Chapter 41 lament the unfinished business of a hero
——The final ending of Huan Wen
After Huanwen Fangtou's defeat, he couldn't poop out of the latrine and blamed others. He told the court that it was because Yuan Zhen didn't open the Shimen waterway that the Jin army lost the way of retreat on the water, and the court wanted the court to punish him.Of course Yuan Zhen refused to accept it, thinking that Huan Wen had framed him, and he also made a statement about "expressing (Huan) Wen's crimes".The Jin court was noncommittal.Although Huan Wen was defeated, the military and political power was still concentrated in his hands, so the Jin court did not dare to express its position at all.In a rage, Yuan Zhen surrendered to Qianyan in Shouchun City.
Huan Wen was so angry that he raised his troops and advanced. It took nearly a year to regain Shouchun in the sixth year of Taihe (371). Adviser Zhu Fu and others.
After conquering Shouchun, Huan Wen asked Xi Chao, who joined the army, "Is this campaign enough to be ashamed of Xuefangtou?"
Xi Chao is Huan Wen's closest confidant who is like a roundworm in his belly, so of course he knows that the lord has hidden meaning.Soon after, the two had a secret conversation at night, and Xi Chao said: "Duke Ming is the most important task in the world. Today, in his 60th year, he was defeated by Fangtou, and he has not achieved immortal honor. If you can't do great things, it's not enough to shock the hearts of the people of the world."
"What can I do?" Huan Wen asked knowingly.
"Duke Ming, if you don't do what Yi Yin and Huo Guang did (meaning to abolish the old emperor and establish a new emperor), you will not be able to establish authority."
Huan Wen nodded repeatedly.Originally, he wanted to return to Jiangdong to receive Jiuxi after the Northern Expedition was victorious, and then take Jin to replace him.Unexpectedly, after a big defeat, Jiu Xi couldn't talk about it, and the steps to usurp the promotion had to be slowed down.After much deliberation, he could only take the move of abolishing Emperor Sima Yi.
Sima Yi was also unlucky.This emperor had not been on the throne for a long time, and he had always paid homage to Huan Wen, and most of the administrative power was in the hands of ministers such as King Sima Yu of Kuaiji, without any fault.If there was a mistake, it was because he was sitting on the emperor's seat.
In November 371 A.D., Huan Wen reported that Sima Yi had always been impotent and had no sexual function, and that he had been with his favorites Xianglong, Ji Hao, and Zhu Lingbao when he was in the vassal prince's seat. The three engaged in homosexuality, claiming that the three sons born to Sima Yi and his concubine were actually the best of the three men, and said that Sima Yi wanted to make these "bastards" as the heirs of the emperor, "to establish a prince and establish a king, and to overthrow them." Tiki".At the same time, Huan Wen and Xi Chao also sent people to spread gossip among the people.
At the end of 371 A.D., Huan Wen personally led his troops back to Jiankang, and sent someone to send a message to the Empress Dowager to abolish Sima Yi, make Sima Yu, the youngest son of the Yuan Emperor and king of Kuaiji, the emperor, and write the imperial edict written in the name of the Empress Dowager. The manuscript was sent to Chu.
At that time, Empress Dowager Chu was worshiping Buddha in the Buddhist hall. Seeing someone present Da Sima "Jizhuo", she got up quickly, glanced casually at the door of the Buddhist hall, and said to the visitor: "I suspected this at first." The empress dowager knew well that the Jin family was not prosperous, the powerful ministers were heavy, and Sima Yi was not her own, so it would be useless to stop him, so she might as well push the boat along.Empress Dowager Chu took a pen and wrote the number on the cursive: "The widow (Empress Chu claims to be) suffers from all kinds of worries, and his gratitude is gone, and his heart is like a cut." This means that he agrees with the abolition of the establishment.
In ancient China, abolishing the emperor was a huge matter. No matter how powerful Huan Wen was, he had to follow the "order" of the queen mother.Before submitting the imperial edict, Huan Wen was afraid that the Empress Dowager Chu would have objections, "Sweating in terror can be seen in the color".Seeing that the edict was signed and approved by the Queen Mother Chu, Huan Wen was overjoyed.
In 371 A.D., on the fifteenth day of Yiyou in the lunar calendar, Huan Wen gathered all the officials in the court hall to announce the Queen Mother's abolition and establishment.In the Jin Dynasty, such a thing had not been experienced before, "If anyone knows the old man, all officials will tremble. (Huan) Wen is also emotionally moved, and he doesn't know what to do."This is a good time, the major event has been decided, and no one knows the procedure for abolishing the establishment.However, Wang Biaozhi, the left servant of the Shangshu, knew that the matter was irreversible, so he suggested that according to the story of Huo Guang abolishing the Changyi king and establishing the Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty in the "Hanshu", we should now take the "Hanshu" and "learn from the scriptures", announce the edict of the Queen Mother, and abolish Sima Yi was the king of the East China Sea (after a year, he was reduced to the Duke of Haixi), and Sima Yu, the king of Kuaiji, inherited the imperial line as Emperor Jianwen.
The deposed emperor Sima Yi "went down to the west hall in a white coat and single clothes, and left the gate of the beast in a small cart. All the officials paid their respects, and all of them sighed."It can be seen that the emperor Sima Yi is not bad.The deposed emperor was quickly sent to Wu County to be under strict supervision. At the end of the second year of Xian'an, someone falsely claimed that there was a secret edict from the queen mother, and Sima Yi was welcome to raise an incident and return to the palace for restoration.At first Sima Yi was moved, but thanks to the persuasion of his nanny, he didn't dare to act rashly.The people who came to kidnap Sima Yi as a cover for rioting were very anxious, saying: "The big event is about to succeed, how can you listen to a woman's words?" Emperor Fei replied: "I offended this, fortunately the court forgives me, how dare I act recklessly. If the Empress Dowager has an edict to restore me, an envoy should come, but you are the only one who came here without proof, you must want to make trouble." Seeing the incident, the visitor hurriedly fled.Since then, Sima Yi has been "deeply thinking about unexpected disasters, but Du Sai is smart and has no thoughts and no worries".Therefore, the fortune-telling of the deposed emperor lived for another fifteen years before he died of illness at the age of forty-five.
If you don't do it, you won't stop.After Huan Wen abolished Sima Yi, he also said that Sima Xi, the elder brother of Emperor Jianwen, the king of Wuling, conspired with his son and Yuan Zhen to commit misdeeds, removed him from the position of grand minister, and abandoned him at home.In addition, Huan Wen hated the powerful Yin and Yu families in the court, and forced Sima Huang, the new clan king of Cai, to "surrender himself" and sue Yin Hao's son Yin Juan and Yu Liang's younger brother Yu Yi's three sons Yu Yun, Yu Bing, and Yu Yi. Qian and others conspired against each other and killed all those involved.
Yin Haoshao and Huan Wen were as famous as Huan Wen. When they became adults, they fought for power. Yin Hao failed and died of illness in the countryside.Huan Wen sent people to hang sacrifices, but Yin Juan didn't answer, which offended Huan Wen.However, the Yu family has had old friendship with Huan's sons and fathers since Yu Liang and Huan Yi, and Yu Yi once recommended Huan Wen to Emperor Jin and Ming at a critical moment, and killed several members of the Yu family. It must have been a little too extreme.
After the "major event" was completed, Huan Wen's abolition of the establishment and the murder of people really achieved great results.Attendant Xie An saw Huan Wen from a distance, and hurriedly knelt down to pay respects.Huan Wen was also surprised when he saw the famous man's move, so he asked, "An Shi, why do you show me such a courtesy?" They all worshiped Huan Wen as the emperor.
Although Xi Chao, who joined Huan Wen's army, had a low official position, all the officials in the court knew that he was the chief think tank of the great Sima, and they "were all afraid of him".Xie An once went to Xichao's mansion with Wang Tanzhi, the general of the left guard, to pay a visit. Due to the large number of fawning and flattering people, the two waited from morning to noon, but it was not their turn to be interviewed.Young Master Wang couldn't bear it anymore and wanted to leave by car.Xie An hurriedly grabbed Wang Tanzhi's sleeve and begged, "Could it be that you can't endure for a while longer for the sake of the clan's life?"
Sima Yu, Emperor Jian Wen who was newly supported by Huan Wen, was named Dao Wan, the youngest son of Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.This person "has little demeanor, is kind and restrained, pays attention to classics, does not care about where he lives, and fills the seats with dust, and is as exquisite as he is." He is a beautiful and elegant master of mysticism.Such a person, although calm in spirit, has no courage to help the world.Therefore, after assuming the throne, Sima Yu was "always afraid of being dethroned", and he was just pretending to be an emperor.Xie An's evaluation of this shadow emperor was very appropriate, and he believed that Emperor Jian Wen was like Emperor Hui, but he was slightly better than Emperor Hui in terms of clear talk.
Emperor Jian Wen didn't have any good fortune. He had only been emperor for more than a year before he became terminally ill.When he was dying, the Jin court issued four urgent edicts one day and one night, calling Huan Wen to the court to assist the government. "(Huan) Wen Ci can't come."Reluctantly, Emperor Jian Wen forced himself to support his illness, and wrote to Huan Wen personally, asking the great Sima to act as the government official "with the story of Zhou Gongju", and said that "the youngest son can be assisted, if not, the king will take it himself".
But Wang Tanzhi, the attendant, withheld the letter and tore it up in front of Emperor Jian Wen's bed, saying: "The world belongs to Emperor Xuan and Emperor Yuan. How can you give it to whomever you want, Your Majesty?" Emperor Jian Wen knew that Wang Tan was loyal. , Let Wang Tanzhi change the content of the imperial edict as follows: "Family and state affairs are reported to Da Sima, such as the stories of Zhuge Wuhou and Prime Minister Wang (Wang Dao)."
At that time, the officials in the court did not dare to support the prince Sima Changming as the new emperor immediately, and wanted to wait for Huan Wen to return to the court before making a decision.Shangshu Zuopu shot Wang Biaozhi's decision in the face of danger, thinking that it was only natural for the emperor to collapse and the prince to be replaced, and immediately supported the young Sima Changming as emperor, as Emperor Xiaowu.The Empress Dowager Chu had originally issued an edict ordering Huan Wen to travel to Zhou Gongju to photograph the story (that is, to appoint Huan Wen as the "acting emperor"), but Wang Tanzhi remonstrated.
As for Huan Wen, he always took it for granted that Emperor Jian Wen would voluntarily abdicate the throne to him when he was about to die, and even if he did not, he would act as regent with the courtesy of Duke Zhou.As a result, after reading the imperial edict of Emperor Wen Bi Jianwen, he learned that neither of the two things could be accomplished, and that the crown prince had already succeeded, Huan Wen was extremely angry.He believed that Wang Tanzhi and Xie An were the hindrances, and he hated them deeply, which was manifested in color.
In March of the first year of Emperor Xiaowu Ningkang (373), Huan Wenti's army entered the court to build Kang.At that time, people in the capital were turbulent, and it was widely rumored that Huan Wen entered Beijing to punish the king and Xie clans, and moved the Jin Ding to replace them.
After hearing the rumors, Wang Tanzhi was extremely frightened, while Xie An remained calm.The Jin court issued an imperial edict ordering Baiguanjiao to welcome Da Sima Huanwen to Xinting.Wang Tanzhi was afraid of losing his life, so he wanted to refuse to go.Xie An persuaded: "Jin Zuo's survival depends on this trip."
From Huanwen to Xinting, the Jin court "all officials worshiped on the side of the road".Chen Bingwei, Huanwen, received hundreds of officials one by one. "All those who are famous are trembling." Wang Tanzhi "sweats on his clothes, and holds the hand plate upside down." Only Xie An "seats calmly".
Everyone sat down. Xie An was indeed a celebrity. He smiled and said to Huan Wen: "I heard that the princes have the way and guard their neighbors. Why do you have to arrange so many soldiers behind the surrounding walls!"
Huan Wen was also impressed by Xie An's peaceful attitude, and replied with a smile, "I have to do this!" He ordered the soldiers with sharp knives to withdraw from behind the wall.
Xie An used to be an official under Huan Wen, the great general Sima, and the two were considered "old friends".So far, the two chatted, recalled old friends, and laughed.
In the evening, Huan Wen summoned Xie An and Wang Tanzhi alone to discuss state affairs.Xi Chaoyi Huanwen arranged to hide in the tent in the house and eavesdrop on the conversation of the three.The wind blows and the tent is opened, and one glimpse of Xi Chao eavesdropping with his butt pouted, Xie An smiled and said, "Xi Sheng can be called the guest of honor."
It is precisely because of the calmness and calmness of Xie An and others that the Jin family was able to survive under the chaotic situation of strong officials outside and young masters inside.
After staying in Jiankang for fourteen days, Huan Wen's old illness relapsed, so he returned to Gushu with his troops.When he was dying, Huan Wen kept sending people to tell the imperial court to add Jiuxi to him, and he really wanted to have an emperor's addiction before he died.
Xie An and Wang Tanzhi did not dare to refuse directly, so they ordered Yuan Hong to draft an imperial edict to add Huan Wen Jiuxi.Yuan Hong made it up and showed it to Wang Tanzhi.Wang Tanzhi lamented the beauty of his writing, but said: "Qing is a great talent, and you can show it to others!" When Xie An saw the imperial edict, he also changed it randomly, so the imperial edict could not be issued.Yuan Hong gradually saw the clues, so he secretly asked Wang Tanzhi what he was going to do.Wang Tanzhi said: "I heard that Huan Wen's illness is getting worse every day, so I don't think there will be much delay. The edict of Jiuxi can be delayed as long as it can."
The edict was delayed again and again, but Huan Wen couldn't wait to see "Jiuxi".In 373 A.D., on Yihai Day, the seventh month of the lunar calendar, General Huan died of illness at the age of sixty-two.The Jin court buried him with Huo Guangzhi's ceremony and presented it to the prime minister.
Before Huan Wen died, he led the crowd with his younger brother Huan Chong.Huan Wen's eldest son Huan Xi and his younger brother Huan Ji refused to accept it and wanted to murder their uncle Huan Chong.Huan Chong knew his plan in advance, secretly arrested the two incompetent nephews, and played Huan Wen's youngest son, Huan Xuan, who was only six years old at the time, was the heir of Huan Wen, and he was granted the title of Duke of Nanjun.
Huan Wen had six sons.Huanxi and Huanji failed to kill their uncles, so they were sent to Changsha for "life imprisonment"; the third son Huan Xin died early; the fourth son Huan Yi was born a fool; Honest, clear and bright official, successively served as General Anxi, Governor of Jingzhou, etc., died of illness around the age of thirty; Huan Xuan, the sixth son of Xijue, was the most famous, and once proclaimed himself emperor, but it eventually led to the end of the Huan clan's clan.
Although Huan Chong was the younger brother of Huan Wen, he was gentle and honest, and he asked himself to be relieved of his important position, and he took up Yangzhou as a foreigner, and handed over the power of the court to Xie An.Later, Fu Jian invaded the south, and Zhu Xu, the surrendered general of the Jin Dynasty, was originally recommended by Huan Chong.When Zhu Xu descended to Qin, Huan Chong was "ashamed and uneasy". After the Feishui battle, Zhu Xu shouted "Qin army is defeated" before the battle, and returned to the Jin Dynasty after his meritorious service.Huan Chong was even more ashamed and resentful for this. In addition, he had been sick all the time, and he fell ill and died at the age of fifty-seven when the Eastern Jin Dynasty was victorious.The Jin court gifted Huanchong Taiwei with posthumous posthumous title Xuanmu.A kind and good person is also considered a good death.
According to historical records, when Huan Wen was seriously ill, Huan Chong asked his elder brother how to "deal with" Xie An and Wang Tanzhi after his death. "(Huan) Wen said: 'The canal will not be punished by you.'" From this, the historians thought self-righteously: Huan Wen thought he was alive, and the king and Xie must not dare to disagree; Xie Youfei was not something Huan Chong could fear.If the king and Xie were killed, it would be of no benefit to Yu Huanchong, let alone the hope of the time - such a conjecture is completely inferred by Huan Wen as a rebellious minister.
When a person is about to die, his words are also kind.In the end, Huan Wen is also a hero who grows old and dies with worries.If he really wanted to usurp him, like Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, he would definitely kill Xie An and others.In the arena of political wrestling, power and power follow each other, people are in favor, and people are killed, so what can "Shiwang" do to me!However, history cannot assume that we should only assume from the standpoint of public loyalty that Huan Wen finally put the overall situation first and reserved important political talents for the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Otherwise, when Emperor Fu Jian's army of millions came to the enemy in the future, there would be no Xie Anshi "talking and laughing for the king, Hu Sha".
The feudal historian who always regarded himself as orthodox, also expressed admiration for Huan Wen's conquest of Shu and his historical achievements in the first and second Northern Expeditions:
Huan Wen has the leisurely spirit of being a hero, and the genius of civil and military affairs.At that time, the jackal Kong Chi, with many dangers on the battlefield, was sent to Qiancheng, and used to restore his power, he overcame the dangers and obstacles, conquered Min'e, and achieved unique achievements, which can be called.As well as observing the soldiers in Luorui, repairing the royal tomb, attracting the suburbs of Qin, and arrogating the three assistants, although they failed to eliminate the evil, it was enough to proclaim the spirit of the king.
Huan Wen was thrifty by nature, and although he was a powerful emperor, every time he had a banquet, he "only served seven teas and fruits."This general admired only two people in his life. One was Liu Kun who resisted Qianghu in the Bingzhou area at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the other was the late general Wang Dun.After the first Northern Expedition, Huan Wen brought back an "ingenious old maid" from the north, who was Liu Kun's former courtesan.When the old lady saw Huan Wen, she burst into tears.Huan Wen asked the reason, and the old lady replied, "You look a lot like Liu Sikong." Huan Wen was overjoyed, and went back to the house to dress up, put on a crown, and called the old lady to ask him for details.
"The face is so similar, but I hate it thin; the eyes are so similar, I hate it small; the beard is so similar, I hate it red; the shape is so similar, I hate it short; the voice is so similar, I hate female." The old lady is so funny, there are Jin people in her words Deep sense of humor.
Huan Wen heard the words, "Take off the crown and take off the belt, and fall asleep in a coma, and those who are not happy for several days."From this great hero's disappointment, we can see his sincerity.
In his later years, when Huan Wen passed by Wang Dun's tomb, he was moved with emotion, and even called Wang Dun: "Your person! Your person!"
Wang Dun and Huan Wen have many similarities: both are heroic youths, both are prince consorts, both are great generals, both are bold and heroic, both have outstanding accomplishments, both have the desire to usurp in their later years, and both have the same ambition. It is the failure of the great cause, and the death of illness.Therefore, Shi Chen listed the two "generals" in the same biography, which also has its own official history.
The most regrettable thing is that General Huan was neither able to establish a foundation and become famous forever, nor was he able to usurp the country and be infamous for thousands of years.After Cao Cao, Sima Yi, and Gao Huan died, they could still be the founding emperors underground.As for Huan Wen, he had only eaten cold pork from "Emperor Xuanwu" for more than two years, and the whole family disappeared because of Huan Xuan's demise, sad husband!