Chapter 32 1. Discordant chorus

Started to talk about Song Yuan. The Song and Yuan Dynasties were the third peak period of ethnic integration in the history of our country. The pre-Qin period was the first peak of ethnic integration, and the second was during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, when the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, Qiang, and the five Hus were in chaos in China, and the five Hus were all included. The third is in the Song and Yuan dynasties.The Chinese nation has been inherited in one continuous line for 5,000 years, and many ancient nations in other countries have perished. Why are these nations in China able to pass on the torch and have endless descendants?An important reason is that the Chinese nation is the product of continuous integration.

Our nation is relatively complex, which means that the chances of mutual learning and cultural exchange are relatively high, so that the people of the entire Chinese nation are smarter and their genes are getting better and better.Look at the Indians, who belong to the Mongolian race like us, but why was he still in the prehistoric civilization when Columbus discovered America?One of the important reasons is that he is too closed and has no communication.His more than one thousand tribes have more than two thousand languages. What Zhang Village speaks, Li Village does not understand, and what Li Village speaks, Wang Village does not understand.The consequence of the lack of communication is that Zhang Village knows that crabs are edible, but Li Village treats them as poisonous insects; Li Village knows that crocodiles should not be messed with, and Wang Village always feeds the crocodiles.In this way, the relationship between uncle and niece, cousins, aunts and nephews will always be the end of the nation.The same is true for blacks. His nation is so backward because he has no concept of country, only the concept of tribe.

The Han nationality, the largest ethnic group in China, is itself a product of continuous ethnic integration. It first absorbs the more reasonable knowledge and advantages of ethnic minorities, and then assimilates them with its own culture.Just like a southerner who came to live in our community for three months, I learned your excellent places, and assimilated you by the way after learning. You used to eat rice, but I made you eat noodles, pancakes, parsley, green onions and steamed stuffed bun.After two previous large-scale ethnic integrations, China is now ushering in the third assimilation of parsley and green onions.

In 907 AD, the Li Tang Dynasty was destroyed by Zhu Wen, the governor of Xuanwu, his feudal town.After Zhu Wen destroyed Tang, Liang was established. Seventeen years later, Liang was replaced by Later Tang.The end of the Later Tang Dynasty is the Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou.It is equivalent to changing five dynasties in 53 years in the Yellow River Basin.The longest of the five dynasties of Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, and Zhou was Houliang, with 17 years, and the shortest was Houhan, with only 4 years, and two emperors were changed in 4 years. So later generations wrote poems and said, "Zhu, Li, Shi, Liu, Guo, Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou all came to the fourteenth emperor, sowing chaos in the fifty autumns." There were 14 emperors in 50 years, so how do you think most of these emperors died?It's an abnormal death, the kind that was killed by someone.If it was a prosperous dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han reigned for 54 years, one year longer than the five dynasties combined, Lord Kangxi lasted 61 years, Lord Qianlong counted 63 years as the Supreme Emperor, and several emperors reigned in the Liao Dynasty Forty or fifty years old, Xixia also has them.A Taiping emperor in one dynasty is comparable to the five dynasties, which shows how chaotic the five dynasties are.

Why is he so messed up?It is because each of his emperors is a general and a feudal town of the previous dynasty.They have heavy soldiers in their hands, and they have all the war goods in their hands, so why don't they grab their seats.For example, An Chongrong, the Jiedu envoy of the Chengde Army, publicly said: "The emperor would rather have a man with a strong army and a strong horse."This is not to say that there is no seed to be an emperor, but is it true that an emperor is born to be an emperor?Whoever has thick arms and big fists will be the boss.So in this way, the country is not like a country, but like a gang, who can beat who is the leader, of course, the change is very fast.

In 960 A.D., General Zhao Kuangyin of the Forbidden Army of the Later Zhou Dynasty revolted in what is today Chenqiao, Henan, and established the Song Dynasty. The reign name is Jianlong, and the capital is Tokyo.This Tokyo is not in Japan, but refers to Kaifeng.There were four capitals in the Song Dynasty, Luoyang in Xijing, Kaifeng in Tokyo, Yingtian (Shangqiu) in Nanjing, and Beijing Daming. Zhao Kuangyin is Song Taizu. When Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty, China was still in the divided situation of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. After the Northern Song Dynasty was established, Song Taizu flattened the south.Song Taizu was also able to wipe out the south and usurp power because he was a general of the forbidden army and held a heavy army.After destroying the south, Song Taizong eliminated the Northern Han Dynasty in 979 AD, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

After the death of Emperor Taizu, his younger brother Zhao Kuangyi (later changed to Guangyi) succeeded to the throne.After this person came to the throne, he was Song Taizong, so the Northern Song Dynasty was the two emperors of Taizu and Taizong to end the split of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, but it did not complete the unification of China. The Song Dynasty is incomparable with dynasties such as the Han and Tang Dynasties, because it did not complete the unification of China.We can see that the regimes that coexisted with the Northern Song Dynasty included Liao in the north, Xixia in the west, Dali in Yunnan, Huihe and Tubo.

Among these regimes, the largest territory is actually Liao, which was established by the Khitan people.The Chinese word in Russian today is pronounced in the Khitan pronunciation. If you can’t pronounce it well, it sounds like your uncle.Therefore, the Northern Song Dynasty did not complete the unification of China, and he did not even obtain the main part of the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty.