Chapter 3 the second part

In the corner of the city wall of Suiyang (Shangqiu County, Henan Province), the capital of the Song Kingdom, a newly hatched eagle was found in a sparrow's nest. Song Yan (the first king of Kang) was so excited that he sent his army to attack and wiped out Teng State (Tengzhou City, Shandong Province), and attacked Xue State (Nanxue City, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province) along the way.Then he swaggered in all directions: a series of astonishing military victories made him improve his self-confidence to dominate the world.He shot the sky with a bow and arrow and beat the ground with a long whip, expressing that he dared to challenge the gods.Destroying the altar (sheji) that worshiped the ancestors of heaven and earth shows that he doesn't even care about ghosts.Drinking for a long night in the palace, the attendants in the house shouted "Long live", the officials in the hall responded casually, and the crowd outside the palace gate also shouted in unison.As a result, the whole city was filled with the sound of "long live".King Tiandi of the Kingdom of Qi attacked first, and the Song army was defeated. Song Yan fled to the Kingdom of Wei and died in Wencheng (west of Wen County, Henan Province).

Song Yan escaped before the fall of the capital Suiyang and fled to Wencheng, where he was finally captured by the pursuers of the Qi Kingdom.This 80-year-old man with a bright head jumped to the Shennong Stream (west of Wen County, Henan Province) to survive, but was pulled up and beheaded.He seems to be a precursor to Hitler, one of the four villains of the 20th century.The similarities between the two have at least the following items: - They are the leaders of the country. ——Their countries have a long and glorious history. ——Their countries are all surrounded by great powers, unable to move.

——They all engage in personality cults and persecute their own citizens. —they all exterminated some of the lesser nations to bring their prestige to the top. ——They all challenged and defeated their strong neighbors in the same way, and their territory expanded greatly. ——They are all boastful and have no self-restraint ability. —None of them were mad for very long. ——They all drove the country into disaster, were surrounded and fought back, and tens of millions of people died. —In the end, they all died in front of the enemy. ——They all left eternal infamy and are despised.

In 284 B.C., the Kingdom of Yan gathered all its troops and appointed Le Yi as the commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force.At the same time, the Kingdom of Zhao appointed Le Yi as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Zhao; the general (Wei) Sili of the Kingdom of Qin also led his troops to join the Zhao, Wei, and Han armies.Le Yi, who is also the commander-in-chief of the Allied Forces of the Five Nations, attacked the Kingdom of Qi with the power of Mount Tai.King Qi (third term) called up the armed forces of the whole country to fight in Jixi (west of Jihe River, which is no longer there today, refers to the area west of the Yellow River, and the battlefield should be near Yangxin County, Shandong Province today), and the Qi army was defeated. .Le Yi asked Qin Jun and Han Jun to take the lead; asked Wei Jun to occupy the territory of the original Song Kingdom, and asked Zhao Jun to seize Hejian (the area of ​​Gaotang County and Tangyi County, Shandong Province).Le Yi personally led the Expeditionary Army of the Kingdom of Yan, went deep into the territory of the Kingdom of Qi, and captured the main force of the field army of the Kingdom of Qi.King Qi's heart collapsed.Tian Tian fled, and Le Yi entered the capital Linzi (East Linzi Town, Zibo City, Shandong Province), and transported the gold and silver treasures and precious sacrificial utensils of the Qi Kingdom (including those looted from the Yan Kingdom in 314 BC) back to the Yan Kingdom.

Tian Tian defected to the state of Wei (Puyang County, Hebei Province), and the king of the state of Wei (forty-fifth) Wei Sijun gave him the palace to stay. He called himself "Chen" and provided him with all his supplies.However, when Tian Di uttered evil words, the officials of the state of Wei retorted.He couldn't live in the field, so he fled to Zou State (Zou County, Shandong Province) and Lu State (Qufu County, Shandong Province). He still had an arrogant face, and the two countries refused him entry.Finally, Tian Di fled to Jucheng (Ju County, Shandong Province). The Kingdom of Chu sent General Naochi to lead an army to aid Qi, and Tiandi appointed Naochi as the prime minister of the Kingdom of Qi.Nao Chi conspired to carve up the Qi Kingdom with the Yan Kingdom.Therefore, he arrested Tiandi and reprimanded him, saying: "Between Qiancheng (Gaoqing County, Shandong Province) and Bochang (Boxing County, Shandong Province), there are hundreds of miles away, blood rains from the sky, and clothes are polluted. Do you know that? "Tian said: "I know." Nao Chi said: "Between Yingyi (Laiwu County, Shandong Province) and Boyi (Tai'an County, Shandong Province), the land cracked and subsided, and you saw spring water, do you know?" Tian said: " I know." Nao Chi said: "Someone is crying outside the palace gate, but you can't find them, and when you don't look for them, you hear crying again, do you know?" Tian said: "Yes." Nao Chi said: "God When it rains blood, it’s the sky warning you. When the earth collapses, it’s the earth warning you. Someone is crying at the palace gate, and it’s people who warn you. Heaven, earth and people warn you, but you don’t care, how can you not kill?” Li (near Ju County) put Tiandi to death.

The original text of Tian Di's death is too brief, which dilutes the seriousness of the matter and deprives readers of the right to obtain the truth.The execution of Tian Di by Nao Chi was not a slash with a big knife and the head fell to the ground, but a cruel torture.Nao Chi hung the fields above the roof beams, peeling and cramping alive.Under the torture, this arrogant old man wailed for two days and two nights before he passed away.What we don't understand is that Nao Chi's time with him is very short, and there is no possibility of blood feud.Even if there is a conflict of interest, it is enough to kill him on the spot, so why did he do this?Not to mention dealing with a monarch, even if dealing with a bandit, using this kind of torture is a appalling atrocity.

There is only one explanation that is reasonable, that is, Tian Di's arrogant attitude exceeded the upper limit that Nao Chi could bear, which aroused the cruel murderous intent - Nao Chi wanted to see what Tian Di looked like when he was hung on the beam, skinned and cramped faces.The original text records that Nao Chi counted down Tian Di: "Do you know?" Tian Di's answer is always: "I know." But in "Warring States Policy", Tian Di's answer is always: "I don't know." Sima Guang put "No Knowing" was changed to "knowing", the reason is unknown, but it weakened Tian Di's violent arrogance.When he answered "I don't know", he obviously didn't expect that Nao Chi would treat him like that, so if you ask three questions, what can you do to me?The villain's tone is vivid on the paper.

The reason why Tiandi was expelled from Weiguo was that he didn't pay attention to Weiguo's monarch at all, and treated Weiguo's senior officials as slaves, forcing the other party to cut off the supply, so he had to escape.However, he did not learn the lesson. When he arrived at the border of Lu State, he asked Lu State to serve him with the etiquette of the emperor.After the fields are eaten, the king of Lu can retire and go about his own affairs.Lu Guo finally drove him away.When we arrived in the state of Zou, it happened that the king of the state of Zou had passed away, and Tian Tian wanted to mourn as the emperor.Tian Di sat at the altar in the north, accepting the cry of the new monarch and raising his hands to express his condolences.Zou Guo finally drove him away.

On the way of fleeing, the country has been broken, good or bad is uncertain, and he is still playing airs and showing off.Later, when he arrived in Jucheng, Jucheng was his own territory, and Naochi was the prime minister appointed by him. The face he showed to Naochi and made a strong impression on Naochi must be impressive, and that was the energy for cruel revenge. Wei State (capital Puyang [Puyang City, Henan Province]) the monarch (forty-fifth) Wei Sijun (name unknown) likes to spy on other people's privacy.There was a clean and honest county magistrate, when he was tidying up the mattress, the broken mat was exposed.The next day, Wei Sijun gave him a new seat, and the county magistrate was surprised, thinking that his monarch was really like a god.Wei Sijun also sent people to deliberately bribe the tax officials when passing through the checkpoint. He then summoned the tax officials and asked him to return the bribes. The tax officials were frightened out of their wits.Wei Sijun dotes on his little wife Xie Ji and trusts his ministers like ears.In order to avoid being deceived, he deliberately respected his eldest wife, Concubine Wei, to balance with Xie Ji; and promoted another minister, Bo Yi, to an official position to make him confront Ruer.Wei Sijun explained: "I want them to restrain and monitor each other."

Xun Kuang said: "Wei Yu (the forty-third monarch of the Wei State, Chenghou) and Wei Sijun (the forty-fifth monarch) are just people with a small family spirit and amassing small fortunes, and they can't talk about winning the hearts of the people. Zheng Guo ( Gongsun Qiao (Zichan), Minister of Xinzheng [Xinzheng County, Henan Province], although he can win the hearts of the people, can't talk about governing the country. Although Guan Zhong can govern the country, he can't talk about establishing etiquette and righteousness. Only those who can establish etiquette and righteousness Those who can become holy kings. Those who can govern the country can become overlords. Those who can win the hearts of the people can gain security. Those who are petty and amass small fortunes have only one way to perish."

Wei Sijun is just as smart as a cow's hair, and he is complacent about his little tricks, thinking that those things are the norms of governing the country, and he is just a local snake in Sanjia Village.However, in Xun Kuang's comments, he criticized Gongsun Qiao and Guan Zhong in a series, and mentioned his "sage king" again.China has a long history, and there are groups of heads of state. How many are there enough to be "holy kings"?In the eyes of the Confucian school, there are only Yi Qi Fangxun, Yao Chonghua, Si Wenming, Zi Tianyi, Ji Chang, and Ji Fa, and they are only a handful of them.The Holy King, like Mr. Jehovah, is an image that does not exist at all.But Christianity does not ask people to be Jehovah, while Confucianism blindly looks down on all those who are considered incapable of being "holy kings" and desperately asks people to be holy kings that do not exist at all.As a result, after three thousand years, apart from the above-mentioned six living treasures, there are no other living treasures, and political ideas have become a bunch of empty words. In 280 BC, General Sima Cuo of the Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang [Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province]) recruited the militia and garrisons in Longxi (west of Longshan Mountain), and with the assistance of the State of Shu (the capital Chengdu [Chengdu City, Sichuan Province]), attacked Qianzhong County (Yuanling County, Hunan Province) of the Chu Kingdom was completely occupied (Qianzhong County included approximately the western part of Hunan Province and the northern part of Guizhou Province).The Kingdom of Chu was shocked and donated the land north of the Han River and Shangyong (Zhuxi County, Hubei Province). The roundabout attack launched by the Qin Kingdom on the Chu Kingdom in 280 BC was an unprecedentedly risky military operation.Xian, the capital of the Qin Kingdom The air distance from Yangyang to Longxi is 300 kilometers, and the air distance from Longxi to Shu is 550 kilometers.From Shu Kingdom to Qianzhong County, the air distance is 650 kilometers.There are tens of thousands of poor mountains and rivers, including the Minshan Mountains, the Motianling Mountains, the Yangtze River, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, which is "no land with three flats", and the Wuling Mountains, which are as ferocious as an octopus.In the 3rd century B.C., the road along the road was still wild, full of smoky insects and snakes, and the bird path was dangerous.Sima Cuo's great achievements, followed by Hannibal's attack on the Roman Empire, have been reflected successively, and they all went straight to the back door of the enemy's country. The Qin army attacked this time, and the war escalated to another form.Make the six countries face the doom that will be destroyed at any time at the same time.However, the conflict between the six countries not only continued, but became more intense.It's just for the sake of a little bit of cheapness in front of me, so that the combat power is completely exhausted.In the end, the Qin Kingdom gave a light blow, and everyone was smashed together. King Ying Ji of Qin and King Zhao He of Zhao met in Mianchi (Mianchi County, Henan Province. Mian, sound mian [失]).The two drank together, and Yingji asked Zhao He to play the harp, but Zhao He dared not refuse.Lin Xiangru immediately asked Yingji to beat the fou (fou, sound fou [no], a musical instrument with a big belly and a small mouth, shaped like a vase), Yingji refused, thinking it would be detrimental to dignity, Lin Xiangru warned: "Within five steps, the blood on my neck It will splash on the king!" The guards were about to draw their swords to save him, but Lin Xiangru glared and shouted, the guards were afraid of hurting Ying Ji, and dared not move again.Yingji was upset, so he forced a knock, and broke up unhappy.Yingji was still unable to gain the upper hand, Zhao Kingdom (capital Handan [Handan City, Hebei Province]) was on strict guard, and Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang [Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province]) did not dare to make troubles without reason. Zhao He returned to the country and promoted Lin Xiangru to be the Chief State Officer (Shangqing), above General Lian Po.Lian Po shouted, "I am the general of the Zhao Kingdom. I have conquered the city and conquered the land. The country's merits are due to the country. Lin Xiangru was born in a poor family and only relied on a tongue, but he sat in front of me. What kind of talk is this? How can he be willing?" He threatened: "When we meet Make sure he looks good." Lin Xiangru tried his best not to meet Lian Po, and whenever he had an audience or imperial meeting, he always claimed to be sick, so as to avoid disputes with Lian Po.Occasionally meet on the road, see it from a distance, and make a detour early.The followers (sheren) are deeply ashamed.Lin Xiangru said: "With Yingji's prestige, I dare to shout him in public and humiliate his subordinates. Although I am poor, am I afraid of General Lian? It is only because of the Qin Kingdom that I dare not attack the Zhao Kingdom on a large scale. I am with General Lian. When two tigers fight, they cannot both be alive at the same time. The reason why I escape is to put national affairs first and personal grievances second." Lian Po suddenly realized and took off his shirt , carrying Vitex (the cane used for punishment), went to Lin Xiangru's door to ask for forgiveness, and the two became close friends. Lin Xiangru and Lian Po left the world with the typical behavior of heroes.Changing the role of a wretch, I would rather the country be hurt than fight privately to the end.Lin Xiangru's ability to tolerate is rare, and Lian Po's ability to reflect and make up for mistakes is even more valuable.Today, more than 2,000 years later, people's respect is timeless. The army of the Kingdom of Yan surrounded Jimo (Pingdu City, Shandong Province) of the Kingdom of Qi for three years and could not conquer it.In 279 BC, Ji Ping, king of Yan (fourth king of Ping), passed away, and his son Ji Lezi succeeded to the throne (fifth king).When Ji Lezi was the prince, he was not satisfied with Le Yi.Tian Dan got this information, so he spread a rumor in the Kingdom of Yan by means of countermeasures: "Tiandi is dead, and there are only two isolated cities left in the Kingdom of Qi. Le Yi and the new king (Ji Lezi) have long had a rift, fear After being punished, he dared not return to the country, so he kept attacking the two isolated cities under the pretext of attacking the two isolated cities, but in fact he wanted to be the king of the Qi Kingdom. Because the people of the Qi Kingdom were not fully convinced, he had to slow down the attack on Jimo. What Jimo feared most was that if Once a serious attack is launched, it will definitely fall. (The remark in this paragraph is the same as that of the shark element killed by Ji Ping. The king is here, Le Yi can't bear to rebel." This hit the nail on the head.) Ji Lezi sent a general to take over as the commander of the expeditionary army, and recruited Le Yi to return to the country. Le Yi did not dare to return to Yan, so he went straight to the Kingdom of Zhao. Yan The army officers and soldiers not only hated the leader for being stupid, but also regretted that the commander-in-chief left in embarrassment. In 279 BC, Tian Dan collected all the cattle in the city, more than 1,000, and covered them with khaki satin, painted with multicolored patterns, tied steel knives to the horns, and tied reeds to the tails, which were soaked in oil and then burned.Dozens of holes were dug secretly on the city wall in advance. When the attack started, it was at midnight, and the cattle were released from the hole. 5,000 soldiers followed closely behind the cattle (like infantry following tanks).The oxtail was burning, and the pain was unbearable. At the same time, it ran wildly, rushing towards the Yan army's camp.Yan Jun woke up from a dream, and found that monsters covered in patterns were in groups, trampling and killing, collapsed in an instant, and fled for their lives in all directions. In the melee, Qi Jie was killed.The more than 70 cities that the Qi Kingdom fell for six years were all restored. Until the 20th century, China was still stuck in the ideology of personality cult, and the operation of politics was not based on fulfilling the responsibility of the country, but on the taming of individuals.But the taming of individuals is the least reliable, so every king is full of suspicion.Ji Ping's mind and intelligence moved people, but it was a pity that the people he saw most were Ji Lezi's generation.Even with Le Yi's loyalty, he couldn't get rid of the madness of the sharks.Once ordinary people fall into the mouth of sharks, they will only be torn to pieces.Therefore, loyalty and betrayal are often interlinked. Tian Ji launched an army to fight back, and Le Yi "fleeed in fear of crime", which made the country's elite lose at the hands of political leaders who blindly demanded personal allegiance. Le Yi was the luckiest, he did not die in the execution ground, and the defeat of Qi Jie proved that Le Yi's strategy of not attacking Jimo for three years was correct.The problem is, if Qi Jie is not a pig, but a dragon, and even captures Jimo, and even further captures Jucheng (Ju County, Shandong Province), Le Yi may not be able to justify his slow attack.It may be because of this reason that he dared not go back to the Kingdom of Yan, but fled to the Kingdom of Zhao.The disastrous defeat of riding robbery made Le Yi even more glorious.Those who framed him, but fulfilled him.The destiny of life is sometimes like this. In 273 BC, Kingdom Zhao (capital Handan [Handan City, Hebei Province]) and Kingdom Wei (capital Daliang [Kaifeng City, Henan Province]) jointly attacked the Kingdom of Han (capital Xinzheng [Xinzheng County, Henan Province]), and surrounded Huayang ( North of Xinzheng County, Henan Province).The Kingdom of Han sent the world-renowned veteran Chen Wei to the Kingdom of Qin (the capital Xianyang [Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province]) to ask for help. It's not urgent." Wei Ran was furious and said, "Aren't you urgent?" Chen Jue said, "If it was really urgent, the Kingdom of Han would have surrendered long ago. It is because it is not urgent that I was sent again." Wei Ran jumped up and said, "We will send troops immediately." He led a large army to help, marched eight days in a hurry, and arrived at the battlefield.Just in Huayang, he defeated the Wei army, defeated Mangmao, captured three generals, and killed 130,000 people.Bai Qi continued to attack the troops of Jia Yan, the commander-in-chief of the Zhao army, and drove 20,000 Zhao soldiers into the Yellow River. Duan Ganzi, Minister of the Kingdom of Wei, please cede Nanyang (referring to the area between the north of the Yellow River to the west of Xiuwu County, Henan Province and the south of Taihang Mountain, not today's Nanyang City, Henan Province, but today's Nanyang City, Henan Province. Next year [272 years ago], the Kingdom of Qin Then set up the county) to seek peace with the Kingdom of Qin.Su Dai objected and told King Wei Wei, "It is Duan Ganzi who wants to get the official seal, and the Qin Kingdom who wants to get the land. If those who want the land control the people who want the official seal, and those who want the official seal control the land, the Wei Kingdom's The land will be ceded completely. Using the method of ceding the land to please the Qin Kingdom is like holding firewood to put out a fire. If the firewood is not burned out, the fire will not be extinguished." Wei Yu said: "You are right. However, the matter has been decided and cannot be changed. " Su Dai sighed and said: "It's like playing poker. Everyone pays attention to 'Ace' (A), because when the situation permits, he is the boss. When the situation does not permit, he is the youngest. The king uses his brains, Haven't used the aura of 'Aisi' (A) yet." Wei Yu still refused to accept it, and finally ceded Nanyang for peace. Su Dai's profound insights are still fresh through the ages, and no one can refute them.However, the situation is stronger than people, who is willing to surrender?The rope was tied around his neck and he had to descend.Who wants to cede land?The war burned to the capital and had to be cut off.If the Kingdom of Wei refuses to cede Nanyang, Daliang may be uprooted.When there is strength to back it up, Su Dai's opinion is a slap in the face. When there is no strength to back it up, any high-spirited statement is enough to do bad things.By now, refusing to cede is more damaging than promising to cede.When you should be patient, you must be patient. This is the responsible attitude.The talents of the Soviet Dynasty are still the same as before, but the international situation is not as good as before. However, the stupidity of the state leaders of the Kingdom of Wei made people's chests beat. They were already vulnerable, but they were the first to punch people and challenge their strong neighbors. The disaster was all self-inflicted.A war of aggression ended in disgrace, and 130,000 lives were the price of stupidity.How many 130,000 people can the Kingdom of Wei have to withstand such consumption? In 273 BC, since Han and Wei surrendered and became the tail states of the Qin Kingdom, King Qin (the third king of Zhaoxiang) won Ji and planned to send Bai Qi to lead the armies of Han and Wei to attack the Kingdom of Chu (the capital Chenqiu [Huai, Henan Province] Yang County]), before leaving, Huang Xie, an envoy of the Kingdom of Chu, happened to arrive in Xianyang (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province). Hearing the news, he submitted a statement to Ying Ji, suggesting an alliance with Chu and attacking the Kingdom of Han instead. It can be like a broken bamboo, unifying the East.Ying Ji immediately changed his position and accepted them all. At the end of the Warring States period, all countries became a group of lambs, trembling every day facing the bloody mouth of the giant wolf Qin Kingdom. No one among the kings and officials thought of reforming internal affairs and cultivating combat power.I just want to live a comfortable day, and live a comfortable day.They use the despicable behavior of betraying each other and take advantage of the contradictions in international relations to delay their being swallowed as much as possible. The typical "wait for me to die before the world collapses" doomsday thinking, even God cannot save. Zhao She, an official of the Ministry of Agriculture (Tianbu) in the Kingdom of Zhao (Handan, the capital [Handan City, Hebei Province]), collected rent and tax, but Zhao Sheng’s family, Lord Pingyuan, refused to pay. Zhao She executed nine stewards of Zhao Sheng’s family in accordance with the law.Zhao Sheng was furious, and in turn wanted to kill Zhao She.Zhao She said: "You are an honorable nobleman in the Kingdom of Zhao. If you allow your family to evade taxes, the power of the law will inevitably be weakened. If the power of the law is weakened, the power of the country will also be weakened. If the power of the country is weakened, the armies of various countries will suppress the border. At that time, Zhao The kingdom is gone, so what wealth do you have? With your lofty status, if you abide by the law, you will be peaceful, and the country will be strong, and the country will be strong, and the regime will be stable. As the younger brother of the king, how can anyone dare Belittle you? Zhao Sheng felt ashamed and thought that Zhao She was a great genius. He recommended it to the king (the second king of Huiwen) Zhao He. Followed by enrichment. Zhao She pointed out: "As the power of the law weakens, so does the power of the state." This was said in the 3rd century BC.Unexpectedly, in the 20th century after the era, some people in power insisted that the law is not important, but the face of the bureaucrats and the government is important, and they did not hesitate to break the law to protect their face. Zhao Shegu is a genius, both knowledgeable and courageous.But Zhao Sheng's reaction was even more admirable. Instead of being furious, he promoted those who offended him.Don't think that people in high positions are clear-headed and will bow to reason.In fact, people in high positions are often remarkably stupid.If it is another person, it doesn't matter if the Kingdom of Zhao dies, what matters is my wealth; what's more, if I don't pay the money, the Kingdom of Zhao will not perish! Fan Ju (sound ju [ju]), a native of the Kingdom of Wei (the capital Daliang [Kaifeng City, Henan Province]), accompanied the middle-level state official (Zhong Dafu) Xu Jia, and went to the Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi [East Linzi Town, Zibo City, Shandong Province]) At that time, Tian Fazhang, king of Qi (fourth Xiangwang), appreciated Fan Ju's eloquence very much, and gave him some valuable gifts, including gold and food and drink.Xu Jia thought that Fan Ju must have leaked state secrets.After returning to the country, he reported to the prime minister Wei Qi. Wei Qi found that the opportunity to show his loyalty by using other people's suffering had come, so he feasted on the guests, threw Fan Ju to the ground, beat him with sticks, and ignored any complaints and excuses.Fan Ju's ribs were broken, his teeth were knocked out, and he was dying.They were wrapped in bamboo mats and thrown beside the cesspit like a dead dog.In order to show his patriotic anger, Wei Qi asked the guests to urinate on him in turn. Fan Ju was stimulated by urea and woke up slowly. Wei Qi was drunk and ordered to be carried to the wild.Wei Qi soon sobered up and ordered to be wanted. Zheng Anping, a petty citizen of the Kingdom of Wei, harbored Fan Ju, who changed his name to Zhang Lu.At this time, Wang Ji, the protocol officer (visitor) of the Kingdom of Qin (the capital Xianyang [Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province]), was in the Kingdom of Wei. Fan Ju went to see Wang Ji at night. Wang Ji was surprised and carried him back to the Kingdom of Qin secretly. To the king (the third king of Zhaoxiang) Ying Ji, Ying Ji received him in the palace, was overjoyed, and appointed Fan Ju as a foreign advisor (King Qing) to discuss military affairs. Fan Ju made a speech in one sitting and formulated an all-round foreign policy of "distance and near attack" for the Qin Kingdom. To this day, it is still a sacred classic that all invaders pursue with sincerity and swear unswervingly.Since the rise of the Qin Kingdom, it has conquered east and west, and its gains have been limited. It relies on brute force to fight against the whole world.After the grand strategy of long-distance and short-range attack is determined, the strength of the troops will become a destructive trend, and no one can stop it. Fan Ju was the last talent who was forced to rebel by the Kingdom of Wei.We can't imagine what history would look like if Gongsun Yang, Zhang Yi, and Fan Ju were reused in the Kingdom of Wei.The methods used by the people in power in the Kingdom of Wei to turn friends into enemies and loyalty into traitors are really high-level.An interesting topic is that everyone in the government of the Kingdom of Wei can speak good words, have plans, have plans, have plans, and have patriotic sentiments, such as Wei Qi and Xu Jia, who have more hair than donkeys, which one is not a talent ?As for Gongsun Yang, who is just a clerk who wants to be promoted and wants to go crazy, Zhang Yi is just an unrealistic poor scholar, and Fan Ju is just a traitor with a smooth tongue, big talk, and foreign ties.They neither joined a certain faction, nor were they accepted into a certain gang. It was the emperor's grace to escape death.Under the bloody mouth of the shark, the talent is either swallowed, or turned into an enemy and strongly rebounds.The rise and fall of the regime and the rise and fall of the country have a very clear trajectory. The Kingdom of Wei (the capital Daliang [Kaifeng City, Henan Province]) sent Xu Jia as an envoy to the Kingdom of Qin (the capital Xianyang [Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province]). Fan Ju, dressed in shabby clothes, visited the hotel.Xu Jia was not only surprised that he was not dead, but also pitied him for his downfall in a foreign land. He couldn't help but say, "Uncle Fan, are you okay after the breakup?" Shang’s nickname “Lao San” when he was a good friend may also be a common appellation when people greeted each other in the Warring States Period: “Brother Fan”.) After leaving Fan Ju to sit down for a meal and drink, he found that Fan Ju was cold and gave him another Silk gown.Fan Ju then acted as his coachman, went to the Prime Minister's Mansion together, and said to Xu Jia: "I will go to my friend first, and ask him to introduce you to the prime minister." Xu Jia waited and waited, but Fan Ju did not come out. Said: "What Fan Ju? I don't know him. The man who came in just now wearing rags and holding a silk robe is our prime minister, and his name is Zhang Lu." When Xu Jia heard it, it was as if a huge thunder had hit the top of his head, and there was a bang, Almost passed out, he knew he had fallen into a trap, he was under surveillance, and he couldn't run away.So, I got down on my knees and crawled on my knees, begging forgiveness.Fan Ju also had a big banquet for the guests, scolded Xu Jia for his unjust act of betraying his friends, and finally told him: "The reason why you can save your life today is because you gave me this silk robe, and there is more or less left." An old friend." Invite the guests to sit down, ask Xu Jia to sit below, put a plate of feed for horses - broken grass mixed with black beans, put it in front of Xu Jia, and ask him to swallow it.Fan Ju ordered him to bring Wei Wang Wei Yu a warning: "Chop off Wei Qi's head and send it. If you refuse, we will capture Daliang (the capital of Wei? Kaifeng City, Henan Province), and the city will be slaughtered." After Xu Jia returned home, Tell Wei Qi.Wei Qi was frightened out of his wits, and the prime minister quit. He fled to Zhao Kingdom (the capital Handan [Handan City, Hebei Province]) and took refuge in Zhao Sheng (Pingyuan Lord). Although Xu Jia is an ambassador with a high status, he is actually just a gangster in the officialdom.He betrayed Fan Ju not because he really suspected Fan Ju of leaking state secrets, but because he was jealous of Fan Ju.As an ambassador, none of them received the courteous reception of the king, but a entourage was honored, which not only made him lose face, but also made Fan Ju the icing on the cake, which would jeopardize his own future.Only then did he secretly lay a murderous hand and falsely accuse him of treason.One is to remove potential political enemies, and the other is to strengthen the thickness of loyalty, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone.When he saw Fan Ju again, that sliver of conscience saved him.With the strength and barbarism of the Qin Kingdom, it would not blink to kill a foreign envoy. In 265 BC, Mi Bazi, the Empress Dowager (Empress Dowager Xuan) of the Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang [Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province]) passed away.In September, Mi Bazi's younger brother Wei Ran was dismissed from all government positions and returned to his fief Taoyi (north of Yongji County, Shanxi Province). Sima Guang said: "Wei Ranqing supported Yingji with all his strength, killed all political enemies, recommended Bai Qi as a general, and attacked Yancheng (south of Yicheng County, Hubei Province) and Yingcheng (Jiangling County, Hubei Province) to the south. Refer to 279 before In 278 BC), Xiangdong reconciled with the Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi [East Linzi Town, Zibo City, Shandong Province]), making the kings of all countries submit to their knees. The reason why the Qin Kingdom is stronger is the credit of Wei Ran. Although he monopolizes Being rampant, arrogant, greedy and violent is enough to cause him great disasters, but it is not as bad as Fan Ju described. Fan Ju is not really loyal to the Qin Kingdom, and he is planning for the interests of the Qin Kingdom, but he wants to seize Wei Ran's high position That's all, so if there is an opportunity to strangle the other party's throat, he will not let go. As a result, Yingji cut off the bond between mother and child, and also cut off the friendship between uncle and nephew. All in all, Fan Ju is a dangerous person." We agree that Fan Ju is a dangerous person. The problem is that everyone who participates in political struggles under an autocratic regime is not a dangerous person.Fan Sui must seize Wei Ran's high position in order to implement his foreign policy.It is as if Sima Guang had to seize Wang Anshi's high position in order to abolish the new law.It is true that Wei Ran made great contributions to the Qin Kingdom's expansion of territory, but no matter how great his contribution was, he could not allow him to "run wild with power, be proud and greedy for violence".Sima Guang believed that as long as he supported the king and made great achievements, his official position should be made of iron, sacred and inviolable.And we think that a female tycoon plus four male tycoons, who have been in power for 42 years, should also owe their ass.The reason why Sima Guang had such an idea was because the direct victims of "authoritarian rampage, pride, greed and violence" were ordinary civilians without power and power, and the people in power were kicked out of power by a small person, breaking the "noble ones are always noble, and the humble ones are always noble". Sima Guang couldn't help the iron law of "those who are always cheap" and the death of the rabbit and the fox's sorrow. That is to say, in terms of purely personal feelings, Yingji did not kill his mother, but asked her to stop interfering in politics, and did not kill his uncle, but asked him to retire. Grace"?Is it in line with the code of etiquette to watch him continue to "run wild with power, pride and greed" and ignore him?If this is the code of etiquette, the code of code of etiquette is poison, and common people don't want to be trampled under the feet of the emperor's relatives forever. As Sima Guang said, only official position and power should not be given to others casually, nor should it be used as a tool for personal gratitude or revenge.In fact, Yingji asked his uncle to hold the power for 42 years, and the remuneration was nothing short of mediocre.If the country is ruined, Sima Guang will blame him for giving the official position and power to others indiscriminately.When Sima Guang commented on Tian Wen, he once said: "As long as his opinion is correct, even if the intention is treacherous, it should be adopted." (refer to 321 BC).However, in the face of Yingji's reforms, he forgot what he said.Is Fan Ju's attack on one woman and four men fair?If what he said is true and Yingji accepts it, he should be praised.If he speaks nonsense and Yingji accepts it, he should be condemned.And Sima Guang also admits that one woman and four men are "powerful, arrogant, greedy and violent", so why is it at this juncture to discuss his "treacherous" motives? Sima Guang always forgets what he said, but never forgets the position of the scholar-bureaucrat with vested interests. Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang [Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province]) Wu An Jun Baiqi, aggressively attacked the Han Kingdom (capital Xinzheng [Xinzheng County, Henan Province]), and fell into the wild king (Qinyang City, Henan Province).The traffic between Xinzheng, the capital of the Kingdom of Korea, and Shangdang County (Changzi County, Shanxi Province) in the north was cut off in the middle.Feng Ting, the governor of Shangdang County (Shangdang Guard), sent an envoy to Handan (Handan City, Hebei Province) to say: "If the Kingdom of Han cannot guard Shangdang, it will definitely be seized by the Kingdom of Qin. However, we would rather be subjects of the Kingdom of Zhao. Shangdang County The 17 cities they belong to are presented in front of the king." Zhao Wang (the third king of Xiaocheng) Zhao Dan asked Pingyang Jun Zhao Bao for advice, and Zhao Bao said: "The sage has a saying: there is no reason, the benefit of coming from the sky is A kind of disaster." Zhao Dan said: "Shangdang soldiers and civilians are willing to join us, how can it be said that it came out of nowhere for no reason?" Zhao Bao said: "The Qin Kingdom adopted a policy of encroaching on neighboring countries, eating one mouthful at a time. It Cutting off the Kingdom of Han, separating the territory of the Kingdom of Han from north to south, is the purpose only to occupy Yewang? Obviously, their goal is Shangdang, and they think that it will naturally fall into their pockets. The Kingdom of Han stationed in Shangdang The reason why those officials did not surrender to the Qin Kingdom is that they wanted to pass the disaster on to our Zhao Kingdom. The Qin Kingdom worked hard to cultivate, but the Zhao Kingdom harvested it happily. Even if we are strong, we cannot take it from the weak. What's more, we are weak, how can we take it from the strong? I suggest that it must not be accepted." Zhao Dan asked Pingyuan Lord Zhao Sheng's opinion again, and Zhao Sheng agreed to accept it. Shangdang is not only a hot potato, but also a bomb that has been ignited. It is too late to throw it out, but Zhao Guoguo hugged him tightly, thinking that heaven is a blessing.Zhao Bao's analysis is three points to the bone.But Zhao Sheng is like an idiot, this nobleman who is proud of "Jianghu loyalty", is just an ordinary pompous person, his eyes only see cicadas, but not the oriole; he only sees the land, but not the army of the Qin Kingdom.Weak and small countries have the way of building a country like a weak and small country. There are thousands of them, and they should not challenge their strong neighbors.Violation of this principle is sure to lead to defeat and even death.Accepting Shangdang is a wrong decision.Poor fighters and people - as many as 450,000 people, paid their lives for this wrong decision of senior officials. In 260 BC, the army of the Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang [Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province]) besieged Shangdang (Changzi County, Shanxi Province). The Zhao army had no food supply for 46 days. The officers and soldiers were so hungry that they murdered and devoured each other in the camp.The Qin army's encirclement became smaller and smaller, and they continued to challenge.Zhao Kuo, the commander-in-chief of the Zhao army, selected elites, formed four teams, and charged in all directions at the same time.The Qin army's position was heavily defended, as strong as a copper wall and an iron wall. Zhao Jun charged four or five times repeatedly, causing casualties everywhere, but still could not shake a single hair of the Qin army.Zhao Kuo was determined to put all his eggs in one basket. As the commander in chief, he personally led the army and launched the most ferocious and tragic breakout.However, the Qin army refused to fight hand-to-hand, and only used a strong bow to deal with it. Arrows rained down, and Zhao Kuo died with an arrow. The commander-in-chief was killed, the Zhao army collapsed, and 400,000 exhausted officers and soldiers surrendered to the Qin army.They were rejoicing that they had finally escaped the catastrophe, but they didn't expect that a more tragic catastrophe was yet to come.Bai Qi said: "The Qin Kingdom has occupied Shangdang, but the Shangdang people have surrendered to the Zhao Kingdom. The Zhao Kingdom's army has always been strong, and will never be willing to be a prisoner. If you don't make a decisive decision, there may be chaos in the future." The Zhao army was relieved, and then they all ganged up and killed, leaving only 240 young officers, and sent them back to the Kingdom of Zhao to make them report the bad news.这次战役，秦王国获空前胜利，前后总共杀45万人，赵王国野战军主力全灭，全国震恐。 任何一个具有高贵心灵的将领，绝不杀降。俗云：“杀降者不祥。”杀降的功效是立竿见影的，但杀降造成的伤害，却长久不愈。白起虽然两年后就被诛杀，但我们并不认为那是杀降的报应。因为杀降的报应要严重得多，国家、社会，甚至全国人民的道德品质，都要为杀降付出代价。历史上从没有一个准许杀降的政府付得起这种代价。白起固然是名将，竟做出这种残忍的事，也不过一条恶狗而已，我们乐于看到他在杜邮(陕西省咸阳市东北)事件中所担任的角色。