Chapter 77 third quarter

When the Qing Dynasty was still alive, what a sacred and sacred place the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty were.According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, for the emperor's mausoleum, there should be one general manager, two wing chiefs, two Xiaoqi school members, sixteen Zhangjing members, and about 80 armor soldiers for the protection of the emperor's mausoleum.These officers and soldiers are divided into eight squads every month, each squad has two Zhangjing members and ten Jiabing soldiers, patrolling day and night.By the middle of the Guangxu Dynasty, the total strength of the Eight Banners stationed in Dongling reached more than 1,100.

In addition, the Green Battalion located at Malanguan is an army dedicated to protecting the safety of Tanglin Mausoleum.In the first year of Yongzheng, there were three battalions under its jurisdiction. With the continuous expansion of the mausoleum, by the fifth year of Jiaqing, Malan Town had administered eight battalions, and the number had expanded from 600 to more than 1,000. By the ninth year of Guangxu, The number soared to 3,157. In addition to the Forbidden City, the imperial mausoleum area can be regarded as the first restricted area. Many laws and regulations to protect the imperial mausoleum are clearly written in the "Law of the Qing Dynasty". Those who violate the mausoleum will dismount from their horses a hundred steps away, and those who violate it will be considered disrespectful, and they will be given a hundred sticks"; The hills are shaded and guarded, and those who steal and cut down, take soil, take stones, open kilns, and set fire to the hills will all be injured by the hills, and they are also disrespectful. Regardless of guarding ordinary people, the leader will be beheaded, and the follower will be sent to the army."Dare to "disrespect" or destroy the imperial mausoleum, the punishment is extremely cruel.

Under such strict guards, until Puyi abdicated and the Qing Dynasty fell, although there were small-scale fires, felling, and theft in the entire Dongling District, it was a fool's dream to get into the tomb to split the coffin and steal treasures. thing. After the Qing emperor abdicated, according to the relevant clauses in the preferential treatment conditions, the guards and institutions of the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty still inherited the Qing system.The Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty belonged to the "royal family's private property". According to the regulations of "integrated protection", there were mausoleum ministers who guarded the mausoleum households of the Eight Banners. The Clan Mansion, the Ministry of Rites and Works and other institutions continued to undertake various affairs of the mausoleum area.

However, the Qing Dynasty has collapsed, and the former sacred forbidden place can no longer maintain that dignity.According to the conditions of preferential treatment for abdication, the government of the Republic of China allocated 4 million taels of silver every year to clear the house. However, due to the arrears of the government of the Republic of China and the profligacy of Puyi's small court, the salaries and rice used for the staff of Tangling's various institutions were first halved. It was barely maintained until 1914. On the grounds that they had no salary and urgently needed to solve the living difficulties of the bannermen, the mausoleum guards recommended the Minister of Mausoleum Protection to Pu Yi to approve the land reclamation of the mausoleum area to maintain their livelihoods; after that, the destruction of the land and forests of Dongling Gradually escalate. In 1921, the Zhili provincial authorities directly intervened in the robbery of trees in the mausoleum area, and established the so-called "Eastern Wasteland Reclamation Bureau", and the land and trees in the Dongling area began to be destroyed on a large scale.

In just over ten years, the "Yi Shu" and "Sea Tree" of the former Qianquan and Houlong in Dongling District were stolen and felled. The mausoleum environment has been devastated unprecedentedly. What's more serious is that when Zhang Zuolin, who controlled the Beiyang government, was defeated and the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived, Dongling was in a vacuum of no one to care about and manage.The ground buildings of Dongling were robbed and demolished by various warlords and local bandits. First, all the copper decorations of the halls, such as copper nails and copper characters, were all stolen, and then the partitions, sill frames, and window lattices of each hall were all stolen.

Yupeng, the Minister of Mausoleum Protection, saw that the current situation was so chaotic, he stopped guarding it wholeheartedly, and began to collude with the guardians to dismantle and sell the large tripod furnaces, copper cranes, and copper deer displayed on the platform in front of the Longen Hall of each mausoleum. , pocketed. Seeing that the ministers guarding the mausoleum were guarding and stealing from themselves, the local residents even believed that the palace contents of the mausoleum could be taken freely, so they flocked into the mausoleum area, demolished the palace, and stole and sold wantonly.During the period, a group of thieves took advantage of the chaos and dug up the tomb of Concubine Hui, entered the underground palace, threw the coffin and raised the corpse, and stole a lot of treasures.

With this beginning, the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty are like a big piece of fat left open. Many military bandits and robbers salivate with blood-red eyes. The catastrophe of the Eastern Tombs is only a matter of time. Before Sun Dianying, it was Ma Futian and Wang Shaoyi who set out to steal and excavate the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty.Ma Futian was originally a bandit, and he gathered a group of people to live by kidnapping. In 1927, Ma Futian accepted the recruitment and brought his bandit gang of more than 600 people to join the Fengjun Army, where he became the head of the regiment.Wang Shaoyi worked as a tomb repairer in his early years, joined the bandit gang at the age of 20, and later became Ma Futian's trusted adviser.

In June 1928, under the attack of the Northern Expeditionary Army, Ma Futian saw that Fengjun's situation was over, so he dragged his men up the mountain to become a bandit again, and robbed houses in his hometown Malanyu.While doing several "small businesses" that robbed money and set fire to more than a dozen shops, he sent people to sneak into Dongling to spy on the movement and see if there was any possibility of robbery.Stealing Dongling is a dream he has kept in his heart for many years!At this time, when the Feng army was retreating but the Northern Expeditionary Army had not arrived yet, and Dongling had no soldiers to guard the vacuum, he was overjoyed and immediately realized that this was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. ?Ma Futian immediately led the bandits into Dongling, and began to realize his long-term wish.

In just a few days, he and his gang of bandits almost ransacked all the valuable objects remaining on the ground of Dongling and several royal tombs in Huanghua Mountain.Just when Ma Futian was about to strike at the mausoleum of the emperor's empress in Dongling, the mantis stalked the cicada, the oriole was behind, and Marshal Sun Dianying appeared on the stage. Sun Dianying was originally a person with a history.In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), the Qing soldiers detoured into the Great Wall, went deep into the south of Kyoto, and attacked Gaoyang City.Sun Chengzong, the Shangshu of the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty and a scholar of Dongge University who returned home after returning home, led his family and the whole city residents to defend the city against the Qing Dynasty.Sun Chengzong vowed not to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing army strangled the old man in his seventies to death, and then slaughtered all the family members of the Sun family and the entire city.Only one of Sun Chengzong's four sons, Sun Hao, escaped from a nanny when the city was broken, and brought out a baby boy.

This baby boy grew up and settled down in Yongcheng, Henan Province. He is the ancestor of Sun Dianying. Sun Dianying was nicknamed "Sun Dazi" because he had smallpox. His father was killed by a bannerman when he was young, and he lived in poverty.His mother doted on him so much that he developed a lawless habit since he was a child; when he grew up, he mingled in the casino every day, made a living by gambling, and even practiced the unique skill of knowing any mahjong tile he was good at; Engaged in opium trafficking, and joined the Temple Fair Road, a non-governmental organization in western Henan, and gradually became the leader of the Temple Fair Road with his extraordinary wit.Because he was willing to spend a lot of money on various managements, he trafficked opium, manufactured drugs and exported them to Shanghai, making huge profits.

In 1922, when "Scholar General" Wu Peifu was in Luoyang, he strictly ordered the arrest of Sun Dianying, a big drug dealer. He could not gain a foothold in Luoyang, so he fled to Shanzhou. He gathered a group of bandits, gamblers, cigarette dealers and other teams to rule the roost.In order to gain more power, Sun Dianying defected to Ding Xiangling, the guardian envoy of Western Henan, Ye Quan, the commander of the National Army, and others, and then switched to "Shandong King" Zhang Zongchang, and was appreciated by Zhang Zongchang, who was also a bandit. In the spring of 1926, Zhang Zongchang and Li Jinglin joined forces to counterattack the National Army. Sun Dianying led his troops to attack the Xu Yongchang Department of the Third Army of the National Army. The 15th division was expanded later, with Sun Dianying as the commander.When the Zhilu Allied Forces retreated under the attack of the Northern Expedition, Sun Dianying, who was good at adapting to the wind, turned to Xu Yuanquan, who was then the commander-in-chief of the Sixth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and Sun Dianying was the commander of the Twelfth Army. He became an officer of the National Revolutionary Army and led his troops to garrison in Zunhua, Hebei. In the early summer of 1928, Sun Dianying led his troops to station at Mashenqiao, Jixian County, which was only separated from the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty by a mountain. Sun Dianying's team is a miscellaneous army that does not belong to the regular army of the Kuomintang, and is not "born" of Chiang Kai-shek. Sun's food and salary have been owed and deducted for a long time, so that the officers and soldiers have not been paid for half a year. The morale of the army is fluctuating. There is even the danger of mutiny.In the face of this severe situation, Sun Dianying was heartbroken, and it would be difficult for him not to see the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty, which is a great treasure house close at hand. Even if there is no shortage of money, as long as there is a chance, Sun Dianying will not let go of Dongling's treasure, let alone when he is short of money?But now, after all, he is an officer of the Republic of China under someone's control, not a bandit in the green forest, so he can't just do what he says. So he found Xu Yuanquan, his boss and commander-in-chief of the army, and repeatedly urged Xu Yuanquan to pay; Xu Yuanquan had no choice but to talk empty words and delay;Finally, Sun Dianying had a showdown, saying that the soldiers had suffered so much that the food and salaries had not been paid for a long time. Someone suggested digging up the Dongling Tomb and using the treasures in the tomb as military salary to tide over the difficulties! After Xu Yuanquan was surprised, he was also moved. He knew that if he really did this, this grandson would no longer have to urge him to pay, and more importantly, he would definitely have his share of the treasure, so he hummed, No statement.Knowing that he had no objection, Sun Dianying immediately summoned his teachers to plan. In this way, the aforementioned attempt by Ma Futian and Wang Shaoyi to steal treasures just became an excellent excuse for Sun Dianying to enter Dongling District.He immediately ordered his division commander Tan Wenjiang to attack Ma Futian's department in the name of "suppressing bandits".The two sides fought fiercely in Malanyu Town, and Ma Futian was defeated.Ma and Wang stared at the treasure of Dongling, which they couldn't eat, and retreated with hatred. Immediately, Sun Dianying drove into the mausoleum in the name of searching for enemies and inspecting weapons.Then, he posted more than a dozen notices everywhere, announcing that in order to protect the safety of Dongling, military exercises will be held in the mausoleum area, and the entire mausoleum area will be closed. Under the name of "military exercise", the mausoleum area was strictly sealed off, and the bombing of the mausoleum and the robbery of treasures that shocked the country and abroad began.