Chapter 3 2. Change the soup but not the medicine

According to records, the last king of the Xia Dynasty was named Jie, who was a famous tyrant in legends. , Shang Tang raised troops, and ended Jie.The legendary Xia Dynasty, which lasted for 500 years, came to an end. The Shang Dynasty was established later, and the founding monarch was named Tang, Shang Tang.I don't know how he got his name, because the names of the monarchs of the Shang Dynasty are generally related to the heavenly stems. A, B, C, D, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Rengui are all named after this, such as Wu Ding, Zhong Ding and so on.Therefore, the founding monarch of the Shang Dynasty had a strange name. (In the Zhou Dynasty posthumous posthumous law, one of them was "removing the disabled and eliminating the abuse, called soup". Judging from Shang Tang's deeds, it is in line with it. I don't know if it is a posthumous title.)

The Shang Dynasty replaced the Xia Dynasty and became the new Central Plains Dynasty. It ruled in the north of Henan, the south of Hebei, and the west of Shandong. At first, it used Bo as its capital.In the middle of the Shang Dynasty, Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin, which is today's Anyang, Henan, so the Shang Dynasty was also called the Yin Dynasty.Why do you want to move the capital?There is a saying to avoid flooding.At that time, the Yellow River often flooded. Isn't the Yellow River our mother river?This argument now seems far-fetched.If the mother river always floods, why did it stop flooding when you moved there? There hasn’t been a flood in two hundred years?Obviously, it is not particularly reliable to look for the objective reasons and avoid the important ones.

A more reliable theory is that the real reason for moving the capital was because the competition for the throne in the Shang Dynasty was fierce.At this time, the Shang Dynasty also adopted the hereditary system of the throne to transfer power. There are two forms: one is that the father dies and the son succeeds, and the other is that the brothers end up with each other. Which form is better?Obviously, there are few conflicts between father and son, and there are many conflicts between brothers and brothers.For example, if I die, pass it on to my brother. If my brother dies, pass it on to his son or my son?He must want to pass it on to his son, so my son quit, why, you should return the chair my dad gave you, and then I will give it to your son after I finish sitting, and your son will give it to my grandson, it should be like this wheel.

Whoever occupies the throne and does not want to pass it down, the other party must not give up, no matter whether it is a chair or a sofa, they will start fighting openly and secretly.Therefore, the internal fighting among the royal families was very serious, resulting in frequent relocation of the capital, because one king killed another, and the capital had to be changed.Just after changing the place, he was killed by another king, and the capital had to be changed again, so he moved the capital frequently, and developed a good habit of moving in order to grab furniture. It is said that before Tang established the Shang Dynasty, he moved 8 times in the form of tribes, and moved the capital at least 5 times. At that time, there were no professional moving companies. Naturally, he would go to war every time, and he was probably exhausted, so he finally moved to Yin. I will not move anymore.

The Yin Dynasty also declined after several generations of development. Like the Xia Dynasty, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, King Zhou, was also a well-known tyrant. This King Zhou was more talented in doing bad things than King Jie of the Xia Dynasty, so When mentioning the ancient sages and sages in the past dynasties, people naturally think of Yao, Shun, Yu, and Tang.In fact, there are many emperors who are worse than Jie and Zhou, but Jie and Zhou started doing bad things earlier, and have become synonymous with bad guys over a long history.Usually when evaluating an emperor, if the emperor is innocent, he can be said to be like Jie and Zhou; if he is wise, he can be said to be comparable to Yao and Shun.If you fill in the blanks, Yao Shun and Jie Zhou can be used as antonyms.

The name of King Zhou was Di Xin, and "Zhou" was the posthumous title given to him by the Zhou Dynasty.At that time, the Duke of Zhou created the posthumous posthumous title: after the death of a monarch, later generations use one or two words to summarize the merits and demerits of his life. This thing is called posthumous title.Except for Qin Shihuang, who felt that it was unacceptable for sons to judge fathers and ministers to judge emperors, and thus abolished the posthumous title system, this system of posthumous titles was used from the Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.So almost every dynasty has Emperor Wen and Emperor Wu.Wen, Jingtianweidi said Wen.Wu, if you control disasters and chaos, you will call it Wu, if you are strong and straightforward, you will call it Wu.

The posthumous title is only fifty or so characters in total, and the emperor’s evaluation cannot go beyond this circle, so he has to find it in these fifty characters, so Zhou is the posthumous title given to him by the Zhou Dynasty: Killing innocents is Zhou. Posthumous names are generally divided into three categories: praise, criticism, and sympathy.Most of them are praise type, literary, military, moral, and scenery, these are all praise types.The critical type is like Zhou and Yang, like Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty.The sympathetic posthumous title is generally given to the emperor who succeeded at the age of two and abdicated at the age of three, or succeeded at the age of three and was killed at the age of four.Or like that of Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty: kindness and shortness are called Huai.As soon as he succeeded to the throne, he did nothing, but his father was wicked and brought in foreigners, and the little emperor died. This kind of situation is more sympathetic, but there are not many.