Chapter 38 "I don't want to see the officers and soldiers again today"

——Huan Wen of the First Northern Expedition In the fifth year of Emperor Yonghe of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (349), Shihu, the great devil of Later Zhao, died of illness, causing great chaos in the territory.When Huan Wen heard this, he immediately stationed an army in Anlu, preparing to go north to recover the Central Plains. Inside the Eastern Jin court, of course, they did not want Huan Wen to make another outstanding achievement.Chu Po, the father of Empress Dowager Chu, a famous scholar, and the general who conquered Peking, was in Jingkou at that time.This old man also wanted to follow Huan Wen's example and just pay his respects, and wanted to take advantage of Zhao's chaos to take advantage of it.

Painting a tiger is not an anti-dog.In the first battle of Daipi, the second general Chu Guozhang sent to the north to meet the people who belonged to Lu County was wiped out.The heroic Chu Guozhang quickly retreated to Guangling, causing more than 200,000 Han people who crossed the Yellow River to move south to be killed by the Hu people who were chasing.Ashamed and ashamed, the famous scholar died in Jingkou at the age of forty-seven.Chu Po can be a great celebrity, but he is completely a layman in war. So far, the Eastern Jin court still refused to give Huan Wen a chance. Instead, in 350, Yin Hao, who had a good personal relationship with King Sima Yu of Kuaiji, was appointed as the governor of the five prefectures of Yang, Yu, Xu, Yan, and Shou to lead the Northern Expedition.

At that time, northern China was torn apart, Jie people, Xianbei, Ran Wei, Yao Xiang, Fu Jian and others attacked and killed each other. The Eastern Jin Dynasty and the people all thought that they could take the opportunity to restore the Central Plains and revive the Great Jin Dynasty.Only Cai Mo, a doctor of Guanglu, was a sober man. He said: "The demise of the Hu people is indeed Daqing, but I am afraid that it will cause even greater troubles for the court." When others asked why, Cai Mo replied: "We can take advantage of the time to rescue people. The people of all peoples cannot do anything except the sages and great heroes. Looking at today's events, all the sages of the time do not measure their virtues and capabilities, and all want to make contributions in chaos. Wisdom and courage are both difficult."

The following facts, unfortunately, are all in the words of Dr. Cai. Yin Hao, whose character is Shenyuan, "a weak crown has a good reputation, and you are good at Xuanyan", is a great talker with extraordinary conversation.This man was very well-known, and when he was young, he always complained of illness and refused to be an official, but the celebrities at that time sighed: "The deep source can't come out, so what happened to the people!" Cangshenghe!") was hung up and sold for more than ten years, and Kuaiji King Sima Yucai "begged" many times to invite Yin Hao to be an official, and he became a high-ranking official like the governor of Yangzhou.In fact, Yu Yi once said to people: "(Yin Hao) this generation should put it on the shelf, wait for the world to be peaceful, and then discuss it and let it go." This discussion is really a lesson to others.

With the support of Sima Yu, Yin Hao, who saw the Central Plains was full of turmoil, wanted to show off his skills, make him a famous man with a long history, and excitedly raise troops for the Northern Expedition. "General, fall off the horse, it's always disgusting." When he set off, he flew on the horse, and Yin Hao fell on the horse, and everyone in the army thought it was a bad omen. Sure enough, although Yin Hao had many soldiers (70,000 to 80,000), he himself lacked the ability to lead.Yin Hao's famous scholars, coupled with the suspicious and narrow nature of intellectuals, forced Yao Xiang (the son of Yao Yizhong, the son of Yao Yizhong, the Qiang chieftain who had descended to Jin Dynasty. After the fall of Later Zhao, Yao's father and son surrendered to the Eastern Jin Dynasty).This made the allied army turn around and attack the Jin army. Many of Yin Hao's generals were killed, the soldiers defected, and most of the military reserves were obtained by Yao Xiang.So far, the Northern Expedition has been tossed about for nearly four years, with the loss of soldiers and generals, Yin Hao is dejected and does not know how to step down.

Huan Wen, who had been holding his breath all the time, took the opportunity to read Yin Hao's book vigorously, saying that he "is angry with the gods and resented by the people, abandoned by the people, and worried about the crisis, which will affect the country".The Eastern Jin court also had to follow Huan Wen's advice, abolished Yin Hao as a commoner, and moved to a remote place in Dongyang. After chasing Yin Hao out of court, Huan Wen was proud of himself, and said to the people around him: "When I was young, I played bamboo horse games with Yin Hao. Every time I threw it away after riding, Yin Hao would always pick it up and play. Therefore, he should be under me."

Although Yin Hao was dismissed from office, he still maintains the attitude of a great celebrity, chatting non-stop, pretending to be complacent, and often handwriting the word "Du Du Wei Shi" in the air, probably because he is arguing with himself.Soon, Huan Wen thought of his childish friendship, and thought that Yin Hao was "virtuous and talkative, enough to be an official of a servant". He wanted to recommend him to re-enter the court as a Zhongshuling, and sent a letter to inform him. When Yin Hao received the book, he was so happy that he almost lost his composure, and immediately wrote back to thank him.Fearing that any word or word in the letter could not express the meaning and offend Huan Wen, Yin Hao "opened and closed dozens of people", the envelope was opened and sealed, and finally what was delivered to Huan Wen was an empty letter. Huan Wen yelled at "I don't know how to flatter" and ordered Yin Hao to be "imprisoned forever".A famous person of a generation died in the countryside.

Now when it comes to "metaphysics", it seems that there is always more criticism than praise.In fact, metaphysics was born in the era of the collapse of the Han Empire. It was the period when rituals collapsed and music was destroyed. Scholars began to have deep doubts about Confucian ethics and wanted to find the real "world ontology" from a philosophical perspective. After the "May 4th Movement", the scholar Liu Shipei had a more objective interpretation of metaphysics: "The learning of the Jin Dynasty and the Six Dynasties is not limited to the ruins, the heart is lofty, the nature is admired, the standard is far away, and learning is valuable... although it is not beneficial to governing the country. However, there are still countless good styles of study..." The speculative spirit of metaphysics deeply promotes the "reason in talk", "talk in reason", and "talk in talk", discussing the universe and personality ontology, Moreover, the most important "problems of talent", "problems of existence", "problems of speech and meaning", "problems of sentient beings" and "problems of one and more" are very key philosophical propositions in the history of Chinese philosophy, reflecting the understanding of scholars at that time. A soulful pursuit of nature and infinity.Of course, metaphysics gradually became a boring game for the ruling class, especially after Buddhism and metaphysics merged in the future, metaphysics was increasingly reduced to a topic of conversation after dinner.

Once Yin Hao was abolished, "the internal and external powers returned to (Huan) Wen."Therefore, in March of the tenth year of Emperor Yonghe of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (354), Huan Wen led 40,000 troops out of Jiangling, and the navy fleet also entered Junkou from Xiangyang at the same time, and began his first northern expedition.The target of this Northern Expedition was Di Chief Fu Jian who was called the King of Heaven in Guanzhong in 351.Fu Jian founded the Great Qin Dynasty, known as the Former Qin Dynasty in history. Huan Wen went out smoothly.The former Jin army captured Shangluo (Shangzhou, Shaanxi) and Qingni (Lantian, Shaanxi) respectively.Jin general Sima Xun also came out of Liangzhou to attack the former Qin Dynasty on Ziwu Road, and Wang Zhuo, the governor of Qinzhou in Qianliang, also cooperated with Huan Wen to attack Chencang (Baoji, Shaanxi) in the former Qin Dynasty.

Fu Jian, the former ruler of the Qin Dynasty, was shocked, and hurriedly sent the prince Fu Chang and others to lead 50,000 soldiers to form a camp in Yaoliu (near Lantian, Shaanxi today) to face Huan Wen. Although Fu Jian's son Fu Sheng is a one-eyed dragon, he is extremely brave.In the battle of Lantian, he "ridden the formation alone, entered and exited by the number of ten, and killed and wounded many Jin soldiers". Huan Wen was not afraid, and personally supervised the battle in front of the army, and finally defeated the Qin army.Soon, Huan Wen's younger brother Huan Chong defeated former Qin Prime Minister Fu Hong in Bailuyuan (now near the Bahe River west of Lantian, Shaanxi).

When the situation was like a broken bamboo, Huan Wen led the Jin army to fight and win victories, and attacked Bashang in May 354.The enemy is now, and the former Qin prince Fu Chang and others retreated to the south of the city. Fu Jian himself and thousands of remnants of the old and weak defended the small city of Chang'an. Can keep Chang'an. If the hero of Huanda attacked Chang'an without stopping, with his vigor and sharpness, there was a 90% chance that he would destroy the Fu clan of the former Qin Dynasty in one fell swoop and regain the Central Plains.But for some reason, Huan Wen, who was good at dispatching surprise troops, suddenly became more serious. He set up his troops and fortified the fortress, waiting for changes. At that time, "all the three auxiliary counties and counties came to surrender. (Huan) warmly comforted the residents and restored Andu to business. The people competed for cattle and wine to welcome their labor, and men and women stood side by side to watch." It was a wonderful scene.The elders in Guanzhong wept one after another, choked up and said, "I don't plan to see the officers and soldiers again today!" Wang Meng, a hero and famous scholar who has been living in Huayin Mountain in seclusion due to the war, heard that Huan Wen entered the pass, "dressed in brown and looked at it, and talked about the affairs of the world while touching the lice, as if no one was around" ("Talking while touching the lice" is also one of the signs of Wei and Jin demeanor). Huan Wen sighed deeply at Wang Meng's behavior, and asked Wang Meng: "I was ordered by the emperor to send 100,000 sharp soldiers (actually less than 40,000) to wipe out the remnants of the people, and the heroes of the Three Qin Dynasty have not yet arrived. Why? " Wang Meng replied: "Duke Ming, you have traveled thousands of miles and penetrated into the enemy's territory. You are only a short distance away from Chang'an and do not cross the Ba River to attack. The people don't know what you are thinking, so they did not come to surrender." Huan Wen was silent for a long time, and then he said something irrelevant, "There is no one like you in Jiangdong", and appointed Wang Meng as a casual official of "Military Planner Sacrificial Wine", and dismissed the matter. Various historical books all believe that Huan Wen's original intention of attacking Qin was to show off the imperial court with fame and establish his own prestige, not to really restore the Central Plains.The author believes that Huan Wen's selfishness at that time was not selfish, but it was caused by a lack of confidence because of too few troops.The Qin soldiers in Guanzhong were tough, unlike the Shu people who were easy to conquer, which also made Huan Wen feel "cautious".But too much scheming often leads to the opposite outcome.If it was true that Huan Wen had the private idea of ​​establishing his prestige and seeking to usurp him at that time, he could conquer Chang'an, and then take Sheng Wei back to Jiangdong to take the throne. Originally, Huan Wen believed that the wheat was about to ripen in Guanzhong, and there was no need to worry about the army's rations. Unexpectedly, the former Qin sent people to sow the wheat everywhere to fortify the walls and clear the fields, which immediately caused the Jin army to worry about food shortages. The respite was settled, and the armies of the former Qin Dynasty also counterattacked one after another.Fu Xiong and Huan Wen fought again in Bailuyuan, the Jin army was at a disadvantage, and more than 10,000 people were killed.Huan Wen retreated, and the former Qin prince Fu Chang pursued him all the way, causing the Jin army to lose tens of thousands of soldiers (Fu Chang himself died of a stray arrow).Sima Xun and Wang Zhuo's two Jin armies also suffered repeated defeats and fled to Lueyang and Guanzhong respectively.Soon, Wang Zhuo surrendered to Qin Qin again. Before Huan Wen retreated and moved to Guanzhong, more than 3,000 Han households returned to Jiangdong with the army. In October, Huan Wen returned to Xiangyang. In this Northern Expedition, there was a big victory but a small defeat, with little gain.