affairs of the vassal state, but important affairs such as foreign affairs and military affairs are dominated by the suzerain state. The vassal state does not enjoy complete sovereignty. , must be appointed, approved or canonized by the suzerain country, and the agreements signed with foreign countries, treaties, changes in legal status and changes in diplomatic relations must be approved or recognized by the suzerain country.For China, there have been vassal states since the Western Han Dynasty, and the suzerain-vassal relationship centered on the "Hua-Yi order" continued through the generations until the end of the Qing Dynasty.Among them, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Korea, Vietnam, Myanmar, Ryukyu and other countries were all vassal states that had maintained tributary relations with China for hundreds of years, and China enjoyed absolute suzerainty. From 1855 to 1859, Ryukyu signed commercial treaties with the United States, France, and the Netherlands. The Ryukyu Kingdom used the "Xianfeng" reign name in the text of the treaty, so the suzerain-vassal relationship between China and Ryukyu was also recognized by the West.Wheaton, a well-known western jurist, also discussed the "vassal system" in his book "Elements of International Law": "A country that pays tribute is a vassal state, and the public law depends on the amount of sovereignty it has. Determine the division of their autonomy. That is to say, when the countries on the coast of Europe go forward to pay tribute to Barbary, there is no hindrance to their right to self-reliance and independence. For seven hundred years, the king of Naples still has the name of the Pope of Pingfan. Its tribute was stopped ten years ago. However, it is not a self-supporting and independent country because it screened Rome.” From Wheaton’s remarks, we can know that even if a vassal state pays tribute to the suzerain state, even the legitimacy of the rule of the vassal state’s leader depends on Receiving the approval of the king or pope of the suzerain state does not affect the right of the vassal state to be self-reliant, and the vassal state appears as an independent sovereign state to the outside world.Wheaton's theory was consistent with the "vassal system" in Asia at that time. In the "vassal system", the suzerain country did not interfere in the internal affairs of the vassal state, and the sovereignty of the vassal state was limited only to external military operations.Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that Ryukyu in the 19th century was an independent country no matter from the perspective of Western international law or the Eastern "suzerainty system".At the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the invasion of Western powers, China’s internal affairs were corrupt, its national strength was declining, internal and external troubles, and its international status was declining. It was difficult to support the long-standing Huayi order. After being challenged by Japan, Vietnam and North Korea broke away from China successively.But different from the situation in Ryukyu, Vietnam and Korea have treaties to follow when they seceded from China. After the Sino-French War in 1885, France forced China to sign the "Sino-French New Treaty", confirming that China gave up its suzerainty over Vietnam; after the Sino-French War in 1894 , Japan forced China to sign the "Treaty of Shimonoseki", which made it clear that China would give up its suzerainty status over North Korea.However, from Japan's annexation of Ryukyu by force in 1879 to the end of World War II, China has never reached an agreement with any country on the change of Ryukyu's sovereignty.It can be said that according to the suzerain-vassal relationship, any change in the legal status of Ryukyu must be confirmed by the suzerain-China before it can take effect. Japan’s annexation of Ryukyu by force has never been recognized by any Chinese government, including the Qing government. The Qing government at that time It also did not declare to renounce its suzerainty over Ryukyu. Therefore, Japan's annexation and occupation of Ryukyu has obvious flaws in international law, and Ryukyu's sovereignty should still be regarded as an "unsolved case." In 1880, the Qing government did not approve Japan's "Island Revision", and never recognized Japan's annexation of Ryukyu.At the same time, both the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation in 1943 stipulated that the land seized by Japan by force or greed must also expel Japan; on February 2, 1946, the MacArthur General Command issued a statement: the Japanese government's The administrative area is limited to the four main islands including Honshu Island and a thousand small islands nearby, and is limited to 30 degrees north latitude.The scope of the Ryukyu Islands is south of 30 degrees north latitude, which is obviously outside the scope of Japanese power.This already shows that Ryukyu does not belong to Japan.As for the 1951 Korean War, the United States convened 48 allied countries to sign the "San Francisco Treaty with Japan" with Japan. According to international law, it is invalid and the Chinese government does not recognize it.Why?This was signed without China's participation.International law stipulates that any disposal decision involving the interests of the parties concerned in the contract is invalid and illegal. 2. Trusteeship system Later, the United States signed the "Return of Okinawa Agreement" with Japan separately, which would be even more invalid.First, China did not participate; second, Ryukyu was placed under the trusteeship system of the United Nations after the end of World War II. The status "should be determined by the major allies"; in 1947, the United Nations handed over the Ryukyu Islands to the United States for trusteeship. What is trusteeship?We need to be more specific.According to the second paragraph of Article 76 of the Charter of the United Nations, one of the basic purposes of implementing the "International Trusteeship System" (INTERNATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM) is: "to enhance the political, economic, social, and educational progress of the residents of the Trust Territory; and To promote the gradual development towards self-government or independence in accordance with the principles of the special circumstances of the territories and their peoples and the freely expressed will of the people concerned, and in accordance with the terms of the respective trusteeship agreements".Most of the clear trusteeships of the United Nations are former colonies or places where sovereignty does not belong. Therefore, the trusteeship of the United States by the United States only entrusts the administrative, legislative and judicial powers of Ryukyu to the United States, which is what the United States said in 1971. It only obtains The administrative power of the Ryukyu Islands.Therefore, the United States unilaterally determined the ownership of Ryukyu in 1971 and signed an agreement with Japan to privately grant and accept territories that did not belong to itself. This is illegal and invalid in international law; The legislative purpose of the system is to promote the final autonomy or independence of the trusteeship, but the United States unilaterally handed over Ryukyu to Japan, which obviously violated the legislative purpose of the trusteeship system and the desire of the Ryukyu people to move towards autonomy or independence, and is invalid. Unlawful.