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Chapter 36 5. Wang Anshi died

what is history 1 袁腾飞 2664Words 2018-03-20
Therefore, Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi to reform.A total of nine emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty, Taizu, Taizong, Zhenzong, Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, Zhezong, Huizong, Qinzong, Shenzong is the sixth emperor. Wang Anshi's reform has three aspects. First, financial measures.The core of financial management measures is this sentence: "The people don't add taxes, but the country uses them."It does not increase the burden on the common people, but increases the income of the country.If you don't want to play on the common people's ideas, the country wants to take money. This clearly means taking a knife from the rich.Therefore, his reform is not only an adjustment of class relations, but also an adjustment of relations within the ruling class.The first is the green shoot method.Every year when there is a shortage of crops, the farmers are given loans in two installments. After the harvest, the interest rate will be increased by 20% to return to the government, so as to avoid usury and increase government revenue.Compared with now, 20% interest rate is too high, and now it is a few thousandths.You don’t have to borrow if you think it’s too high, but if you don’t borrow from the government, you can only borrow from usury and landlords, which is 200% interest.So in this way, the phrase "the people don't add taxes, but the country uses them" makes the bureaucratic landlords miserable, and these people can't exploit the people if they want to exploit them.

The second is the service collection law. The government collects exemption money from those who should serve but are not willing to serve.Hire people to serve, and bureaucratic landlords who don't serve also have to pay to reduce the burden of peasants' labor and ensure production time.In this way, the bureaucratic landlords who could not serve or pay, now have to pay if they do not serve.Again, farmland water conservancy law.Again, Fang Tian average tax law.The government re-measures the land and collects taxes according to how fertile each household is, with no exception for bureaucratic landlords.The land of the bureaucratic landlord must be abundant and fertile, while the land of the peasants is scarce and barren, so the fertile land will be harvested more, and the barren land will be harvested less.

Finally, under the Market Change Law, the government sets up a market trade service to buy slow-moving goods with money and sell them when the market is in short supply.This restricts big businessmen from controlling the market. There is an idiom called "hoarding and hoarding".This is conducive to stabilizing prices and commodity exchanges, reducing the burden on the people and increasing government revenue.The government buys down jackets for 200 yuan a piece in summer, so as not to overstock your warehouses, so merchants have sold down jackets to the government.In winter, the government sells it for 600 yuan, and then the government earns 400 yuan, right?But if a merchant sells it, he may sell it for eight hundred, nine hundred, or one thousand.Therefore, the result of this is that the government gets the money, and the prices of ordinary people can be cheaper, and then the businessmen suffer losses, that's what it means.Therefore, the overall financial management measures reflect the core idea of ​​"the people don't add gifts, but the country uses them".

The second method of reform is military measures. First of all, Baojia Law.The government organized rural households to provide one insurance for every ten households (later changed to five households).Then if there are two males in your family, one of them will be Baoding.Train troops during slack, farm in peacetime, and join the army in wartime to resist the attack of Liaoxia and reduce military expenditure.This kind of soldiers is actually called the militia, and they are used to defend the homeland. China is most suitable for such an army.Because some people say that the Chinese despise the family and the country and value the country, and they are brave in private battles and timid in public wars.Fight bravely, take a look at my daughter-in-law and I will never end with you.When foreign enemies invaded, I was timid, and when the aliens came, I hid.Chinese people have a strong sense of locality. When you go abroad, you are from Beijing, I am from Beijing, and I am from Shanghai. I did not say that you are from China and I am from China. The organization is also the Beijing Association, not the China Association. country concept.So this militia is very suitable. What you are defending is your wife and your hometown.

The art of war.The forbidden army is stationed in a fixed place, and then the generals are trained regularly to enrich the border defense. The third reform is educational measures. Reform the imperial examinations, abolish Mingjing, and set up Mingfa.Mingjing is something that is memorized by rote, and it is useless.Rectify Taixue and make the school a place to create public opinion and educate talents for the reform.Therefore, Wang Anshi's role is to reverse the social crisis to a certain extent through reforms.It's a pity that it failed in the end. The reason for the failure was improper employment and endangering the people.The more important reason is that it violated the interests of big landlords and big bureaucrats.When Sima Guang was in power, the one who smashed tanks when he was a child, Wang Anshi's new law was abolished.

Why did Wang Anshi's reform employ inappropriate people? Wang Anshi is under a lot of pressure to do this.Because our China has always been dominated by Confucianism, and Confucianism's political views are the kings of the law.To respect the rules of the previous dynasties and kings, if you want to reform, it is generally considered to be deviant and rebellious.So Wang Anshi stood up to the thunder and was under a lot of pressure.He clearly stated that my reform is based on such a principle. Premier Wen Jiabao quoted these three sentences at a press conference: "The changes of the sky are not to be feared, the ancestors are not to follow the law, and people's words are not to be sympathetic." fear.Because of your Wang Anshi reform, you see an earthquake, 7.9 magnitude, which belongs to the sky change.Wang Anshi said that I didn't believe it, so I continued to change, let me see if I get a level 8.3.

Ancestors are not enough.The law of the ancestors is to guard the land of the ancestors. If the land of the ancestors does not abide by the law of the ancestors, how can we talk about the laws of the ancestors. Words are not enough.Everyone blames you. The more they complain, the more correct I am. The truth is often in the hands of a few people. So when these three tenets come, it sounds like you are fearless and courageous, but when you say it badly, this old man is too stunned.You are not afraid of anyone, God and ancestors, no one can control you, and then his affairs tend to go to extremes.At this time, the foundation for improper employment was laid.

Many people do not necessarily agree with the new law, but because Wang Xianggong insisted on using the new law, I pretended to support it.I asked for an official. In order to ask for an official, I pretended that I valued the new law, because there were too few people who supported Wang Anshi at that time, so I became an official right away.After becoming an official, I used this new law as a means of earning money. Obviously, the young crop law should be 20%, so I charge 30% interest.Lifting envoys use multi-dispersion as merit.I overcharged.It should be that the people need to borrow money, so I lend them. Now I am forcing you, the people, to borrow or not.If the loan is not repaid, the rich will guarantee the poor.If you have a landlord in your village, you can guarantee it for all the farmers if you have a landlord.In the end, not only the farmers in the village ran away, but even the landlords ran away. "A gentleman is a metaphor for righteousness. The sage Confucius once said that a villain is a metaphor for profit." Therefore, a gentleman who sacrifices his life to achieve benevolence and sacrifices his life for righteousness is a gentleman, and a villain who pursues profit is a villain.The so-called scholars, farmers, businessmen, and merchants are one of the most important reasons why they are at the bottom of the four peoples because they are profit-seeking. "Pipa Xing" "A businessman pays more attention to profit than parting, and went to Fuliang to buy tea the month before last."People don't take parting lightly and can't support you. Bai Juyi looks down on them very much, "A businessman values ​​profit more than parting", and you, Wang Anshi, are thinking about this all day long. "The people don't pay taxes, but the country uses them." You are chasing profit all day long. You are a villain. How can a villain govern the country?

One of the most prominent features of ancient China is that "officials do not compete with the people for profit".When you become an official, you cannot do business and compete with the common people for profit.In fact, this is the case in many countries today. I became the mayor, and my family wants to start a company. Can you compete with me?You are nothing like that.So officials can't do this, and they can't compete with the people for profit.And what Wang Anshi did was to compete with the people for profit, "the people don't add taxes, but the state uses them."So those landlords are not counted as the people, so are they, and you are competing with the people for profit.So these things became an excuse for conservatives to attack him.Later, many conservatives said that Wang Anshi's reform had various drawbacks, and that was not fabricated out of thin air. He did have these problems.After Wang Anshi's reform, the ministers in the court were divided into the new party and the old party.The new party attacked the old party when it came up, and the old party attacked the new party when it came up.

Wang Anshi's reform was not highly evaluated in history, but why it is infinitely elevated in textbooks is because we misread Lenin's anthology.Lenin said that Wang Anshi was a reformer in China. What Lenin said was actually a note in the brackets: Wang Anshi was a reformer in China in the 11th century.The great mentor of the proletarian revolution did not actually give Wang Anshi such a high evaluation. Lenin said he was a reformer in China in order to introduce who Wang Anshi was to the Russians and explain Wang Anshi's identity. In fact, Wang Anshi was written into the biography of a traitor in many places.History did not speak highly of him, "The world is in turmoil, the parties are united and different, and party disputes are regarded as fire and water."It turned out that the contradictions in the court were not so severe, but now all kinds of contradictions were aroused by Wang Anshi, so his reform failed in the end.Some people even say that the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty was caused by Wang Anshi.

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