Chapter 14 Lecture 12

In the battle of Huang Tiandang, Han Shizhong blocked Wanyan Zongbi's 100,000 army with 8,000 troops, and Jin Guo's military operation to search the mountains and seas to capture Zhao Gou was declared a failure.In the fourth year of Jianyan, Song Gaozong returned to Lin'an. From his ascension to the throne in the first year of Jianyan to his return to Lin'an in the fourth year of Jianyan, several years of wandering and fleeing life left a deep psychological shadow on Song Gaozong.One of the worst times, Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty drifted at sea for more than four months.On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the Shangyuan Festival was originally a day for family reunion, but the monarchs and ministers could only drift on the sea.Suddenly, they found two big ships coming straight towards them with the wind and waves.The monarchs and ministers were all frightened, thinking that the pursuers of the Kingdom of Jin had arrived, because they heard that the pursuers of the Kingdom of Jin had arrived in Ningzhou (Ningbo today) and had already gone into the sea.As a result, they entered a state of high combat readiness and prepared to disperse the fleet.Fortunately, Emperor Gaozong was still relatively calm, so he sent the navy to ask what the boat was doing.After asking, I found out that the two ships were selling oranges.Gaozong was very happy when he found out, and bought the two boats of oranges as soon as he opened his mouth, and then ordered people to distribute the oranges to the generals to eat.It is not easy for the monarchs and ministers to have fresh fruits after fleeing for so many days, so the monarchs and ministers are very happy.

Because it happened to be the Shangyuan Festival, Gaozong asked people to peel off the orange peel completely, oil it, insert twists, make small orange lanterns, and put them on the sea.For a time, thousands of small orange lanterns floated on the sea, and the scene looked very spectacular and romantic.The historical records describe the scene at that time: "The wind is still and the waves are still, the water waves are not moving, there are tens of thousands of fire beads, and the shadows are haunting the sea." Zhu, this scene is really too beautiful to behold, but now he is in the process of escaping, and Gaozong probably has a special feeling in his heart when he sees such a beautiful scene.

With such a tragic experience, after Song Gaozong returned to Lin'an, he ordered people to prepare 200 large ships at the mouth of the Qiantang River outside the city. Monarchs and ministers can get on the boat and run away. The Jin army went south to attack the Song Dynasty this time, and the main direction of attack was no longer Jiangnan, but the Sichuan-Shanxi area.Song Gaozong sent Minister Zhang Jun to Sichuan and Shaanxi to preside over military affairs.Zhang Jun was born as a Jinshi. When Huizong was in power, he was just a small official in the Ministry of Rites.During the Jingkang Incident, he escaped before the city was broken, and went to Zhao Gou, who was the Grand Marshal at the time.After Zhao Gou ascended the throne, the imperial court was extremely short of talents, so Zhang Jun was promoted to be a servant in the palace, equivalent to an official of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection today.From a small official of the sixth and seventh ranks to an official of the third and fourth ranks, it can be seen that Zhang Jun was more highly valued by Emperor Gaozong.In addition, as we mentioned earlier, during the mutiny of Miao and Liu, Emperor Gaozong was persecuted by the second general of Miao and Liu, and issued an edict to change the yuan.After Zhang Jun heard about it in other places, he resolutely called on the generals to fight against the thieves, put down the mutiny of Miao and Liu, and Gaozong was restored.Zhang Jun's rescue this time was tantamount to ZTE's first achievement, and Emperor Gaozong naturally looked at him differently.

Now, when the Jin army attacked the Song Dynasty again, Emperor Gaozong asked Zhang Jun: "I want to restore the country and preserve the foundation of my ancestors. Aiqing, what do you think I should do?" At the beginning, I was afraid that the Jin people would enter Shaanxi first, and then look into Shu. Once the land is lost, it will be difficult to preserve the southeast." This means that if the Song Dynasty is to be rejuvenated, Guan Shan must be paid attention to. If the Jin people occupy Guan Shan, then Attacking the land of Shu, once the land of Shu is lost, the Jin people will control the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and half of the rivers and mountains in the south of the Yangtze River will be lost. Therefore, it is necessary to control Guanshan and preserve the land of Shu in order to stop the Jin soldiers.Gaozong felt that what Zhang Jun said was very reasonable, and Zhang Jun was a civil servant, and his appointment was also in line with the Song Dynasty's consistent policy of "using scholars to rule the army", that is, using scholars to restrict generals. Therefore, Gaozong immediately appointed Zhang Jun as Sichuan. The envoy of Xuanfu of Shanxi Province established a shogunate in Tianshui, Gansu Province today, preparing to defend the Jin soldiers from going south

Although Zhang Jun is a scholar, he is very decisive in his actions, with the air of a general and a husband.Before leaving for the expedition, Zhang Jun bid farewell to Emperor Gaozong and said, "I will clear the way for your majesty. Next year, on the Lantern Festival, you and I will meet in Tokyo." Monarchs and ministers can call back to Tokyo, and they can go back to celebrate the Lantern Festival. Not long after Zhang Jun took office, the army of the Kingdom of Jin attacked the Sichuan-Shanxi area.The commander-in-chief of the Jin Army at that time was Wanyan Loushi, a famous general in hundreds of battles.Wanyan Loushi belonged to the royal family of the Jin Kingdom, a famous general in hundreds of battles, who once led troops to hunt down and capture the last emperor of the Liao Kingdom, Tianzuo Emperor.After the Jin army arrived in Sichuan and Shaanxi, Wanyan Loushi sent his general Wanyan Salihe to attack. Unexpectedly, Salihe was ambushed by the Song army and almost wiped out the entire army.Sa Li went away crying, but the other generals of the Kingdom of Jin looked down on him very much. They thought it would be embarrassing for the people of the Song Dynasty to cry when a man was defeated, so they nicknamed him "Crying Lord" ".

Zhang Jun won a big victory in a small test of the sledgehammer, and he was full of ambitions. He thought that "the Jin army is nothing but ears", so he looked down on the Jin army.In fact, this battle was not fought by Zhang Jun, but by Qu Duan and Wu Jie, the former generals stationed in Guanshan.That is to say, the commander-in-chief Zhang Jun began to underestimate the enemy before directly competing with the Jin army, which was very detrimental to the Song Dynasty.What was even more detrimental to the Song Dynasty was that Zhang Jun and his general Qu Duan had serious differences in military strategy, which led to a fierce conflict between the two, which eventually led to a catastrophe.

After Qu Duan and Wu Jie won this battle, conflicts began between the two, and finally reached the point of incompatibility.Qu Duan was Wu Jie's boss, so Wu Jie impeached Qu Duan to Zhang Jun, and the two argued fiercely in front of Zhang Jun.When discussing the next battle plan at the next military meeting, Qu Duan had another dispute with Commander Zhang Jun.Qu Duan believed that the Jin army was dominated by cavalry, while the Song army was dominated by infantry. The vast Guanshan Plain was conducive to the Jin army's cavalry rushing, so the Song army could not fight the Jin army in the field, and should stick to the city.

In ancient China, the cavalry was equivalent to the current tank armored force, and its combat effectiveness was very powerful.Especially the heavy armored cavalry of the Kingdom of Jin. It is said that the men and horses are all covered with iron armor, and the horses only show four hooves and tails. Of course, their ears may also be exposed; Great, it's a formidable attack.Moreover, the war horse can knock a person into a somersault, and before the person can stand up, he is trampled into meat paste by the chaotic horses behind him.Therefore, it is reasonable for Qu Duan to say that plains are not conducive to the Song army's operations.

However, Zhang Jun was very unhappy after hearing Qu Duan's words.Zhang Jun thought to himself, if you ask me to build a fence here, how long will I have to guard it?Are you worthy of being a mighty general because you spoil your own prestige by making others want to?We know that Zhang Jun was eager to make contributions at this time, because when he took office, he told the emperor that he wanted the monarch and his ministers to return to Tokyo for the Lantern Festival.Coupled with the Song Army's victory in the first battle, Zhang Jun felt that the Jin Army was nothing to fear, so he was determined to fight.

Qu Duan is a military commander with an upright personality. He may also have some complaints about the court's practice of using civilian officials to command the army.He thought that Zhang Jun didn't know anything about military affairs, and what he said was just talking on paper, and he couldn't really fight according to Zhang Jun's method, so he also got emotional and even contradicted Zhang Jun.Qu Duan's words were a bit too much. He said to Zhang Jun, if you win this battle, I will give you my head, and you can behead my head to thank the world.As soon as Zhang Jun heard it, the fire came up, thinking, how can I command the battle if I am so despised by my subordinates?So Zhang Jun also said, okay, if I lose, I will give you my head too.The two also wrote a military order, agreeing that whoever loses will pay the head.Before the battle was fought, there was already a serious discord between the generals of the Song Army.

Qu Duan was demoted by Zhang Jun to the deputy commander of the regiment training because of his estrangement with the commander-in-chief Zhang Jun, and was demoted to the deputy commander of the provincial military division, so he was no longer on the front line of the battle.In this way, the front line is equal to the loss of a fierce general, which is very unfavorable to the Southern Song Dynasty.Zhang Jun drove away Qu Duan who disagreed with him, and began to gather troops, preparing for a decisive battle with the Jin army.According to records, Zhang Jun assembled five groups of troops, claiming to have 400,000 soldiers, but the 400,000 people should be bragging, in order to frighten the Kingdom of Jin, but in fact there were only about a hundred thousand people.In addition, Zhang Jun also collected 70,000 war horses, which are almost all the war horses in the Southern Song Dynasty, and are very precious. Before the war, Zhang Jun held a military meeting to discuss the battle strategy.At this time, Wang Yan, the commander-in-chief of the Eight-Character Army we mentioned earlier, advised Zhang Jun: "Shaanxi soldiers, if the relationship between the top and bottom is not clear, if the first battle is not good, the five routes will be defeated. It is better to garrison the dangerous Fortify the city, if there is a loss, you can take care of one and protect the other." It means that the soldiers of the five armies don't know the generals, and the generals don't know the soldiers. As long as one fails in a battle, the whole situation will collapse. .Therefore, it is better to stick to the city and ensure the connection between the city and the city. If the people of the Kingdom of Jin attack this point, the other four points can be rescued.In fact, Wang Yan and Qu Duan have the same meaning.However, if Zhang Jun didn't even listen to Qu Duan's words, how could he listen to Wang Yan?Zhang Jun thought to himself, you, Wang Yan, are nothing more than a grassroots bandit, but I am a dignified Jinshi, an official and minister, dealing with Sichuan and Shaanxi, can I listen to you? Therefore, Zhang Jun not only resolutely refused to listen to these opinions, but also became angry with his book business, so he wrote a war letter to the Jin army. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" says: "Soldiers use deceitful methods, soldiers have impermanent momentum, and water has impermanent shape." That is to say, as long as you can win the battle, it doesn't matter what method you use.But Zhang Jun doesn't think so. He thinks that the Song Dynasty officials and soldiers are upright and upright teachers of benevolence and righteousness. They can't play tricks and tricks. This is called fighting.Therefore, Zhang Jun wrote a letter of war to the Jin army, saying that in a certain place on a certain day in a certain month, the two armies will have a decisive battle.The commander-in-chief of the Jin army read the war letter and thought, this is too funny, who did the Song Dynasty send here?How can there be such a war?So Jin Jun ignored Zhang Jun at all. Seeing that the Jin army did not respond, Zhang Jun was very angry. He thought to himself, the Jin people are really barbarians and have no culture. I will send you a challenge and ignore me.Therefore, Zhang Jun posted notices all over the place, saying that "the soldiers and civilians of the Great Song Dynasty, who have captured Yan Lou's room and come to offer them, will be appointed as military envoys and rewarded with silver and silk."It means that as long as Wanyan Loushi is caught, even the common people will be given the title of envoy, and rewarded with 10,000 taels of silver and 10,000 bolts of silk.Zhang Jun is actually playing psychological warfare, in order to disgust the Jin army commander Wanyan Loushi.Even the hundreds of thousands of soldiers in the Song Dynasty couldn't catch Wanyan Loushi, so can you expect a farmer with a hoe to catch him?Wanyan Loushi saw Zhang Jun's notice, smiled, and ordered someone to post a notice, saying that regardless of the soldiers and civilians, "Where Zhang Jun comes to donate, he will be rewarded with a piece of cloth and a donkey."As a result, Zhang Jun not only didn't get angry with Wan Yan Loushi, but he was choked with anger, so he stepped up and wrote a letter, urging Wan Yan Loushi to fight.Wanyan Loushi resolutely kept the door behind closed doors.Therefore, Zhang Jun underestimated the enemy more and more, thinking that it was the Song Dynasty's army Wanyan Loushi was so frightened that he didn't dare to fight.When Commander Zhang said this, Song Jun became more slack and underestimated the enemy. Before the decisive battle between the two armies, the coaches of both sides must observe the terrain.At that time, both the Song and Jin armies lined up on the plain with a swamp in the middle.A general said to Zhang Jun that the Jin army mainly consisted of cavalry, and the Song army mainly consisted of infantry. The plain formation was very unfavorable to the Song army, so the Song army should move its troops to the mountains, occupy the commanding heights, line up fences, and build Fortress, prepare logs and stones.Once the Jin army attacks, the Song army will be condescending, the Jin army will attack with its back, and the Song army will hit down with rolling logs and rocks, and the Jin army will definitely fail.But Zhang Jun didn't listen at all, he said, you think I can't fight because I'm a scholar?Don't you see a swamp in between?The armor of the cavalry of the Kingdom of Jin weighed dozens of kilograms, the armor of the horses also weighed dozens of kilograms, and the combined weight of the men and horses was more than five hundred kilograms. When they reached the swamp, they all sank into the swamp without us fighting.I lined up on the plain to lure the Jin army to attack and let them all fall into the swamp. We can win a big victory without a single shot.Seeing that Zhang Jun was headstrong and didn't listen to advice, the general let out a long sigh and didn't say anything more. At the same time, Wanyan Loushi was also observing the terrain. After seeing the formation of the Song army, he looked up to the sky and laughed, saying that the formation of the Song army was riddled with holes and "very easy to break ears."On the day of the real battle, Wanyan Loushi ordered all the soldiers to fill straw bags with soil, carry one on their backs, rush to the swamp, and throw the soil bags into the swamp, paving a road soon .The cavalry of the Jin Army stepped on this road and rushed into the Song camp quickly.Zhang Jun never expected that this swamp could not block Wanyan Loushi's cavalry at all.As soon as the Jin army's cavalry rushed into the Song camp, they swung their long knives, big axes, and maces, and the Song army in formation immediately collapsed.The most frightening thing is that, as Wang Yan said, the generals of the Song army failed to understand each other, and broke up all the way, and the other groups followed suit. The so-called 400,000 troops of the Song army were wiped out in an instant.In this battle, the Song army suffered a disastrous defeat.The location of the decisive battle at that time was in Fuping, Shaanxi, where the generals are at odds today.When Fuping fell, the Jin army actually opened the door to Sichuan.In the next step, the Jin army can attack Sichuan after crossing the Qinling Mountains.The situation at that time was precarious for the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhang Jun was defeated. Fortunately, his generals rode out of the customs alone, gathered the remnants, and gathered thousands of people to protect him while fighting and retreating, and reached a safe zone.Zhang Jun learned from the pain and regretted that he did not listen to Qu Duan's words at the beginning, which led to his defeat today. Therefore, he wanted to invite Qu Duan back and let Qu Duan continue to preside over the military affairs in Sichuan and Shaanxi.As soon as Zhang Jun thought about it, Wu Jie became very anxious.Before Wu Jie and Qu Duan had a quarrel, it can be said that they hated each other day and night, if Zhang Jun invited Qu Duan back to preside over the military affairs in Guanshan, would Wu Jie have any good fruit to eat?So, Wu Jie told Zhang Jun, have you forgotten that you and Qu Duan had issued a military order?Wu Jie didn't say what happened next, but Zhang Jun understood it.Zhang Jun and Qu Duan are not betting on houses or fields, but on their heads!Now that Zhang Jun has lost the battle, what face does he have to meet Qu Duan?Besides, Qu Duan is a military general with a straight temper, and he will not let others step down. What if Qu Duan pulls out the military order, saying that both parties have signed and signed it, and Zhang Jun's head is to be taken?Therefore, Zhang Jun felt that what Wu Jie said was reasonable, so he made up his mind that Qu Duan must not be allowed to repeat. However, Zhang Jun was also worried at this time: According to the military order issued at the beginning, if I don’t lose my head to Qu Duan, Qu Duan will have to lose his head to me. But if I lose the battle, how can he lose his head to me?Wu Jie wrote four words on his hand and showed it to Zhang Jun, who saw it—Qu Duan rebelled.Zhang Jun understood Emperor Gaozong's psychology very well. What the emperor feared most was the general's rebellion.Zhang Jun thought to himself, this is a good idea, if he sues Qu Duan for treason, he will There is no doubt that he must die.But what evidence is there to prove that Qu Duan rebelled?At this time, a general who had been beaten by Qu Duan sent proof materials to Zhang Jun, saying that Qu Duan once wrote a poem, which revealed his objection.It turns out that there are two sentences in Qu Duan's poem: "I don't go to Guanzhong to make an emperor's business, but come to go fishing on the river." We know that Chang'an is the center of the Guanzhong area. Chang'an has been the capital of emperors since ancient times. It can be said that the rise of the Han and Tang Dynasties was basically in the Guanzhong area. Therefore, Guanzhong is considered to be the seat of the king's business of the Chinese national regime, and it has the air of an emperor.Now that the kingdom of Jin has occupied Tokyo, if the emperor is the son of Yingtian, he should lead the six divisions to go to Chang'an in Guanzhong and command the heroes of the world to regain their homeland.As a result, the emperor went fishing on the river.Zhang Jun saw it and was overjoyed: This is obviously a satire of today's world!Regardless of whether the two lines of Qu Duan's poems were really satirizing the emperor, or Zhang Jun's intentional literary inquisition, as long as he had this excuse, Zhang Jun could arrest Qu Duan. After Zhang Jun arrested Qu Duan, he handed over to a subordinate named Kang Sui for interrogation.Kang Sui was originally Qu Duan's subordinate. He was once whipped by Qu Duan for violating the military law, so he hated Qu Duan to the bone.Zhang Jun is very good at thinking about this point, and if Kang Sui came to try Quduan, the treason case will definitely be settled.When Qu Duan heard that Kang Sui was going to interrogate him, he looked up to the sky and screamed, and said, "Qu Duan must die, what a pity for the iron elephant!" The iron elephant is Qu Duan's mount, which is said to be a BMW, and can travel four hundred miles a day.Qu Duan sighed that after his death, it is a pity that this famous horse will fall into the hands of who will fall in the future.Kang Sui interrogated Qu Duan and said, someone accused you of treason, is there such a thing?Qu Duan of course denied it, saying that I am loyal, loyal to the emperor and patriotic, and have no objection.Kang Sui then asked how to explain the two lines of the poem.Qu Duan explained, but Kang Sui didn't listen at all. In order to make Qu Duan plead guilty, he ordered the National People's Congress to serve him.Qu Duan is a fierce general, with steel and iron bones, and ordinary leather whips and sticks, he can't do anything to him at all.So Kang Sui thought of a trick. He put Qu Duan in an iron cage, handcuffed his hands and feet on the iron cage, sealed Qu Duan's mouth and nose with tissue paper dipped in water, and then piled up charcoal around the cage to roast.This kind of torture is beyond our imagination.Qu Duan's skin was roasted and melted, and his body was covered with oil. He was very thirsty, so he asked Kang Sui for water.Kang Sui actually asked someone to pour shochu wine into Qu Duan, once poured with shochu wine, and then roasted on fire, Qu Duan's internal organs were all rotten.Poor Qu Duan, a generation of famous generals, was tortured to death like this, only 41 years old. It is a pity that Qu Duan died, he did not die on the battlefield, but died at the hands of his own people.To make matters worse, Qu Duan had been stationed in the Guanshan area for many years and won the hearts of the people. Once he died, "Shaanxi scholar-bureaucrats will not spare him", which caused the evil result of "both the army and the people are also disappointed, and there are defectors".The soldiers and civilians in Guanshan thought to themselves, General Qu devoted himself to the country and devoted himself to serving the country, but he ended up in such an end. What are we going to do with such a court?Therefore, some people began to surrender to the Jin army to lead the way for the Jin army, and some counties also began to surrender to the Jin country. Although Qu Duan was headstrong and conceited, he was proud of his talents, but according to historical records, he was "police sensitive and knowledgeable, good at writing, and good at military strategy".Judging from the decent writing of his poems, he is not entirely a coward, and his death is actually caused by the long-standing conflicts between civil servants and generals in the Song Dynasty.It can be said that this kind of contradiction formed a serious restriction on the later Song Army's combat effectiveness.In fact, including Yue Fei's fate later, it is related to the Song Dynasty's policy of emphasizing literature over military affairs and the contradictions between civil servants and generals.Throughout the Song Dynasty, especially the Southern Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, the contradictions between civil servants and military generals have not been resolved, which is also an important reason for the demise of the Song Dynasty. Zhang Jun knew in his heart that Qu Duan died unjustly.He also knew that Qu Duan was a well-known general who fought well, and everyone in Jin Kingdom was afraid of Qu Duan.Therefore, every time the Song army fought with the Jin people, Zhang Jun ordered people to display a crooked banner in the barracks to scare the Jin army.But the Jin people are not stupid, they have a lot of secret agents, so Wanyan Loushi laughed when he saw Qu Duan's banner spread all over the Song camp, saying that Qu Duan has been demoted, how dare you scare me with the name of Qu Duan ?Therefore, Wanyan Lou Shi felt that the Song Army had no generals, so he despised the Song Army even more.Sure enough, as soon as Wanyan Loushi waved his army, the Song army was defeated for thousands of miles. Zhang Jun failed to defend the pass, and he was self-willed and self-willed to kill the general. The key is that he promised the emperor that next year the emperor and ministers will return to Tokyo for the Lantern Festival, and this promise will not be fulfilled.Therefore, Zhang Jun's political opponents impeached Zhang Jun, saying how could such a person be a military envoy to resist the Kingdom of Jin?Emperor Gaozong also realized that Zhang Jun had a problem, so he ordered Zhang Jun to be demoted.Of course, Wu Jie was also involved in Qu Duan's death, because he was the one who came up with the idea and wrote the words "Qu Duan rebelled against him" on his hand, which caused Zhang Jun to become murderous and killed Qu Duan.So, what kind of person is Wu Jie?Is he a traitor?In fact, after Qu Duan was killed, Zhang Jun was defeated, and Sichuan and Shanxi were able to defend, thanks to General Wu Jie.That's why we say that people's personalities are very complex, and the complexity of this character is vividly shown in Wu Jie.