Chapter 37 6. Led wolves into the house and danced with wolves

The Northern Song Dynasty only ended the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, but did not complete the unification of the country.The minority regimes that stood side by side with the Northern Song Dynasty included the Liao of the Khitan, the Jin of the Jurchen, and the Xixia of the Dangxiang. The Khitan is in the Liaohe River, which was called the upper reaches of the Xilamulun River at that time. It is such a nomadic, fishing and hunting nation.At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan power began to develop, and the Han farmers moved to the north of the Great Wall, and the Khitan people learned to plant, build cities, and farm.At the beginning of the tenth century, Yelu Abaoji, the leader of Khitan, unified the various tribes of Khitan and advocated the acceptance of Han culture in agriculture.Yelu Abaoji is obviously a Khitan dialect. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he changed his name to Yelu Yi, and his name was also changed to a Han name.In 916 AD, Yelu Abaoji proclaimed himself emperor, established the Khitan Kingdom, and established the capital Shangjing. He was the Taizu of the Liao Dynasty.The leaders of the ethnic minorities have their own names, the Huns are called Shanyu, the Turks are called Khan, and the Tubo are called Zanpu. They will only establish the title of emperor after they take control of the Central Plains.Like during the period of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, the Wu Hu established the emperor title only after entering the Central Plains.And this Khitan man established a country and proclaimed himself emperor on the grassland, and everything is still the same as in the Central Plains.Liao had five capitals, and the entire nomad and his emperor lived in the five capitals. Shangjing is the Bahrain Left Banner of Linhuang Mansion today in Inner Mongolia.

The Khitan people created the Khitan language.It is created on the basis of Chinese characters, but it is much more complicated than Chinese characters.Khitan script has now become a dead script, no one will read it anyway.There are more than 3,000 characters commonly used in Khitan script, but we can now recognize more than 500 characters. Because the Liao Dynasty banned books very strictly, and its contacts with the Northern Song Dynasty were all in Chinese, so even the people of the Northern Song Dynasty did not recognize the Khitan script. Chinese characters are monosyllabic, and Khitan is polysyllabic, so it is very inconvenient for him to use Chinese characters to describe.For example, the sky, when we write it, it becomes the sky, and when we read it, we read it as the sky.Khitan people want to pronounce it as Tengger (sound), and it is very troublesome to write it out.It is very awkward to read a word with three pronunciations, so when the Liao Dynasty perished, the Khitan script also withdrew from the stage of history with the Liao's demise.In the TV series, Xiao Feng's father was killed by mistake, and he carved words on that wall.For a drama filmed in Hong Kong, Xiao Feng's father engraved it in Mongolian. I admire the director for not asking him to engrave it in English.Photographed in mainland China, engraved in Khitan characters.

During the Yelu Deguang period, Khitan obtained the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun, and changed the name of the country to Liao. Yelu Deguang is Emperor Taizong of the Liao Dynasty, the second emperor of the Liao Dynasty. The name Deguang is completely a Chinese character.Youzhou in the sixteen prefectures of Youyun is our Beijing, today's Xuanwu and Fengtai districts.Aren’t there five capitals in Liao? Nanjing in Liao is called Xijinfu, which is Beijing; Xijing in Liao is Yunzhou, which is Datong in Shanxi;It has five capitals, two of which are in Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, which were ceded to Liao by Emperor Shi Jingtan of the Later Jin Dynasty.He asked Liao to help him destroy the later Tang Dynasty, and he ceded Youyun Sixteen Prefectures to Liao, and then 45-year-old Shi Jingtang worshiped 36-year-old Yelu Deguang as his foster father, who is the famous son emperor in Chinese history.Liao benefited a lot after acquiring Youyun Sixteen States.

First, farming began to develop south of the Great Wall.It turns out that an important reason why ethnic minorities could not defeat the Central Plains Dynasty was that their economy was not good.If you have a nomadic economy, that stuff is out of the question, and a big snowstorm can cause your entire family to perish.Now, my nomads can also farm, and I am south of the Great Wall.In the past, the Great Wall was built to keep out these ethnic minorities, but now these ethnic minorities are all south of the Great Wall, and the Great Wall is completely lost.The cavalry set off from Beijing and ran southward on horseback, covering all the plains, only blocked by the Yellow River in the middle, and there was no other danger.The borders of Song and Liao are in Xiongzhou and Bazhou, which are only 300 miles south of Beijing. This advantage has an important effect on Liao, but it killed the Central Plains Dynasty.

As a result, Liao was faced with many new situations and problems. That is to say, how to manage the newly expanded territories and the newly added population.The Huaxia nation of the Central Plains Dynasty had such a realization that the Hulu had no luck for a hundred years.That is to say, we believe that if an ethnic minority enters the Central Plains, its rule cannot exceed one hundred years.Because as soon as you enter the Central Plains, you are bound to face two choices—sinicization or not.Sinicization or not Sinicization, you are finished. For example, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, and Qiang were all sinicized as soon as they entered the Central Plains.The Sui and Tang dynasties all had this Xianbei lineage, and the Xianbei nation did not exist.The Manchus are actually Sinicized, how many Manchus can speak Manchu and recognize Manchu?If you don't Sinicize, you will be beaten away, and a backward economy and culture cannot rule this place with a large population, a developed economy, and a developed culture.If you can't rule, you can only be beaten away.The Mongols are not sinicized, and have gone back to the grasslands to herd sheep for more than 90 years.Regardless of whether Sinicization or non-Sinicization, the process will not exceed a hundred years, and this is the reason why there is no luck for a hundred years.

However, Liao solved this problem very well.You said that Hulu has no luck for a hundred years. Liao has a total of 210 years, and there have been 9 emperors, and each emperor has been in power for a long time.In the 53 years of the Five Dynasties, 14 emperors were changed. In comparison, the Liao Dynasty is very vigorous. It is so vigorous because of one country, two systems.He implemented the division of Han and Han, and established southern officials and northern officials.The officials in the south ruled the Han people and the Bohai people, and the officials in the north ruled the Khitans and other ethnic minorities.Li Xiaofeng is the king of the South Courtyard.

Liao's Shangjing Linhuang Mansion, it has been destroyed by the Jin people.But because it is on the Mongolian grassland, the ruins are very well preserved.In the ruins, it can be clearly seen that Shangjing is composed of two parts, the south is called Seoul, and the north is called Miyagi.The streets and houses in the south of Seoul are very similar to those of Chang’an in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. You can tell by looking at the ruins. The north is where the Khitan people lived. There is nothing but palaces.That proves that the Khitan people still lived in tents.You can't let the Han people live in tents, and the Khitan people are not used to living in houses. The final result of coordination is that there is no coordination. The Han people still live in houses, and the Khitan people still set up tents when they enter the city.Treat the Khitan with the state system, treat the Han people with the Han system, one city, two systems.

After the Khitan was established, it bordered the Northern Song Dynasty, and inevitably there would be conflicts between the two. After Song Taizong unified the Central Plains and the South, he attacked Liao in order to seize the sixteen prefectures of Youyun.In 979 AD, the Gaoliang River was fought fiercely, and the Song army was defeated.The Gaoliang River is near the current Zizhuyuan Park in Beijing, where 100,000 Song troops fought fiercely with the Liao army.Yeluxiu, the king of Nanyuan, a famous general of the Liao Kingdom, led 9,000 iron cavalry to wipe out the 100,000 Song army. Emperor Taizong was hit by two arrows and fled back to the south in a donkey cart.The horses were probably killed before they got into the donkey cart.Emperor Taizong's arrow wound recurred every year, and finally died of this arrow wound. In fact, his real cause of death may be a heart disease. The first battle of Gaoliang River planted an indelible shadow in his heart. The army was almost wiped out, thinking about it every day makes me angry.At that time, Song had just destroyed the Northern Han Dynasty, and after the Northern Han Dynasty was destroyed, he came to attack the Liao Dynasty, and it was like this.Four years later, Liao Jingzong Yeluxian died of illness, and Liao Shengzong Yelu Longxu came to the throne at the age of 12. His mother Xiao Chuo was the Empress Dowager Xiao and began to rule.In the Song Dynasty, taking advantage of the suspicion of the young country, 200,000 troops were divided into three routes to attack Liao twice. The Eastern Route Army was the main force, commanded by Cao Bin, the general who pacified the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Going out of the West Road, Yang Ye is the old man Yang mentioned in the storytelling "The General of the Yang Family".As soon as the East Route Army came out, it was severely beaten by the main force of the Liao army. The 40,000 cavalry of Yelu Xiezhen, the famous general of the Liao Dynasty, defeated the 100,000 Song army and wiped out the entire army. Cao Bin led dozens of people to flee the battlefield.The Central Army Tian Chongjin was so frightened that he didn't dare to go out. The main force of the Eastern Army was wiped out, so I went there to die.Therefore, Tian Zhongjin may have raided the border, beheaded the Khitan people, and carried them back to pretend to be meritorious.Said that I didn't meet the main force of Khitan, but only small troops, so I killed some, and I came back.Kill the good and take the credit.After Pan Mei and Yang Ye from the West Route Army went out, Youyun Sixteen Prefectures occupied four Shanxi prefectures, which should be said to be a great victory.However, the main force of the Liao army was cavalry, and once the battlefield in the east was settled, they quickly returned to the west line. Then the supplies of the West Route Army could not keep up, so Pan Mei could only retreat, and Yang Ye took cover.In the end, part of the West Route Army may have escaped, and the Yang family generals were wiped out. Yang Ye was defeated and captured, locked up in the Haotian Tower, and died of a hunger strike.

The two Northern Expeditions of the Song Dynasty in 979 and 986 AD were almost wiped out by people.The second time, if it wasn't for Tian Zhong's advance and retreat, it would have been over.Therefore, such a result made the rulers of the Song Dynasty establish a policy of guarding the inside and ignoring the outside, and turned the main force to the prevention and suppression of the people.It means that the Song Dynasty did not dare to fight the Liao Kingdom any more.But if you don't beat them, they will come and beat you.