Home Categories Chinese history what is history 1

Chapter 12 2. Laozi is number one in the world

what is history 1 袁腾飞 2133Words 2018-03-20
In 221 B.C., King Qin Yingzheng, who later became Qin Shihuang, took Xianyang as his capital and established the first unified feudal state with centralized absolutism in Chinese history.He has adopted a series of measures similar to 360 security guards to consolidate his national system. Political aspects: First, he established the emperor system.The imperial power is supreme.The rulers of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, what is the name of the emperor?Called the king, the king of Wen, the king of Wu.Wang is the oldest Chinese character, as it is written in oracle bone inscriptions.Three horizontal lines and one vertical line are used to communicate with the emperor of heaven, earth and people.After Qin Wang Yingzheng completed the unification, he said that the rulers of the three generations were all kings. If I want to be king again, there is no way to say that I have succeeded in passing on to future generations. So you think about it for me, what should I be called?When the minister thought about it, you have both virtue and the Three Emperors, and your merits are worse than the Five Emperors, so just take two words from the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors".Sanwu is obviously very two, more like an alarm clock or a brand of cigarettes, so it is called the emperor, and the three emperors and five emperors are all related.

From then on, the Qin Dynasty began to have an emperor with absolute power and supreme imperial power.Claiming to be "Zhen", the imperial edict is called system, or imperial edict.It is worth mentioning that before the unification of the Qin Dynasty, anyone could call me, and Qu Yuan always called me.After the unification of Qin Dynasty, if you want Zhen, you will be shocked, only the emperor can.In fact, this system is really not very good, because the result of the emperor's monopoly is that the prosperity and decline of your country depends entirely on the emperor alone.If it is a famous monarch, the country can be strong and prosperous, but there are relatively few famous monarchs. The dynasty with the most famous monarchs in Chinese history is the Qing Dynasty. Except for the Tongzhi Emperor, it is almost okay.Like the Ming Dynasty, one raced against another bastard.The emperor’s founding of the country was not bad. In the second generation, he might be able to make do with it. It’s okay to keep it up. In the third generation, this group of people was born in the deep palace, grew up in the hands of women, and worked with eunuchs all day long. Think about him Know anything but "there's nothing down here" jokes.One generation is not as good as one generation, and dynasties always cannot escape the vicious circle of rise and fall, so the emperor system with monopoly power is flawed.

Qin Shihuang was very diligent at the beginning. He washed his face and brushed his teeth every day to read the 600-jin memorial.Don't be afraid, the memorials were written on bamboo slips at that time, if you read the paper, 600 catties would kill him.He asked to put a scale in the bedroom, weighing about 600 catties every day, and did not rest until he finished reading it. He was so tired that he couldn't turn over the bamboo slips. He hung a silk strip around his neck and hung it.This kind of physical work is far greater than mental work, so he finally got tired of it, so he began to pursue immortality and turned to alchemy.

Second, he established a whole set of official systems from the central to the local.This system summarizes it as the Sangong Zhuqing prefecture and county system.The emperor is supreme, and there are three princes under him, and the Taiwei is in charge of military affairs, which is roughly equivalent to the Central Military Commission. However, in the Qin Dynasty, Taiwei was generally not set up, and it was a false title.Then there is the prime minister, equivalent to the State Council, who is in charge of administration and is in charge of all officials.The records explaining this prime minister in historical records are "He is in charge of the prime minister, and his assistant is everything", and the prime minister basically handles major national affairs.Then there is Doctor Yushi. Doctor Yushi is equivalent to the deputy prime minister in charge of supervision. Such a job.These three are called Sangong.Sangong is equivalent to a senior official at the central level.Under the Sangong are the ministers, which are equivalent to the ministers of various ministries.Zhuqing is called Jiuqing in history books, but generally there may be more than nine.Some of the common ones are Lang Zhongling, which is equivalent to the palace guard; Dian Ke, which is equivalent to the Protocol Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Zong Zheng, who is in charge of the internal affairs of the royal family;Under the various ministers, there are counties in the locality, counties below, townships below the township, and li below the township.The leaders of townships and villages are not appointed by the imperial court, but are elected by the local people themselves. They are villagers' self-government committees, which are similar in nature to neighborhood committees.This system is called centralization.From the emperor down to the county, a pole was inserted to the end.This benefited the class teachers, class monitors, class representatives, and team leaders later on. From the student union to the contracting team, they have been following suit.

In the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were no grades, and the distinction between an official's size mainly depends on his salary.The Taiwei and the prime minister are Wanshi, that is, the annual salary is 10,000 shi of grain (like millet), and one shi is 150 catties, and 1.5 million catties of grain are given a year. Why do you want to go? You can exchange grain for anything .At that time, the currency was not very developed, so a lot of Wanshi grain was used as money, and rice was used to buy air tickets and so on.Therefore, it is said on the Internet that the amount of rice you bought for MP3 means how much you spent, which is more based than the initials of Money.

In addition, the way to distinguish the size of officials is to look at the ribbon worn on the official uniform, the large ribbon tied around the waist and hanging down to the bottom.Also, it depends on the official seal you wear. At that time, because the official seal was very small, it could be worn on your body.Wanshi's prime minister and Taiwei have gold seals and purple ribbons, the seal is gold, and the ribbon is purple; the censor doctor of Wuqianshi has silver seals and green ribbons (so that in many dynasties in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, officials added titles What are they called Dr. Jinzi Guanglu, Doctor Yinqing Guanglu, the source is here. But at that time, they already had a rank, and the official seal was too big, and they would not wear it on their body except for those who wanted to exercise, let alone wear a ribbon); The ministers and prefects who are two thousand stones down have yellow ribbons with copper seals; the magistrates of Wanhu county with thousands of stones (those with less than ten thousand households are county magistrates) have black ribbons with wooden seals.There is nothing below. Its hierarchical system is strict and it is managed layer by layer, which has greater positive significance than the feudal state and state building of the previous enfeoffment system.

Third, Qin Law, characterized by heavy punishment for misdemeanors.You spit everywhere, hang up and beat. Let’s look at the economy again: first, the recognition of private ownership of land; second, the unification of weights and measures;The track is the distance between the wheels, the wheel spacing.Chidao is equivalent to today's national highway, why should we unify this?For example, there are several cars running parallel to each other in the current road repair, so your wheel spacing should be the same!Otherwise, the width and distance are different, and you have to buy insurance.

Cultural aspect: the book is the same as the text.Both Xiaozhuan and Lishu are used.This book with the same text and the previous car with the same track are the two great achievements of Qin Shihuang, who was talked about by later historians. He also used the text to represent the unity of the country. These two words are often seen in ancient documents and poems.Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved his capital to Luoyang and promulgated an imperial decree: "The country prospered from the northern land and moved to Pingcheng. , Che Shuben’s family.” Wan Yanliang, king of Hailing in the Jin Dynasty, conquered the Song Dynasty, and wrote a poem saying, “If thousands of miles of car books are mixed up, how can there be a different frontier in the south of the Yangtze River.” This means that it symbolizes the unity of the country.

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