Chapter 11 Re-discussion on the Scholars in Chinese Cultural Tradition

Traditional Chinese people have faith in the past and innovation in the future, and the two can be combined.Confucius has been worshiped by scholars in China for 2,500 years, and he is respected as "the most holy teacher".But Confucius also worshiped something, so he said: "It's too bad, I'm declining, and I will never dream of Duke Zhou again for a long time." In the Confucian tradition, although Confucius is always respected, it is not without innovation.Confucianism seldom talked about nature and the way of heaven, but Mencius advocated good nature.Confucius pushed Guan Zhong very much, and said: "I am a small Guan Zhong, and I have a left jacket." Dao Huan Wen's matter." Mencius talked about the merit of nourishing qi, but the word "nourishing qi" does not appear in it.In other "Mencius" books, there is no limit to those who hold the theory, but Mencius said: "If I wish, I will learn from Confucius."

After Mencius, there was Xunqing, who was evil in nature and opposed to Mencius in his opinions.However, they also respect Confucius.In the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu proposed to depose all schools of thought, respecting Zhou and Confucius alone, and adoring Mencius and Xun Shao.At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, there was Yang Xiong, who also respected Confucius, but Mencius, Xun, and Dong also seldom admired it.In the later years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was Zheng Xuan, who was a Confucian of the first generation. He also respected Confucianism, but he was not respected by Mencius, Xun, Dong, and Yang.In the Sui Dynasty, there was Wang Tong who also respected Confucius, but he was not respected by Mencius, Xun, Dong, Yang, and Zheng.

In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu compared himself with Mencius' refusal of Yang Mo.He also said: "Mencius is mellow, and Xunqing is small." In the tradition of Confucianism, Mencius is the only one.However, he said to himself: "There is no Confucius in the world, so he should not be among his disciples." It is also known that he only respects Confucius.Confucianism in the early Song Dynasty respected Confucius, but Ouyang Xiu respected Han Yu, and Wang Anshi respected Mencius, and their opinions were also different.Zhou Lianxi was the founder of Daoism, and "Song History" distinguished "Dao Xue Zhuan" from "Ru Lin Zhuan", and later generations may not be the same.However, Taoism is ultimately a new Confucianism, which is different from Han and Tang Confucianism.The Taoist scholars of the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties respected Lianxi, but they also had different views.Qing Confucianism can be divided into Song Studies and Sinology, but although it emphasizes Sinology, its learning is not the same as Han Confucianism.

However, listing the 2,500-year-old Confucian tradition following Confucius can be said to vary from time to time and from person to person.In the same belief, it does not harm their own innovations.In their respective innovations, it does not harm the same belief.This is a characteristic of Chinese academic thought.Sakyamuni founded Buddhism, but by worshiping Sakyamuni, everyone can become a Buddha, and everyone can create their own ideas. This is the general similarity between Buddhist tradition and Chinese Confucianism.Therefore, although Buddhism eventually declined in India, it still prevailed in China.Jesus is the only begotten son of God, worship Jesus, can not be the only begotten son of God.And there can't be many new creations and new developments in the teachings of Jesus. This is one of the main reasons why Christianity cannot be as prosperous as Buddhism in China.It can be seen that cultural tradition is where people's hearts stand.

Therefore, Chinese academic thought is from the surroundings to a center, and the higher the central position is, the wider the surroundings are, just like Confucius.Therefore, the sameness in the center does not harm the differences in the surroundings, but in the end we can only see a common longing for great unity.Western learning develops independently from the surroundings, without a common center, so their learning tends to be different day by day, and they cannot achieve a great synchronization.Although Christianity is a common belief, there are differences in academics.Everything has tradition, but no innovation. This is the big difference between it and free thought.Western academics only see their differences, but not their great similarities.Astronomy, geology, biology, the boundaries are different.As in natural science, so in humanities.Political science, sociology, economics, and law are all classified into different categories.Apply what you have learned, but the uses are different.Learn to seek truth, but there is no universal truth.Therefore, learning in the West may not communicate with each other, and there is no object of common respect.

Its learning is different, and its people are also different.The Romans were different from the Greeks, and modern Europeans are also different from the Greeks and Romans.Moreover, the British are different from the French, and the Americans are different from the British.It is also a trend for Westerners to learn from different places rather than from the same place.That is to say, like religion, Yeh and Hui are different, and Yeh is divided into old and new.Religious belief is also difficult to obtain its Datong. Jesus said: "Caesar is in charge of Caesar." What Christianity has in common is only one pope, which is the Caesarization of Jesus.Islam is even more so.The only similarity between Western religions lies in their secularization.However, Confucius and Sakyamuni tried to transform the world with their teachings, which is another big difference.In fact, Westerners not only seek secularization of religion, but also seek secularization of all academic thoughts.The Chinese, however, pursue the academicization of the secular world, which is also quite different.

When it comes to secularism today, the West emphasizes individualism.If you like science, or philosophy and literature, it is all up to the individual.Even religion.Since personal freedom is important, it is advisable to only see differences and not see great unity.The great unity is only in the material life of clothing, food, housing, and transportation, so there is the emergence of materialist philosophy and historical materialism.If it is beyond things, there is only religious belief in the heaven of the soul.But this is a kind of belief, not freedom of thought in the practice of life.Even the emerging communism in modern times has become a kind of belief, and freedom of thought is not allowed.Both of these are quite different from the Chinese tradition.The tradition of Chinese scholars has not become a religion, but in real life, it has turned to a view of unity.Why?Because of the Chinese literati tradition, starting with Confucius, for two thousand and five hundred years, they have all embraced the concept that life in one world is life in the world.The same is in life, not in the material aspect.When it comes to people, it is in the heart, not in the body.This is its main point.

Confucius was originally from the Song Dynasty, and later from the Yin nationality.His ancestors moved to Lu from Song Dynasty, so they became Lu natives.However, Confucius traveled as far as Qi in his life, and then went to Wei, Chen, and Chu. He traveled outside for fourteen years, and returned to Lu when he was old.Most of his disciples come from afar, and they are not limited to Lu people.Therefore, the Confucian lectures at that time were all-worldly and worldwide.Mo Di was a native of the Song Dynasty, but his travels also traveled all over the world, and the place of his death in his later years is unknown.However, the disciples of the Mohists also come from various countries, and they are universal and universal.Mencius was from Zou, but in his later years he traveled from Liang to Qi, with dozens of chariots behind him, hundreds of followers, and passed on to the princes.Xunzi, a native of Zhao, traveled to Qi and offered wine to Jixia.He went to Qin again, and died in Lanling of Chu in his later years.Most of the other pre-Qin schools of thought traveled all over the world.But Zhuang Zhou and Lao Dan, the Taoists who are hidden and do not travel around, are the most outstanding.However, his intentional speech is also universal and not limited to the hometown where he hides.Therefore, it is said: "Parents are here, if you don't travel far, you must have a way to travel." It is also known that scholars at that time traveled far without a way.It is the difference between the people of one township, the people of one country, and the people of the world.

After the Qin and Han Dynasties, China was unified, but many scholars converged on the capital, and did not return to their hometowns when they grew old.The former Han generation is too numerous to name.The Eastern Han Dynasty was prosperous.For example, Zheng Xuan, although he died of old age and died in his hometown, he traveled all over China to study.Below the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the gates had prospered. However, the gates of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties generally moved from the north to the south.In the Northern Dynasties, more families migrated, not limited to the countryside.When the Sui and Tang Dynasties were unified, scholars from all over the country must go to the capital to apply for the examination.And when he became an official, he could not stay in his hometown. He had traveled all over the country, and he would never return when he died.Take Li, Du, Han, and Liu as examples, and read their collections of poems and essays. Everything they have done in their life, where they lived, and where they died of old age and illness can all be examined.Therefore, Chinese scholars traditionally regard the world as their home, and they are extremely mobile, and there are very few people who are fixed in one village and one soil.It was even more beneficial to the Song Dynasty.For example, Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi are both from Jiangxi, and they have traveled all over the country in their official shoes.And when you retire, you will not return to your hometown.For example, Sansu, originally from Sichuan, never returned to Bianjing.Dongpo visited the widest area, and he chose Yixing Taihu Lake as his burial place for the elderly.Reading this collection of poems and essays by all these people, it is not obvious that the feelings are not in the hometown, but in China and in the world.

Others, such as Zhou Lianxi, are from Hunan.And when he died of old age in Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi, he was born in Lianxi, and the river where he died was also called Lianxi.The father of brothers Mingdao and Yichuan was originally from Jiangxi.Served in Jiangxi, got to know Lianxi, and the second Cheng was the door to visit Lianxi.The two Cheng brothers died in Luoyang and never returned to their hometown.Zhuzi in the Southern Song Dynasty, whose father was from Anhui, was born in Fujian and died in Fujian. He was a native of Fujian.However, his footprints also traveled all over the Southern Song Dynasty, not limited to Fujian.At the same time, Lu Fangweng traveled all over the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and retired to his hometown when he was old.It was his death, but he told his son in a poem: "Master Wang set the Central Plains day in the north, and don't forget to tell Nai Weng for family sacrifices." Then his affection is not limited to his hometown, but still in the country and the world, which can also be seen.

In the three dynasties of Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, anyone who is a scholar, listed in historical records, and passed on to the population, is a scholar in the Chinese cultural tradition, is he a scholar of the country, and he is definitely not a scholar of one village or one mile, so it is not necessary to name them one by one. stated.Let me take Wang Yangming as an example. As far as he goes in his life, he went out of Shanhaiguan in the northeast, demoted to Longchangyi in Guizhou in the southwest, served as governor of Jiangxi in his later years, and died in office.He lectures everywhere, and his disciples also belong to the whole country.His conduct is not restricted by region, nor is his lectures restricted by region. They are all national, that is, world-wide.His disciples, such as Wang Longxi in Zhejiang, and Wang Xinzhai in Huai, did not leave official positions and grew old in their hometowns.However, Longxi traveled all over the southeast, and Xinzhai used Muduo to flaunt the capital before Yangming's lifetime.When old people return to their hometowns, father and son give lectures, and the rumors spread are not limited to one village and one mile. The Donglin lectures in the late Ming Dynasty were also national, not local.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty and the end of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Lizhou was the hometown of old people, but his disciples, such as Wan Jiye, went north to the capital.Yan Xizhai is an old Confucian in the same village, but his footprints are very extensive. He once went outside the customs in the north and traveled to Heluo in the south.But his disciple Li Shugu traveled more extensively.It cannot be said that the Yellow School in eastern Zhejiang and the Yan and Li School in Hebei are not national, but local.Li Erqu in Guanzhong, in his later years, was confined to the earth cave, and except for Gu Tinglin, no one could meet him face to face.However, it has also traveled all over the north and south.Although Wang Chuanshan is not as good as Li Erqu's self-contained cave, it is hidden in the mountains of Hunan.Neither of them pass on their teachings to their disciples, but their teachings are national rather than local.Gu Tinglin, for example, said that people from Kunshan in the south of the Yangtze River went to the north and never returned to the south, nor did they gather disciples to give lectures, and they did not pass on to their disciples. However, his people and their learning are even more national, not local. Confucianism in Qianjia Confucian classics can be divided into Wu and Anhui schools.However, the Wu School is not limited to Wu, and the Wan School is not limited to Anhui.In particular, Dai Zhen of the Anhui School went north to the capital and never returned.The Wu school is divided into the Changzhou school, and the traces of Confucianism have spread all over the country.The Anhui School is also divided into the Yangzhou School, such as Ruan Yuan, who has a wider history of officials.The Zeng family in Xiangxiang, who inherited Tongcheng, advocated ancient prose, known as the Xiangxiang School.Its four major disciples Zhang, Wu, Li, and Xue are also seen as national rather than regional.Below Daoxian, such as Chen Feng from Guangdong, went north to the capital to take the Jinshi examination with one move, once every three years, and eight times for 24 years, trekking from north to south.In his later years, he gave lectures in Guangdong, and his people obviously belonged to the whole country, not limited to Guangdong.And Zhu Yixin, a native of Zhejiang, gave lectures in Guangdong in his later years, and he was not limited to Zhejiang.There is Kang Youwei in Cantonese Studies and Zhang Binglin in Zhejiang Studies, both of whom have traveled all over the world.Youwei died abroad, and Binglin died in Wu. These two people lived in Guangdong or Zhejiang, and their travels in their lives were not limited to Guangdong and Zhejiang. Kang Youwei's disciple Liang Qichao, who was also from Cantonese, traveled all over the world. He died of old age in Peiping and never returned to his hometown.At the same time, Wang Guowei, a native of Zhejiang, traveled all over the world and died in Peiping without returning to his hometown.All of this is without losing the old tradition of Chinese scholars.All of them are from the whole country, which is what the ancients called the world's scholars.Not only read thousands of books, but also travel thousands of miles.Therefore, its study must be a general study, that is, a human-centered study, rather than a classified study such as that of Western experts, which is also appropriate. People in today's country say that the agricultural society settles down and relocates to the hometown.After entering the industrial and commercial society, people leave the countryside and enter the city, and then they become active.I don't know that the Chinese tradition is apart from the rural society, industrial and commercial society, and there is a society of scholars.Its activity is far beyond that of industrial and commercial society, and it has been since ancient times.Scholars of successive dynasties below Confucius, whose life parallels can be found in historical records, and those who have collected poems and essays by themselves, can be verified, and they are definitely not rural, but they are also not industrial and commercial.It can be said that it is humanistic and universal.The so-called Tao of the Chinese can be seen from the whereabouts of Chinese scholars since ancient times. People in today's country admire Westernization, and they often like to compare China with the West, such as comparing Confucius with Socrates in Greece.No matter what it is for learning, it is only about being a person.Regardless of the various aspects of being a human being, it focuses on the whereabouts of its life.Confucius traveled all over the world, while Socrates was an Athenian, and his footprints may not have left Athens.Therefore, the breadth and narrowness of these two people's knowledge and breadth of mind can be inferred.Like Plato, or the footprints are also limited to the city of Athens.However, in the pre-Qin period in China, there were very few scholars who were confined to one township, one mile, one city or one city throughout their lives.However, Taoists like Zhuang Zhou may not like to travel far, but their guests and friends are like Hui Shi, and they will eventually become corporals for a day.China's pre-Qin period, that is, this section, has been significantly different from Western ancient Greece.So China becomes one China, and Greece becomes one Greece.This is also a section on the fact that Chinese and Western cultures are as remarkable as they are easy to compare. The Romans relied on their military power to conquer the periphery, and established a large empire that included Europe, Asia, and Africa.However, it is difficult to test whether Rome has a large number of scholars active within the territory of its empire, and there must be very few people in the end.This is very different from the unification of Qin and Han in China.In the feudal period of the Middle Ages, it was even more unheard of that there were so-called intellectuals and academic experts in the fortress of the aristocracy.Only knights and warriors can compare with Chinese soldiers.Not only can it not be compared with Qin and Han, but it can also not be compared with the scholars of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.People today also call China a feudal society, and if we try to speak from a scholar's point of view, their view of Western feudalism is truly worlds apart. Following the feudal society in the west, there was a renaissance in the coastal cities of the Italian peninsula.However, it is also limited to various cities, such as Athens in Greece at most, how can it be compared with Linzi in the Warring States Period.To put it simply, one is regional and the other is national.It is easy to know if they are compared. The rise of modern Western countries is like the states of Qi, Lu, Jin, and Chu in the feudal era of China.Although it has its unity in China, it is still only regional in the West.That is to say, in terms of scholars, Britain and France also have boundaries with each other.Everywhere else.People in today's country like to compare Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty with Kant in the West.Regardless of his studies, regardless of his personality, Kant is limited to one school in one city when discussing only one end of his life trace.If Zhu Zi were to be like Kant, fixed in one village and one place, and gave lectures all his life, then what he learned and taught would be quite different from what Zhu Zi learned and taught back then, and it can be known for sure. Now let’s focus on Britain. There are colonies all over the world, and the sun shines on them all without the British flag.For example, Hong Kong has been a territory of the British Empire for a hundred years.There is a Hong Kong University whose professors are mainly from England.The retirement age is earlier than that in the British mainland, so that you can still have activities after returning to the British mainland.I have never heard of a British professor who lived in Hong Kong and never returned to his country.The children of his family members also did not stay in Hong Kong.So how can British culture take root in Hong Kong? In Hong Kong, Yu made a British friend, Lin Yangshan. His father was a missionary and came to China. Lin Yangshan was born in China.He was arrested and returned to England to study.After graduating from university, he still came to China to serve his parents and was a professor at Qilu University in Jinan, Shandong.Japan invaded eastward, and Lin Yangshan was detained and imprisoned.In the prisoner, reading for entertainment.The Chronicle of the Pre-Qin Scholars written by Yu is one of the books he read in prison.Yu Yu first met in Hong Kong, when Lin Yangshan was the head of the Chinese Department of the University of Hong Kong, and he was valued by the colleagues of the University of Hong Kong.In fact, China is the place where he grew up, and England is the place where he studied abroad. It is not that he does not want to die in Hong Kong, but is limited by the British system and laws. Hong Kong University retires and still returns to England. This is true for scholars, even for those in charge of administration.When Yu first arrived in Hong Kong, the governor of Hong Kong was Ge Lianghong, who served him for a long time and was loved by Hong Kong people.However, they will also leave Hong Kong after retirement.Not only administrative staff, but even soldiers who come to Hong Kong must leave when their term of office expires.When Yu and his wife were traveling in England, they happened to meet a retired soldier on a train who had been stationed in Hong Kong for many years. He loved the beauty of Hong Kong Island and his kindness.It is said that being able to live in Hong Kong for the rest of your life is a wonderful thing in your life.Now it's just a dream.When I ran into Yu and his wife by chance, I sighed and complained, just like meeting people from my hometown.Therefore, the British ruled Hong Kong for a hundred years, but no British person left Hong Kong with a family and business. Confucius wanted to live in Jiuyi, but his disciples suspected that Jiuyi was poor.Confucius said: "A gentleman lives in it, so why is there such a thing as shabby?" The meaning of shabby is limited to a region, fixed and not changed.The British are proud of their traditional culture and regard the Chinese in Hong Kong as barbarians. If British gentlemen come to live in Hong Kong, the Chinese in Hong Kong will also become British.An ancient Chinese saying goes: "The barbarians and the Chinese are China's", so Hong Kong and the United Kingdom are also the same as the United Kingdom.But the British don't think so.I have traveled around Singapore and Malaysia, and there is not a single descendant of a British family living here.Even in India, which is one of the most important British colonies in Asia, there are very few British people living there.Famous British scholars, such as the father and son of Mill, also came to India and eventually returned to the old England.As a result, British culture could not take root in India, and it could not take root in its colonies around the world.Therefore, we know that the imperialist colonial policy of the West is only commercial, and absolutely inhumane and educational.The Chinese say that "human civilization is complete", and Westerners absolutely do not have this ideal, and this can be proved. But this is not the case with the large number of British colonization in North America.It first left with religious quarrels, so it will never return to its homeland after transplanting.In addition, the aborigines in North America are rare and easy to slaughter to make them extinct. They can build new hometowns by themselves, which is very different from those in India, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.Since the establishment of a new country in the thirteen states of North America, the United Kingdom is from the United Kingdom, and the United States is from the United States. Americans can also return to the United Kingdom to study, but they no longer settle in the United Kingdom.British dolls also went to the United States to teach. If they do not change their American nationality, they will still return to the British.However, the businesses of the two sides can have close contacts, while the intellectual circles of the two sides are obviously divided and it is not easy to reconcile.Einstein settled in the United States, because he was Jewish, and he was separated from Europeans.Just like Canada and Australia, people who leave England never return for life, or even for generations.It is like the cities of ancient Greece separated, and finally separated into countries.Poetry of the Tang Dynasty: "The young and the young leave home and the old one returns, the local accent remains unchanged, and the temple hair declines. When children meet each other, they laugh and ask where the guests come from."This is another difference between China and the West.Therefore, the mobility of Western society lies mainly in its industry and commerce.The mobility of Chinese scholars far exceeds that of Western industrial and commercial societies.Two thousand and five hundred years after Confucius, its fluidity has been concentrated in one continuous line, and it has been progressively flourishing. This situation is well-known in history, but it has been ignored by modern Chinese. This also has a great relationship between the languages ​​and characters of China and the West.Chinese characters are national, and it can be said that they are universal.There are three hundred ancient poems, both elegant and elegant.There are fifteen countries in the wind, if it is slightly regional.There are big and small Ya, and the seat of the central government of the Western Zhou Dynasty is the national and world-wide concentration point, so it is called Ya.At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a Lu language in Lu, and a Qi language in Qi, and Zisuo's elegant words, and all the books in the "Poetry" were elegant.All the books written by the pre-Qin scholars are elegant.As far as "The Doctrine of the Mean", it is called the same text of the book.Languages ​​from all over the world are subordinate to characters and have their unity.After the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was handed down unchanged for two thousand years.In the West, such as Greece and Rome, the language and characters are all regional, vulgar and unrefined.After the Middle Ages, Latin was only used in religious circles, while Protestantism changed to the vulgar language of various regions.With the rise of modern countries, language and writing have become more and more separated, which has made Western culture more and more regional. Chinese people in modern times adore Westernization, like to speak in a popular way, and hate to call it Dazhi.We only seek division, not reconciliation.The establishment of universities in various places also strives for regionalization.Such as Wuhan University, Zhejiang University, and Sichuan University, the principals must be limited to local people.So is Yunnan University.When I went to Kunming during the Anti-Japanese War, I told the people in Yunnan that if Yunnan University could choose a famous scholar from all over the country to be the president, and the scholars in Yunnan could also be the presidents of universities all over the country. Difficult to tell.Today it is necessary to fight for Yunnan people to be the presidents of Yunnan University, so that Yunnan people cannot be the presidents of other provinces. Why must we seek regional self-limitation.The same goes for other administrators.The governor of Yunnan must be appointed by Yunnan people.In the past, famous people from all over the country were able to serve as governors of Yunnan, and Yunnan people were also able to serve as governors of provinces across the country.Also, the people of Yunnan must be proud of their ancestors as the people of Nanjing. From now on, the people of Yunnan regard themselves as regions, and they should no longer feel this way. Now let’s talk about the word “culture” in the West. The British use ships, trains, and textile machines to spread it all over the place, which is called culture.When Germans call culture, it must have the meaning of native.However, they all refer to the language of material civilization.However, the Chinese saying "Humanism is completed" began to refer to the aspect of humanities.Therefore, to study Chinese history, one must also have a good knowledge of human geography, while Westerners mainly study natural geography.Decades ago, Chinese schools often offered history and geography courses.Today, it is also following the example of the West, and the geography course is changed to the Faculty of Science instead of the Faculty of Liberal Arts.And those who study history, if they don't study human geography, Chinese history will also be Westernized, and they will be blind to the origin of this nation-state of great unity of vast land, people and people, and all the meanings it contains. Marx created historical materialism and divided western society into four classes: serf society, feudal society, capitalist society and communist society.And it is said that the communist society should be universal, then the former Western societies are all regional, not universal.According to Western history, Ma's theory cannot be said to be undocumented.Among all kinds of academics in the West, only natural science can be said to be the most universal, not limited to regional.But natural science is also obviously materialistic.Therefore, before Marx, Westerners had already had the Stone Age, the Iron Age, and even the Electric Age, etc., which is actually a materialist view of history.However, China is a society of scholars, who are the top leaders of the agricultural, industrial, and commercial societies.But Shi Shangzhi does not eat people, but eats people.Do not engage in material production, and do not assume the occupation of material production.China also has science, but it is less materialistic and does not occupy a leading position in various academic fields.The most leadership of Chinese academics, and the teaching of Chinese scholars, is beyond material production, and mainly focuses on the way of living in harmony with large groups.How to aspire, how to practice, and popular activities in the upper class of the whole society.Therefore, Chinese society is by no means feudal like the Western Middle Ages, nor can it produce capitalism.Chinese scholars must be born in rural areas, so there has never been a serf society in China, and Chinese scholars are by no means limited to regional and professional characteristics, but have long shared a broad humanistic and global nature.The Chinese have never had the concept of materialist history in history.One of the unique classes of scholars in Chinese society is superior to agriculture, industry, and commerce. It should be called the Four Peoples Society by definition, and it is unprecedented in other ethnic groups in ancient and modern times. However, China is by no means a communist society. Farmers, workers, and merchants all have property, while scholars have no property but are supported.And the society is rich in nature, family wealth, village wealth, filial piety, friendship, marriage, harmony, responsibility, sympathy, the old and the old, the young and the young, and the young, the old has something to support, the young If you have strengths, you don't suffer from scarcity and unevenness. It is the Lord who regards common wealth as equal, and does not waste private wealth.But he is still rich, and he has a family below the Han Dynasty.At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the family was completely abolished, and after the Song Dynasty, there was Shecang Yizhuang.Immigrants go abroad, there are guild halls, and all of them have the friendship of making money, and none of them are stipulated by government laws and regulations, and they are all established automatically by society.The government stopped at light corvees and thin taxes, and less taxation.It is the responsibility of the society itself, and it is taught by scholars. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were gangs in society, which were a kind of labor organization and also had a financial nature.And pass the whole country, not limited to regional.At the end of the late Qing Dynasty, Shanghai was the largest commercial port with five ports of trade, where laborers gathered and became the center of gangs.Mr. Sun Yat-sen advocated revolution and attached great importance to gangs, and his power to win gangs was also great.That is to say, overseas Chinese, such as in the United States, such as in various places in Southeast Asia, have supported the revolutionary movement.It's everywhere.Although it is not a gang, the nature is similar. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, when there were social turmoil, there were local group trainings, which were actually like gangs.Although group training is regional, it is not limited to regions.For example, Xiangxiang Tuanlian in Hunan, that is, to eliminate the chaos of Pinghong and Yang, is well known to all.Therefore, going back up, the chivalry of mountains, forests, rivers and lakes has existed since ancient times.Chinese social characteristics can be found here.The ancients of China also called Confucianism and Xia, Han Feiyun: "Confucianism uses literature to disrupt the law, and chivalry uses martial arts to break the law."That is to say, from the heroes in ancient Chinese society and the gangs of Jianghu in later generations, and elaborating their nature and significance in detail, the activity and popularity of the scholar class in the society under the Chinese cultural tradition can also be imagined. carry on. In modern times, the people of the country were shocked by westernization, and all the directions they went to were like learning to walk in Handan.As for the traditional history and traditions of the national society of our own country, we no longer study carefully.A tree without roots, water without a source, if there is any achievement, it must be neither a donkey nor a horse. If you lose yourself, you will not learn from others.If we follow the example, China should be divided into dozens of small countries and dozens of governments can be established.Split up and fight, and the common people get close.Otherwise, we should only seek beautification, not Europeanization.Since then, American Jewish blacks and European whites have become the top three, and China is eager to have this hope.However, Chinese people would like to use Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People of Nation, Democracy, and People's Livelihood to replace Lincoln's "Owning by the People, Governing by the People, and Enjoying the People."In short, China is China, the West is the West, and the historical lines are divided.I don't know how hard the people of this country should work in order to complete the complete westernization, but they can only wait for it, and I am afraid that it will be impossible to imagine. (written in October 1981)