Chapter 18 The second part of Xinjiang Qapqal Xibe folklore - 8

Guo Yuxian passed away, this is the news that I only heard recently.Yuxian has a deep imprint in my mind, she is the most imaginative person I have ever met.The personal stories she told were bizarre, not many people believed them, and many people just listened to them as nonsense, which made Yuxian very uncomfortable.Yuxian left with her story.In fact, the authenticity of Yuxian's story is not a question that must be pursued. The key is that the content and way of thinking she reflects were once very representative.Recording the dictation of this deceased person must be beneficial to those of us who study shaman culture and those who pay attention to the development of human spiritual culture.

When we interviewed her, she was 56 years old and looked very strong. She was blind in one eye, which she said was caused by a shaman who killed her. As soon as the words came out of my mouth, I knew that Yuxian was a fast-talking person, which made me excited, because it was the greatest luck for investigators to meet such an information provider.Sure enough, without further ado, Yuxian told her story—— I became a shaman because of my poor health.I was sick for 15 years, had a second operation, took a lot of medicine, and couldn't get better.Everyone in the village also knows that I have been ill for a long time and cannot be cured.Later, it was too bad, so I picked up the shaman.Because my great-grandfather was a shaman.The statues of our gods, Mama and Mafa have been in the archives of the Central University for Nationalities in Beijing for more than 30 years.

In the early 1970s, I started to get in touch with this business and studied for three years.I was led to study in another world in my dream. That place taught me to heal my hands and feet and treat children's diseases.They taught me 4 Chinese characters every night.I study in my dreams at night and see a doctor in the hospital during the day.Sometimes I read the word I learned at night in the prescription, and I read it to my wife, but he didn't believe it.I only went to elementary school, and Chinese was not taught in school, I only learned Xibe.But now I can read Chinese.Since then, my once lunatic-like personality has changed.When I was sleeping at night, people from that place came and sat on the edge of the kang, and I talked to them.The one who led me to study was a young man in his twenties, and the one who sent me back was a yellow steed with white spots on his forehead.Everyday is the horse.When sending me back, the master said, you can't tell the world about this.I went to a mountain with green pines, and there was a spring beside the pine forest, and I took a bath in this spring.

After three years of studying, I can see what's wrong with everyone.I can tell who anyone over the age of 17 is talking to.After studying, when he sent me back, the master told me again and again not to tell the world.But I told the people in the world, so my medical skills were no longer good, and the healing methods they taught were suddenly forgotten.At that time, the master called me and gave me a meal made of frogs.Because I talked about what I studied during the treatment, so I was invited to eat this kind of meal.While eating, I saw that there were four rooms and there were thirty or forty people.The four rooms are full of people.There is a white-haired old grandpa and grandma among them. They said, they told you not to talk about it before, why did you say it?At that time, they also asked me to treat a child with a broken leg.I also saw in that place, some people had boils, and the boils were like honeycombs.Some people have nails in their bodies.I saw three nails nailed into the human body. After the oil was boiled, it was poured on different parts of the human body.Others strangle a person with three strands of silk thread.After reading it, the old man said, you are not allowed to tell the world. If you tell it, you will have great disasters in the future.I once learned pulse diagnosis and two or three methods of curing diseases there. Later, I returned these things one by one, leaving only the origami method.To see what kind of disease, first origami, and then judge the condition according to the origami.I don't feel well right now, I have a fever.I usually feel uncomfortable when I say these things, and my heart trembles.Now, I have heart disease.

After I went out to see a doctor, a disaster happened.In the dream, as soon as I went out, a ball of fire flew towards me, and I quickly slapped it with my left hand, and my left eye was blinded.Another person threw a square white box and three strips of yellow paper at me, and the thing landed in my right hand.I told them that doing this kind of thing is not good, and you will have a heart attack within three years.Within three years, the man received his retribution.Before this incident, people who came to see me from far away came to see a doctor. Since then, I have never seen a doctor again.The square paper fell on the right hand, and the livestock could not be kept alive. It has been like this for 5 years.Later, I found those two people and talked with them. After that, our relationship gradually eased, and the livestock did not die.

Now there are two or three new people coming out to see a doctor. They don't have a master or apprentice. They just learned it in their dreams.Because someone broke my function, I confiscated the apprentice.I have a premonition that a young lad who might be my apprentice is coming to me.This young man has already received the information and wants to worship me as his teacher.I will teach him my methods and see a doctor with me four or five times, and he will gradually get used to it. I have been to hell twice.At that time, I was hospitalized in Yining Anti-revisionist Hospital.One day when I was sleeping, my little girl and two boys came over and said, "Let's watch Yangko." We started walking from Sanniulu Club, and I hugged my girl, and the two boys also helped.Go forward and see a big door made of black stone.After entering the gate, there is a road in the middle.I saw that in the courtyards on both sides, some saw people with saws, some nailed people, some fried people in oil pans, and strangled people with ropes.Then let me enter a room, it is like a classroom where children sit.I saw Enteh's (a neighbour's) child inside, who had long since died.I see people sitting there like they're waiting to be sentenced.Some were sentenced to 5 years, and some were sentenced to 15 years.Someone sat down at a table, touched their hair, and it all fell out.At the back of the house there were two gates, through which people took off their black clothes and entered.As soon as I entered, someone named Yong Jinmei said, why are you here, let's go back.We came back from the North Gate lane, and walked back to the middle lane.Now Yong Jinmei is still alive.

The second time I went to the underworld, I went with a young lama.Follow the lama and see a very high mountain.I will do what the previous lama did.There was a dog in front, and I saw the Lama pull up his front and cover his face, and I followed suit.Walking and seeing water, the lama went down to take a bath, and I also took a bath.After I came out, I saw the pool again. The lama asked me to drink water, so I drank it.Then see the streets of hell.There are sorghum rice and sorghum porridge sold on the street.At that time a young man appeared and said, come with me.I was still holding my girl, and the young man took the baby away and sent it to the place where it had been for the first time.I thought at the time, everyone else was sentenced, why not me?I asked the judge, and he said, why did you come here.He said, look at me.I saw water in the right door, and the left door was so dark that I couldn't see anything.He said, this place is not from you, go back.So I'm back.I went with my girls and came back by myself.Three days later, my girl died when she was 7 months.This incident was clearly foreshadowed in the two dreams.

I still remember that there were many people in the streets of Hades, and not all of them suffered.When I came back, there was a river, and a bridge was built on the river, and I was not allowed to cross the bridge without paying.At this time, what was collected was a kind of gray-blue money.The money they use is like cut paper money, some are square and some are round.Tolls were collected when crossing the bridge.I had no money at the time, and someone paid it for me.I do not know him.You must take a car to get on the bridge, but the car has no shaft.Their momos are the same color as our land.The dog I saw was probably a wolfhound with a black back.Hades is full of water.There are two kinds of water, and one of them knows nothing after drinking it.The paper-cutting in the underworld is very beautiful. I will cut it out as soon as I wake up, otherwise I will forget it.

It was already late at night when I left Yuxian's house.In the dark night, there is no light.Walking out of the village with one foot deep and one foot shallow, onto the main road. We also went to Yuxian's daughter's house to attend Yongfuqing's shaman adoption ceremony for her grandson Pengli.Children who are sick often perform this ritual, which means that the shaman gods will protect them.If the child recovers from illness, the adoption status of the shaman will be revoked.If you continue to be sick, keep the shaman adoption status until the age of 13.See you later.If it is still not good, a ceremony will be held to take over the shaman's seat.It is said that after doing this, while seeing a doctor, one's own symptoms will gradually disappear.

Xiaopengli is only four years old. He is cute, but a little thin. (38) He had been ill for a long time, and the hospital diagnosed him with heat-wind syndrome.So the parents planned to hold a whole sheep sacrifice for him and send him to the shaman god for adoption.There have been two ceremonies before this, and now it is the third time. It is not only to treat his illness (use seven kinds of flowers to make liquid soup to bathe him), but also to find out whether he should accept the shaman god.The shaman said that it is not possible to determine whether he can become a shaman until he performs a ceremony at the age of 13.

Yuxian had already been waiting at her daughter's house, and she was very enthusiastic when she saw us coming.During the whole process of Yongfuqing's ceremony, she explained various rules to us very expertly. Of course, because she is an expert, she is very picky about Yongfuqing. The altar of Pengli's family has offered incense and prepared seven kinds of dried flowers.Some ceremonies require nine kinds of flowers, which are generally cockscomb, rose, peony, whip flower, mugwort, autumn chrysanthemum, rose, safflower, dahlia and so on. Yong Fuqing placed the altar, offered flowers on the table, Pengli mother and son kowtowed, then removed the flowers and put them in the iron pot set up in the yard to cook.Later, the sacrificial sheep was brought, and Yong Fuqing asked Pengli to ride around the house three times on the back of the sheep. The child hid in his mother's arms, very scared.Yong Fuqing had no choice but to walk around on the sheep's back.After washing the sheep, the owner was very happy when he saw the sheep trembling violently, so he took them outside to slaughter and cook them... The water for boiling the flowers has been boiled, and they are dark brown.Bring it in, offer it to the gods, and let Pengli's mother bathe the child.After washing, put on Xiaopengli a red dress - red vest, red pants. The mutton has been cooked, and a dining table is placed on the ground. The meat is arranged in the shape of a whole lamb and placed in front of the gods for offering.Pengli knelt down and withdrew his confession. Pengli's mother knelt down to Yong Fuqing and offered two glasses of wine.He put a towel on a plate and handed it to Yong Fuqing.When Yong Fuqing found only 2 yuan inside, he was a little annoyed.But Yuxian believes that there is something wrong with the ceremony held by Yongfu Qing, especially that the rider should be Pengli, and the shaman cannot ride the sheep.Yuxian also said that two of the incense burned quickly, which shows that the gods are disgusted with riding sheep.When Yuxian was lighting a cigarette, Yong Fuqing's hands trembled, indicating that he knew what Yuxian was thinking.These are the shamans talking in private, while ordinary people just gather around to eat sacrificial meat, very happy and lively. Yuxian said that Yongfuqing was a Buddhist shaman, not a horse-riding shaman, because Shaman Hehe hadn't finished teaching him, and he didn't go up the knife ladder.After the master dies, the unfinished work should be done by the apprentice.Apprentices not only have to attend to the master's funeral, but also open the way of shamanism in order to produce disciples and grandchildren.Fuqing's apprentice hasn't left yet.The way to open the way is to hold a ceremony of sending sheep or cattle.The cow must be a three-year-old cow. If it is not, the master's soul cannot be sent to the shaman shrine, and there will be no disciples and grandchildren. Yuxian also talked about her shaman knowledge.She said that although Erqi sees a doctor, the way is different.It is necessary to judge which way to go according to the part of the disease.Erqi's disease is on the eyes, such as keratitis, and the eyes are red and watery; the shaman's lower part of the disease, such as paralysis, numb hands and feet; Lama's symptoms appear on the head.This is what my dream school taught me.The shaman should wear a red belt to prevent diseases under the waist.I also have a red belt.Every family has statues of Mama and Mafa. Without them, where would the children come from?The shaman song should be sung when curing illnesses, and when seriously ill.The content of the singing is based on the patient's condition, the words are different, and the tune is the same. Yuxian talked to us about her "study" experience at her daughter's home.It can be seen that there are obvious contradictions between her statements, but I think it is easier to express her true thoughts without asking her to correct her own words. She said that when I was studying, the eagle took me away every day to go to school (it turned out that she was talking about horses).There are two teachers there, and the yard is full of flowers. The flowers there are very beautiful and various.There are red and green cockscombs, and snow-blue peonies.Jiang Zilan has white, blue, and snow-green colors.I chose peony, I like peony; I also chose red celosia.Anyway, pick whatever you like.I was walking among the flowers, and I saw a very big flower, and I was about to pick it, but I heard people say, how can a woman pick that kind of flower, and if you pick it up for lust, it’s not okay, don’t pick this one.I picked several kinds of flowers... The person who took me to see the flowers gave me safflower, whip flower, mugwort, etc., and gave me 7 kinds of flowers in total.Where there is water that emerges from the ground, this kind of water is used for growing flowers.They can increase it to 9 kinds of flowers for me, but now I don't need so many to do this kind of shaman. They taught me to do good deeds for the world and see three kinds of diseases: one is common diseases, the other is bone setting, and the third is treating boils.How to judge is to use the shape of the cigarette to judge.For example, winding incense several times to treat eye diseases.Before the bowl is filled with water, wrap it around three times with incense, then fill it with clean water, and put it in a place facing the rising sun. It can be used to treat diseases in the future. I told others about learning shaman.I felt nervous at the time.When I was talking, I unconsciously talked nonsense and left the topic. I didn't feel it, but outsiders felt it.So when you see a doctor, you can only do good, not evil.In one year, I had two surgeries, which is not normal. During my illness, I was led into that world every night to study.There are tall trees on both sides of the road that goes in.As soon as you enter the door, it is a large courtyard.When studying, you have to take an exam first. There are three classes of students who take the exam. You can only study medicine after passing the exam.During the exam, people waited in the big room, lined up, and went in one by one.The topic I was tested was to look at a bowl of water, and I saw three people in it, the one in front was holding a rooster, the one behind was holding a hen, and the one in the middle was holding an owl.About the one in the middle, I got it wrong.So learn from scratch.In the second room, there are a lot of mirrors, I picked a mirror at random, and it was a beautiful rooster.That person asked me to choose again, but I thought that if a good girl doesn't marry a second husband, I won't choose.Until now, I can still see things in the wine.In that class, the teacher taught me how to read, taught me four words every night, also taught me pharmacology and medicine, and taught me how to treat hand and foot injuries and other diseases.The little medical knowledge I know now is all learned in my dreams.In school, the young master also taught us to sing and dance.He held a god drum or a gun, and everyone danced along with him step by step. When singing, the teacher sang first, and we sang along with him.I didn't know how to dance gods before, but after learning it in my dream, I can dance very well.The master asked me to do good deeds to the world, and taught me how to treat patients.I use cigarettes and spring water to see and cure diseases.Before the container is filled with water, wrap the incense in the water three times, and after filling the water, treat the affected area with water.I can judge diseases by the colors and images that appear when I squeeze my nails, and I can judge things by the color of a person's face.I can use the method of paper-cutting to calculate various things, and according to it, guide people to perform rituals to relieve disasters. I can judge what disease is there by pressing the nails, and I can see the dead soul following the color of the nails after pressing the nails.What appears on every nail is different.This, I have studied for a year. A girl had a shaman sign, and I got the sign, and I went there on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month last year.Wenxiang, the shaman of Siniulu, also went.I told Wenxiang that since this girl has this thing, she should let her know.Wen Xiang said that we are not rivals to bring her in.So I don't want to give her a god.I said to the girl, you are like a person with a sign, even if you are lying on the bed, your body is very light.Today I will teach you a lesson.But don't look down on me from now on.For some shamans with great abilities, if you don’t let them out, if you suppress them, they won’t recover from their illnesses.No one can harm the shaman on horseback, neither his own tribe nor foreigners. Tori (Bronze Mirror) didn't get a collar, he flew over, not looking for it.What happens outside, it can make a sound, and what the shaman goes out, Tori can also make a sound.The family should open the box when they hear the sound, and Tori will fly out.This happened forty or fifty years ago.Recently, an old man said that he also encountered this kind of thing. Today's young people are as flat as the sky (referring to pride and disobedience to discipline), and each family should offer up their gods to get better.Now there are many mental patients, there are many fights and murders, and the popularity is particularly strong.In the past, local atmosphere was stronger than popularity. There is a layer of cloth between the underworld and the yang, and the resurrection of the dead is the work of the "Xi Family", who plays a role on both sides.Not everyone's soul can be attracted here, only when they meet the "Xijia" can they be attracted.For some people, the soul of the living is stronger than that of the dead, and the dead soul cannot enter this family. The soul of the living is weak, and only the dead soul can enter. This is called revival.There is a thing about resurrection, that is, the male soul returns to the woman, and the woman makes a male voice.My father also used my mother's body to revive his soul, and sacrificed the whole sheep at that time.During the sacrifice, the goat jumped back and forth very anxiously.His mother cried when his relatives kowtowed to him;I saw that it was a resurrection, so I put some grass under her buttocks, put a comb under her arm, and covered her head. I asked: who are you? Answer: I know you, isn't your name Yuxian?Are you not my daughter? I asked: how old am I? He counted me as four years old at the time, and I said my age was not that old. I asked him: how did you come here? He said: I followed your brother and your sister-in-law. "Xijia" brought me here, but the God of Land outside the gate wouldn't let me in. Just when your brother and your sister-in-law came in, I followed. I asked: What's the matter with you? He said: Your mother and I can't live together, logically speaking, we are not husband and wife.Don't bury us together, let's separate. After he finished speaking, my mother woke up. Later, my dad possessed his body again and asked us to clean up the grave of my great-grandmother and cremate her body.Let's do it quickly. We said yes, and my mom woke up.We burned some paper money for my dad and sacrificed some things.Then, my mother was fine. After some resurrection happens, a soul-calling ceremony is done, and the things the dead need are sent, burned, and some sacrifices are made. Shamanism has a long history of combining and developing its own tradition with the natural phenomena of human dreaming.The connection between religious belief and dreams is one of the basic starting points of religion in Taylor's animism theory.Taylor believes that various conscious activities in dreams have prompted human beings to have the concept of the soul, and the resulting concept of gods or elves as independent spiritual entities.Shamanism not only developed people's general beliefs about dreams, but also developed specific concepts about shamanistic experiential techniques through dream generation.The former includes all kinds of dreams related to the problems that people care about. Due to the specific and practical relationship with reality, people superstitiously believe that dreams also explain dreams, and even say that their hunting harvest is the result of dream suggestion and inspiration.The latter dream, however, is a special kind of dream in which the spirit is dreamed. It is considered to be an encounter with the spirit, and the content of this encounter is shocking.This kind of dream is not only suggestive and instructive, but also compulsive and compulsive.In addition to receiving the revelation and teaching of the gods in their dreams, they must also accept the absolute orders of the gods. Whether they are willing or not, they must follow the wishes of the gods and be their agents in the world.It is believed that dreamers who disobey the will of the gods will be punished by the gods. Guo Yuxian's dictation reflects that the belief in the shamanistic dream still exists. From Guo Yuxian's description of the underworld, we can clearly see the influence of the Manchu book "Nishan Shaman".The Xibo people are not unfamiliar with this work, and its folk texts and folklore are a source of Guo Yuxian's shaman knowledge.According to her own understanding and memory, she incorporated those rumors into her narration.Obviously, Guo Yuxian's memory of "Nishan Shaman" is fragmented, so what we mainly find in her narrative are certain elements of Buddhist punishment theory in "Nishan Shaman".