Chapter 15 first quarter

If, as the current media likes to do, the selection of "the ten most important years in Chinese history", or even only three or five years, is indispensable, the historical significance of this year is not only It is regime change, regime change. 1911 is the year of Xinhai in the lunar calendar. The Revolution of 1911 that took place in this year is truly epoch-making -- the feudal era in China ended and the new era of the Republic began.The Republic of China, established after the revolution, was the first republic in Asia. Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, China, which has been impoverished, weak, rigid and self-styled, and has been thrown away by the world trend year by year, has finally taken a big step forward, and hope has come to this eastern land that has long been shrouded in historical clouds.

We all know that this revolution first started in Wuchang, Hubei, and then everywhere was destroyed, and the Qing Dynasty collapsed.But at that time, it was the second Guangzhou Uprising in April of that year (compared to the Guangzhou New Army Uprising on February 12, 1910), which was later called the "Yellow Flowers". The Battle of the Gang Uprising. Before the second Guangzhou Uprising, Sun Yat-sen and the revolutionaries launched nine consecutive uprisings within 15 years. Although people saw that the Qing Dynasty was already full of magma, this old tree that had grown for more than 260 years It is covered with bruises, its foundation has not been shaken, and its rule is still lingering year after year.

Sun Yat-sen and the revolutionaries have repeatedly risen and fallen, and they are already impatient.They made careful preparations for the Guangzhou Uprising. The financial resources, sufficient equipment, capable personnel, and thoughtful organization of the Guangzhou Uprising far surpassed previous uprisings. The first thing to do in an uprising is money, Sun Yat-sen, the Prime Minister of the Tongmenghui, is indeed a master of fundraising and financing.During the preparations for the uprising, the travel expenses for gathering personnel from all over the country cost 5,000 yuan per day.Sun Yat-sen, who planned in Penang Island in Nanyang, summoned local overseas Chinese party members and raised 8,000 yuan in one night. He also ordered the leaders of the Tongmenghui to go to various places to solicit donations, and within a few days they got another 50,000 to 60,000 yuan.

For this uprising, the estimated expenditure was 130,000 Hong Kong dollars, but the actual donations reached 187,000 Hong Kong dollars.Among them, overseas Chinese in America donated 77,000 yuan, and overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia donated 80,000 yuan. Among the overseas Chinese, Zhigongtang (Hongmen), a non-governmental organization, is the most active in donating to the revolution. The traditional purpose of Hongmen is to "anti-Qing and restore the Ming Dynasty", and it is consistent with the revolutionaries in anti-Qing.More importantly, Sun Yat-sen joined the Zhigongtang in Honolulu in 1903, and his position was "Hong Gang"-this name that reminds people of villains, litigation sticks, and party sticks is very unpleasant, but it actually means "Marshal".In order to donate to the Guangzhou Uprising, Victoria Zhigongtang sold off its properties and handed over 30,000 to 3,000 yuan to Sun Yat-sen at once.

Zhang Binglin has always been unconvinced by Sun Yat-sen. When he was elected president after the founding of the Republic of China, he also said, "Huang Xing should belong to the discussion of merit, Song Jiaoren should belong to the discussion of talent, and Wang Jingwei should belong to the discussion of virtue." Can express admiration. The money was mainly used to buy arms: 513 guns from Japan, 116 guns from Saigon, and more than 30 guns from Hong Kong, plus those left in Hong Kong from previous failed uprisings. There are more than 770 guns in total, and all guns are equipped with enough bullets.

In addition, a large amount of explosives were purchased. Yu Peilun, a bomb expert, led a group of people non-stop for three days and three nights without closing their eyes, and made more than 500 bombs. Before the uprising, he also bought 300 broadswords. In terms of personnel input, in previous uprisings, most of them hired death squads with money; and this uprising, with the Guangzhou New Army as the main force, selected 800 people from the party members as the forwards of the death squads.The death squads came from Guangdong, Fujian, Anhui, Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Nanyang. A considerable number of these people were foreign students, teachers, military officers, and missionaries. In terms of education and ideology, they were undoubtedly the most advanced Chinese at that time. However, In order to end the feudal dynasty and open up a new world of China, these national elites resolutely carried their guns to the field, willing to be soldiers in the charge.

Lin Juemin, a member of the death squad and a native of Fuzhou, wrote a suicide note to his wife before the war. He wrote: "When I wrote this book, I was still a person in the world; when you read this book, I have become a ghost in the underworld...My beloved Ru, just the thought of loving you makes me brave enough to die. Since I met you, I always wish all lovers in the world to be married; however, the ground is full of fishy clouds, and the streets are full of dogs and dogs. How many families can do it?...First marriage For three or four months, before and after Wangri, which is suitable for winter, the shadows of the sparse plums and the moon outside the window are vaguely hidden; I join hands with you, from the bottom to the bottom, why don’t you say anything? Fortunately, I am so unfortunate to be born in today's China! I am fortunate to have you, so so unfortunate to be born in today's China..."

The tenderness of the iron shoulders has been chanted through the ages.Lin Juemin, whether it is "awakening the people" or "making the people awaken", his actions, together with so many party members, have practiced the righteousness of these two words. Another 51-year-old man from Hunan, Tan Renfeng, asked Huang Xing, the military director of the Tongmenghui, to join the Death Squad. Huang Xing said, "You are old, and after the uprising is successful, there are still many things that need you, so don't join."Tan Renfeng said: "You are not afraid of death, am I?" Huang Xing had no choice but to give him two pistols.Unexpectedly, as soon as he received the gun, he mistakenly touched the trigger and the gun went off. Fortunately, the bullet hit the roof.Huang Xing couldn't laugh or cry, and put the gun back.

Huang Xing drew up an uprising strategy: first set up thirty-eight secret strongholds in Guangzhou City, and the guns and ammunition were secretly transported to Guangzhou before the uprising and stored in the strongholds; It is to capture important places such as the governor's office of Guangdong and Guangxi, the governor's office, the naval platform, the city tower, the police station, and the telecommunications bureau.Uprising leaders Huang Xing and Zhao Sheng also led the way. Tan Renfeng raised doubts about this strategy, believing that the troops were scattered. He especially opposed Huang and Zhao's personal battle, thinking that this would make the battle lose the control center.Huang Xing said to him: "Whether the whole army is brave or not depends on whether Zhao Sheng and I are brave or not, so don't object!"

The revolutionaries who had suffocated their energy were gearing up, waiting for the day of trouble to cause a huge upside down. Maybe it is Wuchang, where God wants to save the victory until October.The well-prepared Guangzhou Uprising was full of hardships.First, part of the funds from the Americas and Dutch Southeast Asia did not arrive in time, then part of the arms from Japan and Annan did not arrive as planned, and then Wu Jing was arrested at the Guangzhou ship wharf carrying a bomb, and then the assassination of water soldiers before the incident was carried out. Wen Shengcai, the admiral of the division, mistakenly killed General Fu Qi in Guangzhou as Li Zhun, leading to martial law in Guangzhou...

Guangzhou already felt that the rain was about to come, and Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, dispatched the Second Battalion of the Patrol Battalion to station at Guanyin Mountain and the Dragon King Temple. On the morning of April 27th, two secret strongholds were cracked!In the afternoon, another stronghold was cracked! Huang Xing made a decisive decision: If we go any further, we will be waiting for death, and we can't calmly plan. We will attack at 5:30 p.m. that day! At 5:30 p.m. on April 27, 1911, four insurgents blew the tragic and desolate conch horn. Huang Xing led more than 120 death squads, wrapped in white scarves and holding guns and bombs, and went straight to the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. yamen.The guards of the yamen started to resist after being shocked. The revolutionary army fired all bullets, scattered the guards, killed the guard belt, and rushed into the governor's yamen. Zhang Mingqi, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, knew that there might be changes in the near future. He moved his family out a few days ago. When the revolutionary army came, he was alone in the yamen, and fled to the admiral's yamen in a hurry. Huang Xing and others couldn't find it, so he set it on fire. Governor's Office. After rushing out, they encountered Li Zhun's personal brigade head-on. During the encounter, six people including Lin Wen, Liu Yuandong, and Lin Yinfa were shot and died one after another.Huang Xing was interrupted by the first joint of the second index finger of his right hand, and he still used the severed finger to command the battle.He divided his subordinates into three groups. He led ten people out of the Great South Gate to meet the patrol battalion; Xu Weiyang led forty people out of the Xiaobei Gate to meet the new army; What followed was an embarrassing scene: Huang Xing met the patrol battalion at the bottom of the double gate along the way. This patrol battalion came to respond to the uprising. Li Zhun, therefore, did not wear the white scarves agreed upon by the Revolutionary Army; while Huang Xing and others did not know the opponent's plan beforehand, seeing that the opposing troops did not wear the corresponding armbands, they ordered an attack. Seven or eight people in the patrol battalion died and dispersed.This cannibalism immediately caused the momentum of the uprising to decline. On the way to storm the supervisory office, they encountered a large group of Qing soldiers, so they took a detour and changed to attack the Dragon King Temple.Yu Peilun, who led the way, took the lead, with a basket full of bombs hanging on his chest, a horn in his left hand, and a pistol in his right;Fighting until midnight, gradually outnumbered.Yu Peilun, who was wounded in many places all over his body, led the crowd back to the Mengyuan rice shop in Gaoyangli, where they used rice bags as a base to shoot at the Qing soldiers.During the breakout, Yu Peilun was captured and killed. Huang Xing fought to the last person, looked around and saw that there was no comrade, so he sneaked into a small shop, changed his clothes and escaped; other death squads also sneaked into the homes of Guangzhou residents.Afterwards, the hard-hit Qing government gritted its teeth and hunted down the rebels in Guangzhou City, Hong Kong-Macau ships and the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway. The Guangzhou Uprising failed after a day and night of fierce fighting.Due to repeated setbacks before the uprising, the uprising was hasty, most of the forces failed to mobilize, and the command was ineffective during the uprising. This uprising, which the party members placed high hopes on, eventually became a military adventure for Huang Xing and others. Some of the insurgents died on the spot, some were arrested and sacrificed, and the governor's office was littered with corpses.The Qing government, which hated the revolutionaries deeply, notified Guangren, Yili, Guangji, and Aiyu to collect the corpses five days later.The remains of martyrs with severed heads, broken arms, and bloody flesh were piled up in the open space in front of the Advisory Bureau, which was a horrible sight.The governors of Nanhai and Panyu counties (Guangzhou belonged to Nan and Pan counties at that time) discussed with each other and ordered Shantang to be buried in the smelly hill outside Dadongmen. Smelly Hill is a place dedicated to burying death row inmates. The bones of executed criminals are often buried hastily there, and the stench is so bad that it is called Smelly Hill. The good directors of the shantang knew the historical weight of the victims, and it was a great insult to bury the martyrs here. The good directors dared not agree, but they were frightened by the Qing government's despotic power and could do nothing. At this time, Pan Dawei, an underground member of the Tongmenghui, stepped forward. He opened up his joints and cleared the government through his friend Jiang Kongyin, the supervisor of Guangdong, Guangxi and Qingxiang, and agreed that the remains of the martyrs could be relocated to other places.It just so happened that a Western doctor who sympathized with the revolution was willing to donate a piece of land he bought with tens of thousands of diamonds. Panda Wei was very happy. In the end, Guangren Shantang donated the Honghuagang plot beside Shahema Road, and Pan Dawei handed over the funeral to his well-connected cousin-in-law Guo Weiquan.Guo Weiquan counted the remains of 73 and bought 73 coffins; Pan Dawei, who felt sorry for the deceased comrades, felt that the coffins were too thin, so he immediately asked Guo Weiquan to buy thicker coffins at his own expense.Seeing this, a hospital donated their coffins. Although these coffins were not very good, they were not too bad. Panda Wei expressed his satisfaction after seeing them. When collecting the remains, due to the long time of death, the corpses rotted and swelled, the corpses were smelly, and the ground was full of maggots;Guo Weiquan added money to the craftsmen, so they smashed the shackles with a hammer, separated the corpses one by one, washed the blood, put on clothes, and put them in the coffin. More than a hundred artisans participated in the funeral, working from 11:00 am to 4:00 pm.Relying on the help of his usual friends, Guo Weiquan is responsible for counting, identifying and registering one by one.Guo Weiquan was suspicious when he found a body wearing a blue cloth without a white scarf (all rebels wore white scarves as a mark). He asked everyone, and a craftsman testified: This is the servant of the Qing official Li, and he must not be a member of the revolutionaries.The body was taken elsewhere. ?? Seven Ai s? Ten Ai s? When the coffins of the martyrs were sent for burial, the sky was cloudy and rainy, and God wept.More than a hundred craftsmen carried the coffin and marched towards Honghuagang. Pan Dawei and Guo Weiquan followed behind, weeping in mourning.The citizens were afraid that the Qing government would cause trouble, so they did not dare to send them off. They just watched from a distance, and many could not stop their tears.After arriving at Honghuagang, he found that the tomb had not been dug deep enough, so Panda Wei paid extra money to the earthworker and dug it deeper before burying it. Afterwards, Pan Dawei, who loves chrysanthemums, changed the name of Honghuagang to Huanghuagang, and the Guangzhou Uprising was also called Huanghuagang Uprising. After entering the Republic of China, after detailed investigation, the number of martyrs who died in this battle was 86, and the total number of martyrs is estimated to be more than 100. Those who participated in this uprising were all key members of the revolutionary party. Sun Yat-sen lamented: "The essence of our party must be burned!"