Chapter 94 second quarter

On the tenth day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar in 1884, Long Yun was born in a Yi family in Yanshan, Zhaotong, Yunnan. Locally, there are three classes in Yi society: Tusi, Black Yi and White Yi.The chieftain is the ruling class, the black Yi is the landlord and slave owner class, and the white Yi is the ruled class who work as cattle and horses.These three classes are strictly hierarchical and insurmountable. Not only can they not intermarry, but different classes cannot eat together and sit on an equal footing.When talking and communicating, the chieftain sat on a high stool in the house, the black Yi sat on a low stool at the door, and the white Yi could only stand outside the door and talk.

At that time, the marriage custom in the Yi District of Zhaotong, Yunnan was not the order of the parents and the words of the matchmaker in the Han area of ​​the Central Plains, but the popular "marriage snatching": the man who took a fancy to someone's daughter and wanted to be the groom within the scope of roughly the same family conditions Just take the lead and lead a group of people in the family to snatch the woman.This kind of custom has formed the Yi people's martial arts custom. There are three major families of black Yi in the local area. According to the pronunciation, the Chinese translations are Zhejia, Hejia and Najijia.Long Yun's family is one of the three families, Najib's family.

The three-person family intermarries with each other, but it is unambiguous to fight each other when there is a conflict. A kind of family war of life and death is called "fighting enemies".Long Yun was carefully trained by many boxers hired by his family since he was a child, including Wan Zhengkun from Guangxi who was once the personal bodyguard of Governor Xiliang of Yunnan and Guizhou, and Ma Desheng, a famous martial artist from Sichuan.When he was an adult, he was a good player in "beating enemies", and he reversed the situation that the Najib family had been bullied by the Hei family since his grandfather's death.

However, in 1912, in a large-scale "fight against enemies" between the Najib family and the Hei family, the Najib family led by the 18-year-old Long Yun suffered a disastrous defeat. More than 30 people were beaten to death or fell into the water. .Long Yun, who was hit hard, left his home in Dashanli with his cousin Lu Han, first went to Yongshan County, and then to Yibin, Sichuan. After the Revolution of 1911, he returned to Sichuan with the Yunnan Army. After several twists and turns, he joined the Yunnan Army Studying cavalry in the fourth session of the lecture hall. Yunnan Army Lecture Hall is a military academy founded in 1909 in the late Qing Dynasty.This school and the Southwest Associated University, which is also in Kunming, have a culture and a martial arts, and the two peaks stand side by side.Two marshals Zhu De and Ye Jianying, and more than 20 generals came out of the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall; what is even more surprising is that there are three national army commander-in-chiefs from here (one is Zhu De, the other is the commander-in-chief of the Korean People's Army) Cui Xiejian, one is the Minister of Defense of Vietnam and the Commander-in-Chief of the Vietnam People's Army Vo Nguyen Giap).Hundreds of generals have come out here one after another, and there are dozens of senior generals above lieutenant general.

The reason why the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall has such brilliant achievements in running a school is that it was controlled by outstanding members of the Tongmenghui as soon as it was established.These people not only have the ideas and concepts that are at the forefront of the times, but also most of them have the professional background of studying in the military academy in Japan. Famous figures in the Republic of China such as Cai E, Tang Jiyao, Li Gengen, and Li Liejun have served as principals or teachers.The school's system, discipline and style of work were all copied from the Japanese military academy, which was world-class at that time.

Although Long Yun's cultural foundation was poor, he came into contact with modern military affairs in the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall, the cradle of senior officers, received systematic and rigorous training, and initially gained military connections.His classmates and alumni included Sun Du, the later chairman of Rehe Province, Yang Jie, the chief of staff of the army, Fan Shisheng, Zeng Zesheng, Long Zehui, Tang Huaiyuan, Wang Jiaben, the army commanders, Zhou Baozhong, the anti-Japanese hero, and Luo Binghui, a famous military strategist. Compared with Lu Rongting and Zhang Zongchang, etc., Long Yun can be regarded as a professional student; the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall is a military academy with a strong revolutionary atmosphere, and his thinking has also received some influence, so his future actions are different from those of other separatists. Warlords are also somewhat different.

When Long Yun was studying in the martial arts hall, he once made a big splash.At that time, there was a tall and strong French boxer who came to Kunming to set up a ring, and it was nothing more than a set up, but he took advantage of his status as a Frenchman to send the challenge letter to Tang Jiyao, the governor of Yunnan and the principal of the martial arts hall, saying that if someone If he can be defeated, he will open the way immediately; if no one can defeat him within three days, he will put the ring on for a long time. Faced with the arrogance of this person challenging the whole of Yunnan, Tang Jiyao was very annoyed when he received the letter.On the first day of the opening of the arena, he went to the scene in person, pretending to be absent-minded, but actually watched the competition nervously.On this day, all those who came to power were defeated by the Frenchman.

Tang Jiyao didn't go to the scene the next day, fearing that he would go home with a bloody look on his face.He secretly issued a mobilization order to the troops: Anyone who can defeat the Frenchman will be rewarded with a lot of money and promoted to two levels.The next day, there was still no match for the French boxer. On the third day, a young man who was a full head shorter than the French Jushi jumped onto the ring, which caused a burst of laughter.After a few rounds of fighting, the Frenchman felt that every time the opponent hit him, he felt pain in his heart, so he yelled cheating, saying that the opponent had a hidden weapon.The short young man took off his coat in public, and continued to fight wearing only a Zhaotong specialty bamboo vest.Finally, he seized the opportunity, crossed his fist and head, and beat the French boxer hard on the stomach. The Frenchman, who was as strong as a cow, fell to the ground and struggled for a long time before getting up.The short Yu Nian who fought for the whole of Yunnan is Long Yun.

This incident made Long Yun proud all his life.In 1954, Zhaotong fellow villagers organized a delegation to Beijing to visit Long Yun, who had a bunch of vacant posts as "members" and "vice-chairmen".The old man in his seventies stretched out his arms and kicked his legs, just like a hero back then. The victory over the French boxer made Tang Jiyao know about Long Yun.Long Yun graduated from the lecture hall in 1914, and Tang Jiyao asked him to be his personal bodyguard by name.Long Yun, who rushed to take office next to the number one person in Yunnan, was splashed with cold water: Tang Jiyao didn't want to see him very much when he saw him.

After Tang Jiyao saw him, he was deeply disappointed and immediately prepared to "return the goods".He said: "Long Yun's words are not overwhelming, and his appearance is not amazing. I'm afraid it's inappropriate to stay with me." Fortunately, someone who admired Long Yun tried his best to protect him, so Tang Jiyao reluctantly agreed to him to stay. Long Yun, who was not valued by Tang Jiyao, was only appointed as the lieutenant's adjutant and handed over to the adjutant's subordinates.Long Yun was very frustrated, and tried to find another way out several times, but was always retained by the deputy chief You Li named Ma Weijie.

Long Yun's talent was gradually revealed. Within a few years, he gained Tang Jiyao's trust and was promoted to the captain of Tang Jiyao's guard. Tang Jiyao does not seem to be a villain in the Republic of China in general. There are two things that made his reputation: one is that he participated in the Chongjiu Uprising in 1911 during the Revolution of 1911, which ended the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty in Yunnan; E launched the uprising to protect the country and fired the first shot against Yuan Shikai's imperial system across the country.According to the "National Burial Law" passed on December 18, 1916, during the period of the Republic of China, a total of 27 people, including Huang Xing, Cai E, Sun Yat-sen, Liao Zhongkai, Li Yuanhong, Duan Qirui, Hu Hanmin, Cai Yuanpei, and Zhang Zizhong, enjoyed the state funeral. In terms of treatment, Tang Jiyao listed his contribution to protecting the country as one of them. However, when Long Yun came to serve under Tang Jiyao, Tang Jiyao, a handsome man from Huize County, Yunnan Province, had gone through the heroic period in his life, and quickly degenerated from a leading figure in the forefront of history to an overlord.Tang Jiyao's corruption provided conditions for Long Yun, who was only one year younger than him, to take away his Yunnan. Tang Jiyao monopolized Yunnan, and he bred the ambition to rule the whole country.Taking advantage of Sun Yat-sen's campaign to protect the Fa, he not only declared his support for the Dharma protection, but also established himself as the "Yinguo" banner, renamed the Yunnan Army the Yasukuni Army, and appointed himself the commander-in-chief.Under the name of supporting Sun Yat-sen, he led the rapid expansion of the army. By February 1917, Guizhou and Sichuan were occupied, and he was upgraded from the king of Yunnan to the king of Southwest China. Tang Jiyao was domineering when he arrived in Chongqing.On this day, the entire city of Chongqing was under martial law, and all ships were ordered to dock on the other side of the river; traffic was cut off along the way from Taipingmen to the Yamen of the college, and armed guards stood in front of every shop, and the windows of shops along the street and upstairs were all closed.When Tang Jiyao arrived, twenty-one cannons were fired.In front of the team is the guard cavalry; followed by the guards, all of whom wear steel helmets, carry ten-shot guns on their backs, and hold Fangtian painted halberds, completely in the style of emperors going out on patrol; and then come the flag bearers, riding tall horses, with apricot yellow palms on their palms. Roll the handsome flag with golden silk tassels, with the word "Tang" embroidered on it; then Tang Jiyao sitting in the eight-carried sedan chair, behind him is the guard team led by Long Yun. Tang Jiyao regarded Sichuan as his conquest, enslaved and looted wantonly, and at the same time divided and suppressed the Sichuan army, which aroused strong resistance from the Sichuan army and the people. In late May 1918, another round of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou War broke out. By October, the Yunnan Army was driven out of Sichuan. Gu Pinzhen, the commander of the First Army of the Sichuan-Yunnan Army, was dissatisfied with the actions of Tang Jiyao, who had participated in the Revolution of 1911 with him, and led his troops back to Yunnan to expel Tang Jiyao on the grounds that "soldiers were tired of the war". At the same time, Ye Quandi, who was stationed near Kunming, The Eighth Army also turned against Tang Jiyao.Tang Jiyao saw the internal split and the morale of the army fluctuated, so he had to take the initiative to electrify and go to the field to plan for the future. On February 8, 1921, he fled to Hong Kong with a huge sum of money and cronies. Tang Jiyao returned to Yunnan for the second time to regain power, firstly because he made a wish to be an official and paid a lot of money to win over the generals of the Yunnan army in Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition Army, and secondly because he served loyally in Longyun.When Tang Jiyao left Yunnan via southern Yunnan, he was warmly received and protected by Long Yun; he originally wanted to take Long Yun to Hong Kong, but on second thought, he decided to stay in the mirror as a foothold for his comeback. Long Yun finally changed from a captain of the guard to the leader of an independent army. He continued to expand his support for Tang Jiyao. In less than half a year, he had seven or eight thousand troops under his command. After Tang Jiyao regained his breath outside, he immediately disrupted Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition and led his old troops back to Yunnan.In the battle of Tang Jiyao's return to Yunnan, Long Yun made great contributions; in 1922, he was appointed as the acting commander of the First Army of the Yunnan Army. After expelling Tang Jiyao, Yunnan was in the hands of Gu Pinzhen.Tang Jiyao came back again, but Gu Pinzhen blindly underestimated the enemy because of his strength. As a result, Wu Xuexian, a big bandit bought by Tang Jiyao, went straight to the headquarters. Gu Pinzhen himself was shot dead, and more than 20 officials under him were executed.After leaving Yunnan for one year and one month, Tang Jiyao took charge of the Yunnan regime again. Tang Jiyao returned to Yunnan for the second time, and Long Yun, who worked hard and made great achievements, became the de facto number two figure in the Yunnan Army; although he may not have the ambition to replace Tang Jiyao, the road to Qingyun has already begun. Under Tang Jiyao's rule, the people of Yunnan suffered a lot.Because he positioned himself as the "planned future president of China", he never forgot to expand his power to win the Central Plains, and supporting this ambition required huge financial and material resources. In 1925, Yunnan's military expenditure reached 10% of the province's annual fiscal revenue. One hundred and twenty point three.Therefore, he inherited all the exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes of the former Qing Dynasty, and set up a number of separate projects. At one time, everything was taxed and collected everywhere. Yunnan Province is poor, with such a thin land, no matter how hard it is to search for it, it can't match the huge expenditure of using troops. Tang Jiyao banned smoking, forced farmers to grow opium, and made huge profits from the opium trade. In 1920, there were more than 360,000 mu of tobacco fields in Yunnan Province, and by 1923 it had reached more than 700,000 mu. At the same time, Tang Jiyao issued paper money indiscriminately, which devalued the currency and caused prices to soar. "Financial chaos was at its extreme, and the price of Dian coins plummeted." Military service in Yunnan under Tang Jiyao was even more appalling.He recruited a large number of soldiers and often resorted to forced imprisonment. Prisons in some places were full of strong men waiting to be enlisted.He loves the strong Lijiang soldiers and the minority Guishan soldiers most.Lijiang, which is a famous tourist area today, was the disaster area where soldiers were recruited at that time. The county has a population of 84,000, and a conscription competition has reduced Lijiang's population by one-eighth! People and livestock are needed, and the requisition of cattle and horses is no less fierce than conscription. During the ten years from 1912 to 1921, 8,200 military horses were confiscated in Luliang County alone. During this period, all the horses in Luliang were empty. Rural people are struggling to make a living, and the cities are equally idle. In 1920, in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan, "there were more than ten thousand families in the city who could not light a fire, and hungry people were everywhere." Tang Jiyao's life was like that of an emperor. He "was licentious and innocent, and arbitrarily plundered the children of the tribesmen as concubines and maidservants. The service of cars and public clothes was intended to be like that of the king. His guards were named Youfei Army, and the mattresses were all made of yellow satin. Embroidered dragons. There are many concubines, the family is thin and not cultivated, and the style of extravagance is rampant, and it is a battle of enjoyment." After overthrowing the feudal autocracy and opposing Yuan Shikai's proclaiming the emperor, Tang Jiyao, who was in power, quickly became the same as his revolutionary target.There are very few people in China who can escape this cycle of reincarnation. After the founding of the Republic of China, Cai E served as the governor of Yunnan for more than two years.Cai E was honest and honest, and he lowered his salary many times, and finally reduced his salary to 60 yuan a month, which is only equivalent to a platoon leader.Driven by him, incorruptibility became the atmosphere in Yunnan's military and political circles in the early years of the Republic of China, and Yunnan's people's livelihood and economy improved greatly.Now Tang Jiyao's tyranny has thrown the people of Yunnan into dire straits, and the voice of falling against Tang is getting louder and louder. The CCP's underground organization frequently promotes "Tang Jiyao's disaster in Yunnan"; and even his generals are gradually standing on the opposite side of him under his suspicion . Tang Jiyao relied on Long Yun, Hu Ruoyu, Zhang Ruji and other generals regained control of Yunnan, and their seats were secure, but they had many doubts about the generals who held heavy troops.On the one hand, he constantly weakened the various armies and provoked the relationship between the generals, making them against each other and difficult to unite; and".But this Tang Jiyu was mediocre, narrow-minded, and repelled dissidents, and was always looked down upon by Long Yun and others. Long Yun was originally loyal to Tang Jiyao, but seeing what Tang Jiyao did, he felt deeply chilled.In order to protect himself, he secretly formed brothers with Hu Ruoyu and others to jointly guard against Tang Jiyao's poisonous hands that might reach out at any time.They also wrote to Tang Jiyao, requesting to clarify the administration of officials and return power to the people, but Tang Jiyao reprimanded them. On February 2, 1927, the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, the military salary had not been paid at this time, and it had only been paid for half a month when the New Year came.The soldiers were furious and cursed at Tang Jiyao.Taking advantage of this opportunity, on February 6, the four major guard envoys in Yunnan—Long Yun, guard envoys of Kunming, Hu Ruoyu, envoys of Mengzi, Zhang Ruqi, envoys of Zhaotong, and Li Xuanting, envoys of Dali—launched a "military remonstrance" against Tang Jiyao and joined forces to encircle Kunming. , demanded to pay off the wages owed, to undertake corruption, to remove the scumbags, and to expel Tang San.This is the famous "February 6 coup" in Yunnan history.On the day of the coup, Long Yun's army took over Kunming and heavily fortified the railway station, city gates and important streets.The conceited Tang Jiyao did not expect to be preempted by his subordinates. When he came back to his senses, he was powerless. After seeing Long Yun's very polite power-up, he accepted the reality and agreed to hand over power, reorganize the provincial government, and order Tang Jiyu left. In fact, Tang Jiyu, the thorn in the eyes of the generals, had already fled to Vietnam by train when he saw that the situation was not good when the coup d'etat happened. The "February 6th Coup" ended Tang Jiyao's 14-year rule in Yunnan, the provincial government was reorganized into the Provincial Affairs Committee, and Hu Ruoyu was promoted as the chairman of the Provincial Affairs Committee.Because the power of the four people is roughly equal, and it is necessary to bring out someone to be the nominal boss to achieve balance, and no one wants to wear the hat of "offender", so Tang Jiyao was "promoted" as a nominal "provincial committee" president". At that time, the people of Yunnan were elated by the overthrow of Tang Jiyao. Now they see the nondescript idea of ​​adding a president to the chairman of the provincial affairs committee. Although they know that Tang Jiyao is just a puppet now, they are also very disappointed with such a "new deal". Tang Jiyao, who lost his power, also tried to find opportunities to fight back or abscond, but he failed. On March 8, 1927, International Women's Day, the Communist Party of China in Yunnan organized a mass meeting attended by more than 3,000 people. During the rally, they chanted the slogan "Down with the warlord Tang Jiyao" and destroyed Tang Jiyao's former government newspaper, Southwest Daily. "Newspaper.Tang Jiyao, who was wearing the false hat of "President" in Yunnan, was angry and anxious, suffered from stomach problems, and vomited blood continuously; on May 23 of that year, Tang Jiyao died at the age of forty-three. When he was dying, the four generals who launched the coup came to visit him on his sickbed.Tang Jiyao's old hatred was hard to get rid of, he ignored no one, but muffled to Long Yun: "You have to maintain it!" With the vision of an old warlord who has been in Yunnan for half his life, Tang Jiyao knew that the future of Yunnan must be ruled by Long Yun. Sure enough, on June 14, 1927, less than a month after Tang Jiyao's death, a fight broke out between Long, Hu, and Zhang.The result of the fight was: Long Yun survived the catastrophe and ascended to the throne of "King of Yunnan". On March 8, 1927, the Yunnan Provincial Affairs Committee officially opened its doors.On the first day of office, a 20-gun salute was fired, and the atmosphere was quite enthusiastic.However, now the most powerful figure in Yunnan, Long Yun, did not appear at the ceremony, which was a big disappointment. Long Yun was in charge of Libing, but after ousting Tang Jiyao, he only got the position of a member of the Provincial Affairs Committee and the principal of the Yunnan Army Lecture School, and the top position was given to Hu Ruoyu, who had the most seniority.Long Yun did not attend the inauguration ceremony of the Provincial Affairs Committee to express his dissatisfaction. The most powerful comparison at that time was that the four former Tang Jiyao's guardian envoys were now Yunnan's quartet. Among the four, Long Yun was the strongest, followed by Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Ruji, and Li Xuanting was the weakest.Hu Ruoyu knew that Long Yun would not be willing to be inferior to him, so he always planned to eliminate this scourge, and Zhang, Hu, and Li also leaned towards Hu Ruoyu. In the early morning of June 14, 1927, Hu Ruoyu sent a brigade to suddenly surround Long Yun's private house by the Green Lake in Kunming.Wang Jiexiu, who led the team, commanded the artillery to fire repeatedly into the house. Long Yun was startled from his sleep. At this time, his 250-man guard had been disarmed, and only his bodyguards were fighting with their lives. Long Yun jumped out of bed and went into battle.However, a shell shattered the window glass of his house, and pieces of glass flew, one of which shot into his eyes, and Long Yun's eyes were suddenly blurred with blood.Long Yun, who lost his resistance, was caught without a fight. On the same day, Hu Ruoyu issued a circular, claiming that the incomplete political reform in Yunnan after Tang Jiyao's resignation was due to Long Yun's interference, and now "this officer will be dismissed from his position and armed forces"; . While raiding Long Yun's house, Long Yun's troops were also suddenly besieged, but most of them broke through; Lu Han, Long Yun's cousin and general, climbed out of the stone wall when he was besieged at home, and fled Kunming in disguise. .Although Long Yun fell into the enemy's hands, his strength did not suffer much loss. It was precisely because of his power that Hu Ruoyu didn't dare to execute Long Yun immediately.We all know that Long Yun is strong in martial arts, in order to prevent him from escaping, according to Wang Jiexiu's suggestion, Hu Ruoyu ordered someone to make a big iron cage, and imprisoned Long Yun in it like an animal for more than a month.For more than a month, Long Yun was tortured: his eye, which was pierced by a piece of glass, could not be healed, resulting in lifelong blindness; moreover, his body was covered with lice, even in his eyebrows! After becoming the "King of Yunnan", Long Yun never forgets this experience. He often said to his family: "You think I am easy to get the provincial chairman? Is it easy to be locked in an iron cage for more than a month?" Just when Hu Ruoyu thought he had brought down Long Yun and made speeches declaring that "political obstacles have been removed", Long Yun's subordinates counterattacked. The Longyun troops, who had lost their top officers, did not submit to each other and were unable to act in unison for a while, so Lu Han sent people to sneak into Kunming and invited Hu Ying, the veteran of the Dian army.Under the unified command of Hu Ying and the direct leadership of Lu Han, the Long Army defeated Hu Ruoyu's troops in Xiangyun County and Lufeng County, and quickly pushed back to Kunming. Only then did Hu Ruoyu, who was still sitting still, realize how powerful Long Yun was.Seeing that the situation was critical, he felt that he was no match for Long Jun and had to leave a way out for himself. He immediately released Long Yun, and changed his attitude towards Long Yun, saying that the great affairs of Yunnan still had to be controlled by Commander Long; On March 31, he issued a telegram, saying that he couldn't bear the disaster of war for the elders in Kunming, and "determined to disband and return to farming, not to care about world affairs, and to hand over the affairs of Yunnan to Commander Long." In an instant, Long Yun changed from a prisoner whose life and death were hanging by a thread to Hu Ruoyu and others' desperate fawning target, very surprised.After he was released, he had lingering fears and did not dare to act rashly, so he changed his residence twice.After Hu Ying, Lu Han, Zhu Xu and others sent letters and telegraphed several times, they returned to Kunming. Hu Ying handed over the seal of the provincial government and the customs defense of the 38th Army to Long Yun. On August 13, Long Yun announced his inauguration as the chairman of the Provincial Affairs Committee and appointed Hu Ying, who had made great contributions in the battle to rescue him, as a provincial affairs committee member. Gifts are added. August 13, 1927 was the starting point of Long Yun's 18-year rule of Yunnan. On August 16, Long Yun suddenly wanted to resign as chairman. He said: "To adapt to the needs of the national revolution, and strive to realize the spirit of democracy, the committee members' collegial system is made open, and the foundation is firmly established, and the people are prosperous and the people are prosperous." The rare voice of democracy is that he has just come to power and is winning people's hearts. On August 22, the Provincial Assembly officially canceled the title of chairman, and adopted a system of rotation of provincial councilors, "so as not to become a dictatorship and lose the collegiate system."However, in fact, Yunnan has become the world of Longyun. After Long Yun came to power, what he focused on was to flatten the various armed forces.He first sent troops to surround Wang Jiexiu's troops. After several hours of fierce fighting, Wang Jiexiu was defeated and surrendered.Within a few days, Wang Jiexiu, who first led the army to capture Long Yun and later offered to imprison Long Yun in an iron cage, was hacked to death by Long Yun without hesitation. By 1929, Zhang Ruqi was also captured by Long Yun and taken to Dali for execution; Hu Ruoyu was besieged on all sides, escaped from the siege alone from the iron chain bridge on the cliff, and fled to Shanghai.After three years of war and the suppression of bandits, Yunnan was pacified by Long Yun. At the end of 1929, he sent people to Nanjing to meet Chiang Kai-shek, and reported to Chiang Kai-shek that the situation in Yunnan had been settled.When warlords from all walks of life in Yunnan were fighting, Chiang Kai-shek, who had no control over the southwestern border, let them fight, and he recognized whoever won.Now that Long Yun won, Chiang Kai-shek immediately issued an organizational order of the Yunnan provincial government, appointing Long Yun as the chairman of the Yunnan provincial government, and at the same time established a provincial government committee consisting of eight soldiers, directors of the four departments of civil affairs, finance, construction, and education, and the secretary of the provincial government. It is composed of thirteen people including five civil officials. Although this appointment was just a formality, it gave Long Yun a legal basis for the source of power to rule Yunnan.Long Yun fully controlled Guangyun and Yunnan, and he announced that he would build a "new Yunnan".The remarkable "Dragon Cloud Era" in the local history of Yunnan began.