Chapter 42 11. Another wolf from the north

In the middle and late 12th century, Temujin unified the Mongolian grassland, which was the first time that the Mongolian grassland was unified.Temujin means King Kong in Mongolian, which is very appropriate.There are many tribes on the Mongolian steppe, and the Mongolian tribe is just one of them.In addition, there are Tatar tribe, Wanggu tribe, Merqi tribe, etc., but King Kong wiped out all these tribes, so the ethnic groups on the grassland are collectively called Mongolian. In 1206, Temujin became known as Genghis Khan, and the Mongolian Khanate was established.Genghis Khan means the Khan who owns the world.Mongolia's foreign wars went west to Central Asia, Russia, south to the Indus River, and then fought Xixia and Jin.Their Western Expeditions were carried out three times in total, which was the greatest destruction of human civilization by barbarians. Of course, objectively, it also enabled material and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

For the first time, Genghis Khan himself commanded an army of 200,000 to wipe out Khwarazm, a major Muslim country in Central Asia, probably in the position of those few Stans today.There is a rule when the Mongolian army sieges a city. If the city surrenders without resistance, all the men who are higher than the height of the wheel will be killed after breaking the city, and the women, children and artisans will be kept as slaves.If the city dares to resist, after the city is broken, no chickens or dogs will be left, the whole city will be razed to the ground, and grass will be sown.Ancient cities like Yulong Jiechi and Samarkand were lost because of this, because they resisted and were covered by pastures sown later.Every time the Mongols killed a thousand people on the battlefield, they hanged a corpse upside down for counting. After a battle, there were many corpses hanging upside down on the battlefield, which was extremely barbaric and cruel.

The Mongol currency is printed with Genghis Khan, but today Mongolia is not the same country as us, and we don’t need to regard it as our ancestor, let alone regard his so-called Western Expedition as the pride of the Chinese.If the Japanese had conquered China, would we still sing praises to Japan?Although there are Mongolians in China, Genghis Khan was born in Outer Mongolia and buried in Outer Mongolia, which is not the same as us.It is the first time in the history of China that the country is subjugated and the species is wiped out. There is nothing to commemorate, let alone take it as pride.You were destroyed by others, and you still said it was great, which is shameless.Genghis Khan's first expedition to the west, the main force went all the way to the Indus River, today's Pakistan, but it was too hot, so Genghis Khan's troops went back.

Another partial division of the Western Expedition was commanded by the famous Mongolian generals Jebe and Subotai, and they reached the Taihe Ridge, which is today's Ural Mountains.Later, Genghis Khan died when he attacked Xixia. When he died, he kept his mourning secret until Xixia surrendered the next day.If Xixia knew that he was dead, he should resist, and all the royal family of Xixia would be killed.The body of Genghis Khan was transported back to his hometown in Mongolia, called the Valley of Chariots. I don’t know where this place is, because they took a road that no one knew, and they saw one person killing another along the way.After arriving at that place for burial, ten thousand horses leveled the ground, raised the grave, and sowed grass.After the ceremony is completed, kill a small camel and let the female camel watch it. During the next year’s sacrifice, if you catch up with this female camel, it will be very painful for the female camel to go to this place. Hold sacrifices.Once the female camel died, no one knew where she was buried. It must be in Outer Mongolia, but I couldn't find it.Today's Chengling Mausoleum in Yijinhuoluo Banner, Inner Mongolia is the tomb of Genghis Khan, not the place where his body is located.

Genghis Khan died with a golden helmet, a golden armor, a golden plate, a golden bowl, and golden chopsticks leaning against a big tree. So the Mongols sawed off the tree, threw it in half and dug it into a trough, surrounded by three golden hoops, which was his coffin.Mongolians are very environmentally friendly. I come from the grasslands. When I die, I will be nourished. I cannot occupy cultivated land and do not repair graves.Every emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was buried in this way, so you can't find the tomb of the Yuan Dynasty emperor at all. After the death of Genghis Khan, around 1240, the Mongols carried out their second western expedition.This Western Expedition was led by the eldest grandsons of Genghis Khan, namely Batu, the son of Jochi Khan, Hara Xulie, the son of Chagatai Khan, and two other eldest grandsons, so this Western Expedition is called the eldest grandson Xizheng. .This dozen reached the Danube, occupied Poland and Hungary, and pointed directly at Vienna.At this time, Guiyu Khan, the third generation of Mongolia, died of illness. Unlike the Han nationality, the Mongols have the eldest son inheritance system, and whoever has the thickest fist is the boss. Therefore, as soon as Guiyou Khan died, these Mongolian nobles returned to the grassland to grab the Khan position.When they reached the Danube River Basin, they were not in the same mind, and they were defeated by the European coalition forces, avoiding the demise of the whole of Europe.But this time the Mongols did attack half of Europe, especially Russia, which has been ruled by Mongolia for more than 100 years. Every pore of the Russian body has been integrated with Mongolian genes, so Russia is an aggressive nation in history. Decide.

The third Western Expedition was commanded by Hulagu Khan, the younger brother of Mongol Khan, the fourth great Khan of Mongolia. The troops reached the Sinai Peninsula and immediately set foot on the hot African land. In 1258, the Mongolian army captured Baghdad and wiped out the famous Arab Empire at that time.Hulagu established his Ilkhanate on the territory of the Arab Empire. Hulagu himself is a devout Christian. If his deeds are completed, Islam may disappear.But when he hit this place, Mengge Khan was shot dead by the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty during the battle against the Southern Song Dynasty. According to the inside, he was thrown to death by Yang Guo with a stone.Kublai Khan and Ali Buge competed for the Khan position, and Hulagu was in charge. As a result, the Mongolian soldiers were defeated in the Sinai Peninsula, and the reason for their retreat was the same as last time.

There were less than 1 million Mongols in the three Western Expeditions, but they ruled a land area of ​​40 million square kilometers, accounting for 1/3 of the earth's land surface area.The total land surface area of ​​the earth is 110 million square kilometers, and the Antarctic has to be excluded. That is to say, almost all the inhabited places were occupied by the Mongols at that time. Of course, in addition to Mongolia's western expedition, his headquarters is also vigorously operating in China. In 1234 AD, Mongolia destroyed gold.After the founding of Mongolia, it continued to fight against gold. After more than 100 years of Sinicization, the descendants of Wanyan Aguda, who were so heroic, have declined, and the famous horse people have become weak. Jinzhongdu was captured in 1219, and Genghis Khan burned Jinzhongdu to white ground with a fire, so Kublai Khan had to avoid Jinzhongdu when he built Yuandu.Now the Baizhifang Bridge on the West Second Ring Road has the ruins of the Jinzhongdu palace, and the lotus pond is the core of the Jinzhongdu.

Song was very happy when Mongolia hit gold.The enmity between Song and Jin is much greater than the enmity between Northern Song and Liao. Song and Liao have not fought for 119 years since the alliance of Chanyuan, while Song and Jin fought all the time. The emperors died in Jin, so Song took the initiative to contact Mongolia. I want I will kill gold with you.Jin Guo’s way of dealing with it at this time was relatively ineffective. He said that what I lost in Mongolia would be recovered in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Mongolian army would not resist and continue to attack the Song Dynasty. The Jin army and the Mongolian army jointly wiped out the Jin army.

Of course, when the gold was destroyed, the Song army mainly delivered food to people, so that's what it did.The last battle against the Jin Dynasty was in Caizhou. The last emperor of the Jin Kingdom, Aizong (posthumously named Fali Gongren, short-folded and called Ai), Wanyan Shouxu hanged himself.Before Wanyan Shouxu committed suicide, he told the eunuch that after I died, you would burn my body to avoid being insulted by the enemy, and then hanged himself to die for the country.The eunuch hurriedly set the fire on fire. There was no gasoline at the time, so he lit it with firewood. After lighting it, he saw that the enemy was about to attack. The eunuch also wanted to run, and the people around him also wanted to run. Maybe they ran away before the fire was fully burned.When General Song came in to take a look, he found that the body was basically well preserved and was still smoking.So Song Jiang was very energetic, he drew his bow and shot three arrows at the dead body, and then called the Minister of the Kingdom of Jin to insult him in every possible way, you see, you have today.As a result, the Minister of the Kingdom of Jin replied: "Since ancient times, there have been no dynasties that are immortal, but how is the death of our lord compared to your two Huiqin emperors?" You see, our emperor died enough to be a man.This is the highest state for the monarch to die in Sheji. There seem to be not many emperors who can do this in Chinese history. Emperor Sizong Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty is enough for a man.

After the death of Jin, the Mongols began to conquer Tubo. After the demise of the Tubo Dynasty, it was divided for hundreds of years. When the Mongols came, these people saw that the Mongols killed people without blinking an eye. Let’s surrender. Let’s use Buddhism to conquer the Mongols.After conquering Tubo, the Mongols conquered the Dali Kingdom in Yunnan and Guizhou. In this way, Mongolia formed a siege of the Song Dynasty. The Mongols took the lead in conquering these lands, so what is particularly interesting today is that the languages ​​spoken by people in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan belong to the same northern language family as the languages ​​north of the Huaihe River, and Beijing dialect also belongs to the northern language family.Chinese language includes Cantonese, Hokkien, Hakka, Wu and other seven language families. The northern dialect is actually a fusion of Manchu, Mongolian and northern dialects. The areas conquered by the Mongols speak the northern dialect, so the northern dialect belongs to Hu in the eyes of the orthodox Han people. sound.Those of the northern language family can't understand the southern dialect, and it's still Japanese without translation, which is no different from foreign languages.

In 1928, when the national government established the national language, Cantonese lost only one vote to Beijing dialect, otherwise we would all have to speak Cantonese.Most of the TV dramas and movies made in Western countries today, and the performances of Chinese people speak Cantonese. He thought it was the Mandarin of China, but he didn’t know that the Mongolians had already used the northern dialect to occupy the Mandarin. In 1271, Kublai Khan changed his country name to Yuan, set his capital at Yanjing, and changed it to Dadu, shifting the ruling center to the Central Plains.Kublai Khan is the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, like Yuan Taizu, Yuan Taizong, Yuan Dingzong, and Yuan Xianzong all pursued posthumous posthumous titles later.In fact, the name of Kublai Khan's official country was taken from Dazai Qianyuan, and he took one word for each, which is Dayuan.In the past, the names of dynasties were all tribal names. The Xia tribe, the Shang tribe, and the Zhou tribe. Later, the country titles of all dynasties were the official names of the founding kings. Of course, King Qin established the Qin State, Han King Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, and Wei King Cao Cao of course Wei was established.Then the dynasties established by Sui Guogong, Tang Guogong, and Songzhou Jiedushi were Sui, Tang and Song respectively.In the Yuan Dynasty, the previous dynasty was herding sheep, so what should we do?Grab one inside.In the future, the Ming and Qing will be similar to the Yuan. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang used to be a beggar, not to mention the Qing was the chief of the previous dynasty, so basically the names of the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing are different from the previous ones.