Chapter 53 Lingbao finally becomes a usurper

——Huan Xuan's Shattered Emperor's Dream Huanxuan, courtesy name Jingdao, also known as Lingbao, it is said that his biological mother, Ma Shi, saw a shooting star falling into a copper basin in the middle of the night and turned into a two-inch fire bead. She took it with a water ladle and swallowed it. Go down to Huanxuan.Therefore, Huanxuan's nickname was Lingbao.The people of Jin love the superstitious association, which must be a story based on rumors.But one thing is true——Huan Xuan has been handsome and intelligent since he was a child, and Huan Wen likes this son very much.Huan Wen had six sons, and at the end of his life, he ordered Huan Xuan to succeed him as the Duke of Nanjun.

When Huan Wen's one-year mourning period expired, all the former civil and military officials gathered in the mansion of Huan Wen's younger brother Huan Chong to say goodbye.Facing the staff members of the Manchu Mansion, Huan Chong stroked Huan Xuan's head, and said to the seven-year-old child: "These people are old officials of your family." The loving father burst into tears immediately, causing all the civil and military officials in the government to sigh. After growing up, Huan Xuan's appearance is magnificent, his wind spirit is clear and bright, he is involved in all kinds of music, chess, calligraphy and painting, and he writes good articles.Because the Eastern Jin court had always been suspicious of the Huan family's children, Huan Xuan was a "plain official" like the prince Xima when he was 23 years old, and he had no real power at all.

When Emperor Xiaowu was Emperor Xiaowu, Huan Xuan knew that his father Huan Wen had the idea of ​​usurpation in his later years, so he wrote a letter to the emperor saying that Huan Wen had "taken the opportunity to flatten Bashu in the west and Heluo in the north". The inexhaustible honor of "faint Liming, Yidai Ancestral Temple" was slandered by Qu Ming for his father.When he was frustrated, the young Huan Xuan once climbed high and looked far away, and sighed: "Father is the uncle of Kyushu, and son is the head of Wuhu." (At that time, he was the "little official" of the prefect of Yixing)

Relying on his family status and his father's reputation, Huan Xuan fought all over the world, using both civil and martial arts, and was able to win steadily in the chaotic political situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and wiped out Yin Zhongkan, Yang Quanqi, Liu Laozhi, Sima Daozi and his son step by step. , Finally mastered the highest power of the Eastern Jin court. After Huanxuan came to power, "the number of swordsmen increased to sixty, and the swords were worn in the palace, but they did not tend to enter the court, and they were not famous for their praises."At the same time, he added a big reward to the Huan clan: he made his brother Huan Wei the general of Anxi, the governor of Jingzhou, his cousin Huan Qian (son of Huan Chong) as the left servant, and the general of the Chinese army. Human rights), with his cousin Huan Shisheng (son of Huanhuo) as the former general and governor of Jiangzhou, and his cousin Huan Xiu (son of Huanchong) as the general of the right and governor of Xu and Yanzhou.At the same time, he appointed his counselor Bian Fanzhi as General Jianwu and Danyang Yin, and his brother-in-law Yin Zhongwen as his servant (this person is also Yin Zhongkan's cousin).

Like the ministers of power in the previous dynasties, Huanxuan went out of the town to Gushu after the major affairs were arranged, but all major government affairs in the court could only be implemented after he nodded, "minor matters are decided by Huan Qian and Bian Fanzhi". At the beginning of Huan Xuan's reign, he dismissed traitors and prostitutes, and promoted talents and talents. The people were pleased and the courtiers favored him.It didn't take long for the true face of the son of a famous family to be exposed, "I insulted the court, ostracized the prime minister, indulged in extravagance, and all affairs were prosperous, so the government and the public were disappointed, and people were uneasy about their careers."

Before long, Huan Xuan executed Gao Su, Zhu Qianzhi, Liu Xi and other generals under Liu Laozhi in the past. Dissidents were almost wiped out, and Huan Xuan "satiated the court" made himself the Duke of Yuzhang, with 7,500 households in the city.Then, he directed and acted on his own. First, he issued an imperial edict expressing the intention of "Northern Expedition to Yao Xing", and then sent someone to "issue an imperial edict to stop it", which exposed his frivolous habit of vanity and big talk. In Gushu, Huanxuan built several light boats, full of calligraphy, painting, antiques and strange things.Some people asked the reason, Huan Xuan said: "The war is in chaos, if there is an accident, these things can be transported easily." Everyone laughed when they heard it, and they all began to despise Huan Xuan in their hearts.

In September of the second year of Emperor An's Yuanxing (403), Huan Xuan's brother Huan Wei died of illness. Huan Xuan wanted to use his cousin Huan Xiu to take the post of governor of Jingzhou, but his subordinates blocked him, saying: "Brothers Huan Qian and Huan Xiu It is too powerful to rule only inside and outside." Therefore, Huan Xuan named his cousin Huan Shikang (the son of Huan Huo) as the governor of Jingzhou. When his elder brother died of illness, Huan Xuan also accelerated the pace of usurping the Jin Dynasty.His confidantes Bian Fanzhi, Yin Zhongwen and others secretly advised him to accept Jin Chan as soon as possible, and he had already prepared the Jiuxiwen and the book of orders in private.On Bingzi in October of the lunar calendar in the second year of Yuanxing, the Jin court took Huanxuan as the prime minister, with Baikui in charge, ten prefectures, the king of Chu, plus Jiuxi, and the Chu state appointed officials below the prime minister.Conferring the king, opening the mansion, setting up officials, and adding Jiuxi are the first steps in usurping the throne.

Huan Qian privately asked Liu Yu, the internal historian of Pengcheng, who came to the capital to report on his work: "The king of Chu (Huan Xuan) has made great achievements and virtues. The whole court thinks that there will be abdication. What do you think?" Liu Yu immediately said: "King Chu, the son of Duke Huanxuan (Wen), has great honor and virtue, the Jin family has declined, and the popularity of the people has changed. Why not take advantage of the Chan Dynasty!" Huan Qian was overjoyed: "If you say yes, you can hear it!" In fact, long before coming to Beijing, Liu Yu and Gao Shen He Wuji wanted to raise troops in Shanyin to challenge Huanxuan, but the local Kong Jing advised him: "Shanyin is far away from Jiankang, and it is difficult to accomplish anything. Now that Huanxuan has not To usurp the throne, it is better to wait for him to usurp the throne and set up troops in Jingkou." What Liu Yu is looking forward to is the day when Huanxuan's usurpation of the throne will be completed.His heroic demeanor is naturally different from that of ordinary people.

In November, Huanxuan hypocritically "please return to the vassal", and at the same time, he sent someone to ask the big fool Andi to "retain him". Huanxuan also asked people to spread the "furui" such as Qiantang Linpinghukai and Jiangzhou Ganlujiang everywhere, declaring the "auspicious omen" of his ascension to the throne.Like Wang Mang, Huan Xuan, who was born as a talented scholar, wanted to waste money and use grain and silk as an exchange unit in China to restore corporal punishment. Like the great greed in ancient and modern times, Huan Xuan likes ancient calligraphy, books, famous houses, and fertile fields.As long as he hears that other people have something he likes, he will invite the other party to the mansion and take it as his own by gambling.Just imagine, if you gamble with Huan Xuan, who would dare not lose?Huan Xuan "especially loves pearls and jade, and never leaves his hands." For several generations, the noble sons actually held the precious jewelry in the palm of their hands every day, and couldn't stop playing with them.

All the work was ready. In 403 A.D., Ding Chou in November of the lunar calendar, Bian Fan wrote the "Zen Edict", and sent Linchuan King Sima Bao to force Emperor Andi to copy it according to cats and tigers. Zen is located in Huanxuan. ".In the twelfth month of Gengyin, Huan Xuan built an altar on Mount Jiujing.Renchen, succeeding the emperor, pursued Huan Wen as Emperor Xuanwu, Huan Wen's wife, Princess Nankang, Queen Xuanwu, and named his son Huansheng King Yuzhang. After succeeding to the throne, of course the yuan must be changed.Huanxuan liked auspicious characters, so he changed the Yuan to "Jianshi". Under the imperial edict, Youzhi Wang Youzhi hurriedly said that "Jianshi" was the year name used by Zhao Wang Sima Lun to usurp the throne in the "Eight Kings Rebellion".Huanxuan immediately ordered to change it to "Yongshi", but this year name was also the ominous year name when the treacherous Wang Mang was in power in the Western Han Dynasty.In the dark, it seems that the end of the collapse of the Huanxuan regime has been foreshadowed.

Then, Huanxuan issued an imperial edict to make Emperor An the king of Pinggu, and moved him to Xunyang for house arrest.This move was considered kind, and Huan Xuan did not slaughter Sima's clan and Andi's brothers. After the change of dynasty was over, Huanxuan's guard of honor set out from Gushu and headed for Jiankang Palace.The wind was abnormal that day, and all the guard of honor flags were blown off and scattered.Before Huan Xuan ascended the throne, the dragon's chair suddenly collapsed, and the courtiers were panic-stricken.Fortunately, Yin Zhongwen had a good idea, and hurriedly said: "Your Majesty's holiness is so profound that the earth cannot contain it." The flattering of intellectuals is just right and proper.Huan Xuan was very happy. In the evening, the ministers were invited to a banquet. In the inner hall of Huan Xuan, the tents were decorated with gold eaves, four carved wooden golden dragons, feather covers and tassels, which was extremely luxurious.But the ministers said to each other in private: "This tent is quite like the 'Xiangai' built by Wang Mang when he usurped the throne. Those who are golden dragons, and the dragons have regrets, are all ominous signs!" In order to show his image as a benevolent lord, Huan Xuan sat in the palace to interrogate the criminals in person as the emperor, and released them all regardless of the severity of the crime, to show his "lenient benevolence".Among the common people, there were quite a few people who stopped the public in the street and called them poor, and Huan Xuan gave them gold and silver from time to time, doing this small favor to confuse people's hearts.At the same time, he is strict in nature and likes to show off his great knowledge. Even slight mistakes in strokes will be marked out by the emperor with the imperial brush, "must be corrected to show his wisdom".Therefore, the emperor is like an official, and his subjects are miserable.Huanxuan "does everything by himself", inserting one leg in the east and one in the west, acting as an official himself, and writing regulations in hand, which eventually led to the death of discipline, piles of cases, and ineffective laws and regulations. Huanxuan was so ostentatious that he opened the gates of all the halls of Jiankang, rebuilt the wide roads, and built a large chariot that could accommodate 3,000 people, and was drawn by 200 people (it can be included in the Guinness Book of Records).He also likes to go hunting, so he made an extremely exquisite "Wandering Yu", which has many organs and flexible rotation, which is almost the ancient version of a modern car.At the same time, Huanxuan played and sang songs day and night, and feasted endlessly. Even when he was in mourning for his brother, he "not abolished music".Due to the frequent construction, heavy corvees, and strict supervision, the people were distressed and confused. It is strange to say that after Huanxuan usurped the throne, there were very few guards in the Eastern Jin Dynasty who raised troops immediately. Only Yizhou governor Mao Chu (the grandson of Mao Bao, a famous general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) refused to accept the order, and spread the news to the surroundings. . In order to win over the courtiers and generals, Huan Xuan paid special attention to Liu Yu, promoted him to be the governor of Xuyan Erzhou, and personally toasted him at the grand reception after the court meeting. Huanxuan's empress, Liu Shi, had the insight to learn from others, and said to her husband: "Liu Yu is walking like a tiger, and his vision is extraordinary. I am afraid that he will not be inferior to others. It is better to get rid of him early!" Huanxuan refused, and said: "I am about to pacify the Central Plains, and only Liu Yu can be used as a hero. When Guan and Luo are pacified, I will think of a way to get rid of him." Liu Yu returned to Jingkou, just like letting the tiger go back to the mountain.He immediately conspired with He Wuji and others to rejuvenate the Jin Dynasty and crusade against Huanxuan.At the same time, Liu Yi, the younger brother of Liu Mai, the prefect of Jingling, also participated in the conspiracy.The idea has been made, Liu Yu sent people to Beijing to contact, and recruited troops, with Liu Muzhi as the master book.In the spring of 404 A.D., He Wuji pretended to be an imperial emissary, and led his men to open the city gate of Jingkou. Liu Mai, Liu Yi's brother, was cowardly. After receiving the secret letter from Liu Yu and others in the capital, he was overly frightened and "surrendered himself" to Huan Xuan with the secret letter in his hand.Huanxuan was shocked, and made Liu Mai Marquis of Chong'an, and beheaded Wang Yuande, Tong Houzhi and others who had connections with Liu Yu.The next day, Huan Xuan thought it wrong and killed Liu Mai again.Liu Mai, the Marquis, should be wronged, but only twelve hours. Seeing the chaos in the world, Huan Xuan had no choice but to bite the bullet and deal with it.He took his cousin Huan Qian as the governor of the conquest, and his brother-in-law Yin Zhongwen as the commander of Huan Xiu's army, and sent his powerful generals Wu Fuzhi and Huangfu Fu to lead the troops to resist Liu Yu.Huan Qian and others demanded to gather an army immediately to preemptive strikes, but Huan Xuan refused to follow, citing prudence. Seeing Huanxuan's brows furrowed and his face full of worry, his left and right persuaded him: "Liu Yu's mob is bound to fail, why should your Majesty be so worried?" Huanxuan was insightful at this time: "Liu Yuzu is the hero of the whole life, Liu Yi's family has no savings, and the scorpion (a kind of game) throws millions, and He Wuji is exactly like his uncle (Liu Laozhi). These three people have made great achievements together. What is futile!" Sure enough, Huan Xuan's crow's mouth is very sharp.Huangfufu and Wu Fu's two generals fought hard against Liu Yu in Jiangcheng (now Jurong, Jiangsu), but they were all beheaded and the whole army was wiped out.At this time, Liu Yu actually had only less than 2,000 soldiers under his command. Hearing the news of the death of the second general, Huan Xuan was frightened.He ordered Huan Qian, Bian Fanzhi and others to form a combined army of 20,000 troops to defend Fuzhou Mountain (near Taiping Gate in Nanjing today).If you don't advance or retreat, Huanxuan will be defeated. Liu Yujun ate his fill in the morning and discarded the rest of the food to show that he must die.At the foot of Fuzhou Mountain, Liu Yu first sent weak soldiers to climb the mountain with more flags, thinking that the suspicious soldiers would scare the enemy.Then, the army was divided into countless small teams, and several roads went side by side, covering the valley.Huanxuan got the report, thinking that Liu Yu "soldiers are everywhere, and there are countless people." Most of the sergeants under Huan Qian's command were former Beifu soldiers, and most of them had been commanded by Liu Yu before.At the beginning of the attack, Liu Yu and Liu Yi took the lead, and all the soldiers under them rushed forward in a deadly battle.Huanqian's army was defeated for a while, and many former Beifu soldiers surrendered without a fight. As for Huan Xuan, while sending Huan Qian and others to fight, he was ready to escape, and asked Yin Zhongwen to reserve several large boats near the dock city.Upon receiving the news of Huan Qian's defeat, Huan Xuan led thousands of troops and took his two children, son Huan Sheng and nephew Huan Jun, to flee from Nanyemen in the name of going to war. On the way, Hu Fan, Huan Xuan's former subordinate, buckled his horse and advised him to lead the rest of the army to a decisive battle with Liu Yu.Huan Xuan pointed at the sky (to the effect of "heaven will kill me"), whipped his horse and walked away, ran to the pier, got on the boat and ran away.Due to the haste of fleeing, everyone did not eat for a day. At night, a bowl of coarse rice was presented to the left and right. Huan Xuan was so frightened that he couldn't swallow it.His son, Huan Sheng, was only six years old, "holding his chest and caressing it" to comfort the sad "father".Huan Xuan was "overwhelmed with grief". Liu Yu entered Jiankang, burned Huan Wen, and killed all the clans of the Huan family who had not escaped in time. Huanxuan fled to Xunyang, took the deposed emperor Jin'an and others with him, and "moved the capital" to Jiangling.In one month, the power has recovered, there are 20,000 people, "the buildings and boats are very rich."So far, if he sums up the lessons of failure and takes a break to raise his troops, Huan Xuan still has the possibility of a comeback.However, he complained that the generals were incompetent and killed in light anger, which made the subordinates leave their complaints. Huan Xuan directly connected to the defeat report.Huan Zhen (nephew of Huan Xuan Tang), Guo Quan, He Danzhi, Guo Xu and others were all defeated.Unhappy, Huan Xuan led 200 warships, led by Fu Hong and Yang Sengshou, to Zhengrongzhou (now on the Ezhou River in Hubei Province) to fight Liu Yujun. At that time, Huanxuan's army had many ships and strong ships, and Liu Yu's army had only a few thousand men.But Huan Xuan was timid, and before the battle, he docked two small boats beside the command ship to facilitate escape.Everyone knows that they have no fighting spirit. The two sides are at war.Sergeant Liu Yu took advantage of the wind to set fire, and rushed to kill them desperately.Huanxuan's army was defeated and fled overnight by burning their luggage.Generals Guo Quan and Yin Zhongwen of the Huan Xuan Department surrendered one after another. Huan Xuan fled back to Jiangling, and his general Feng Gai persuaded him to go out of the city and resume the war.Huanxuan broke his courage and refused to follow. He wanted to leave Hanchuan and defected to Huanxi, the governor of Liangzhou.During the chaos, when Huan Xuan rode out of the city gate on horseback, he was attacked by the left and right guards in the city gate. At that time, Mao Fan, the governor of Yizhou, died of illness. His grandson Mao Youzhi and Fei Yue, who had joined the army, were sent back to Jiangling for the funeral. There were more than 200 people in his party.Mao Xiuzhi, the lieutenant of the Tunqi School next to Huan Xuan, was Mao Xiuzhi's nephew. Seeing that the general situation was over, he wanted to use Huan Xuan as a bargaining chip for his success, so he persuaded Huan Xuan to enter Shu.Huan Xuan followed it. This Huan Xuan deserved to die too.Since he proclaimed himself emperor, it was Mao Chu who first advocated the banner of righteousness to attack him. When he was in crisis, he actually listened to the Mao clan and went to die by himself. Mao Xiuzhi had already greeted Mao Youzhi and others.Huan Xuan and his party foolishly spread their sails and sailed towards the Yizhou military ship.Seeing that the distance was not far away, Mao Youzhi ordered his men to shoot arrows to meet Huan Xuan.Mao Xiuzhi took the opportunity to dive into the water and escape.The arrows fell like rain, the two eunuchs beside Huan Xuan were really loyal and brave, they covered Huan Xuan with their bodies, but they were shot like hedgehogs and died immediately.Just like that, Huan Xuan was still hit by several arrows, bleeding profusely.His six-year-old son, Huan Sheng, was weeping as he pulled the arrow from his father's body with his little hands. A small leader named Feng Qian among the Yizhou burial guards was very brave. He was the first to jump to the bow of Huanxuan's boat and straight forward with his knife in hand.Huan Xuan endured the great pain, pulled out the priceless jade guide on his head, handed it to Feng Qian, and asked, "Who are you, dare to kill the emperor!" The author estimates that one reason is that he has a son by his side, and the other reason is that he is completely desperate. Feng Qian yelled: "I'm here to kill the emperor's thief ear!" With a swing of the knife, Huan Xuan's head fell, and he was thirty-six years old.Huan Shikang and Huan Jun who were on the same boat were killed by Feng Qian.Although Huan Sheng was a child, his bearing was exactly like that of his father and his ancestors. Seeing the heads of his father, uncle, and cousin rolling around, and the enemies boarding the ship, he remained calm and said, "I am the king of Yuzhang, and all the troops should not be killed." Although Yizhou's generals were tyrannical, they didn't dare to do anything when they saw such a little baby carved in powder and jade behaving like this.After the child was sent to Jiangling, he was also beheaded in the city by Liu Yu's order. Regarding Huan Qian and Huan Zhen, the Andi brothers are still in their hands.Hearing the news of Huan Xuan's death, Huan Zhen raised his sword, broke into the residence of Emperor An of Jin, and shouted at Emperor An angrily: "How can a minister be responsible for the country, but if he is slaughtered!" Emperor An was a fool, staring blankly at Huan Zhen, unable to utter a word.But his younger brother Sima Dewen hurriedly bowed to Huan Zhen and said, "This is my brother's intention!" Huan Zhen was a little annoyed. Soon after hearing that the jade boy Huan Sheng had been killed in the downtown area again, Huan Zhen was very angry and wanted to kill the brothers of Emperor An, so he bitterly advised Huan Qian. Huan Zhen was the son of Huan Shiqian, Huan Wen's nephew.Huan Shiqian was nicknamed Suppressing Evil. When he was young, the generals shot tigers. They joked that Huan Shiqian pulled out arrows. The little hero actually pulled out several arrows from the wounded and angry tiger.When Huan Wen entered the pass to attack Fu Jian, Huan Shiqian rushed into the army of ten thousand people in the former Qin Dynasty on his own and rescued his uncle Huan Chong who was besieged. "The three armies sighed and shook the enemy".Huan Zhen has his father's style, resolute and daring to fight, but he is tyrannical.Seeing that Huan Xuan and Huan Sheng were dead, Huan Zhen and his uncle Huan Qian re-elected Emperor An as the governor of Jingzhou. Because of Huan Zhen's bravery, the general Lu Zongzhi sent by Liu Yu was defeated.Before long, Liu Yi and others defeated Huan Xuan's general Feng Gai, Huan Qian fled, and everyone welcomed Emperor An anyway. Huanzhen packed up the defeated army and attacked Jiangling again. He won the defeat, and he was able to defeat Sima Xiuzhi (the younger brother of Sima Shang, the king of Qiao) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.In the end, there were only dozens of people left around Huan Zhen, and they still fought the Jin general Suo Miao at Shaqiao. "Although (Huan) Zhen has few soldiers, he fights vigorously from both left and right. Every time he joins, (Huan) Zhen fights with anger and eyes, and no one dares to be a man."It is probably because he knew in his heart that the end of the day was poor, and after several battles in Huanzhen, he used wine as water, drank heavily, and then rushed out of drunkenness.The Jin army fired all their arrows, and Huan Zhen was hit by several arrows, but he still charged forward without fear.In the end, the brave general of the Huan family also died on the battlefield. Huan Qian heard that Huanzhen was defeated and fled to the Later Qin Dynasty.Later, he entered Shu again, fought against Jin with Qiao Zong and others, and was killed by Jin generals. Among the relatives of the Huan family, only Huan Yin, the grandson of Huan Chong, was pardoned and moved to Xin'an under house arrest.However, Yin Zhongwen and others "rebelled" in the future and wanted to make Huan Yin the heir of Huan Xuan.When the incident happened, Huan Yin was also killed by the Jin court.Huan's family disappeared in smoke. Sun En was in chaos and Huan Xuan died again, but Guo Zuo in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was about to come to an end.