Chapter 14 The second part of Xinjiang Qapqal Xibe folklore - 4

Many families of the Xibe people have their own gods.There are various rumors about the gods, among which there is a moving shaman story.During the westward migration of the Xibe people, there was a female shaman who, in order to treat the sick, collected herbs and made soup for the sick;During the journey of more than 20,000 miles, countless Xibo soldiers and civilians fell ill. The female shaman was busy day and night to take care of her patients.When people saw her figure, they saw savior and hope.All the way to the west, the shaman sang dry of voice, danced dry of blood, and finally fell down.Her sacrifice made the world mourn, and the snow covered her.The female shaman's family is still commemorating her, erecting a shrine for her, and making offerings to her every festival and sacrifice.

Shaman word of mouth mainly comes from two types of people, one is the members of the shaman family.This is the family history told by the descendants of some shamans. Many people use it to explain the reason why they become a certain type of shaman. The second is that some people have personally experienced shaman healing and heard stories about shaman told by their predecessors. people.These people are relatively active cultural disseminators, and their narration is mostly recreational, without any practical significance in terms of belief. We interviewed Gu Erjia Changjin in Qiniulu. He is 48 years old. Under our inspiration, he introduced some family shamans.

He said his maternal grandmother was the same.Before the old man died, she said: "After I passed away, the god's seat was taken away." Now during the Chinese New Year, if you want to burn incense and make a wish for her, there is no god's seat.At that time, she was able to stick fire needles, set bones, and deliver babies.I remember that a young man sprained his foot, and it was carried by someone else. At that time, the soles of the patient's feet were turned upside down.Grandma massaged him three times and he was fine.My grandmother likes to drink, and after drinking, she likes to beat the wall with her hands.In this way, her hand can not be hurt.She still has the ability to set bones, and she can go up as soon as she picks them up.She could crush a wine glass with two fingers.Grandmother received the god's seat in Yining City, and got it through dreams.The grandmother said that in a dream, she saw her house was red and shining, and she was sitting on the red cloth and flying around.When she was healing, she walked up and down and sang.We don't know the lyrics of her singing, and she lights up lanterns when she sees a doctor.The lanterns are made of white paper, the specifications are not clear, they are square, and a little taller than joss sticks.Put a bowl below and light the incense burner.Usually at night, after lighting the incense, turn off the light and use the light to judge the condition.If the child's illness cannot be cured, the inside of the lantern will be dark and there will be no light.I saw with my own eyes a girl who came to see a doctor. She couldn't see any light from the lantern, and she died on the third day.Grandma also used a bowl of water to see a doctor, stirred it three times with three chopsticks, and judged the cause of the disease according to the water pattern.This was all over 20 years ago.

We interviewed Guan Yuling in Qiniulu. He said that when my family was in the Northeast, there was a god.My mother's health is not very good, because of a cerebral thrombosis, she could not speak before, and she has been taking injections and medicines all the time.It was Guan Shumei who established the throne last year.A 3-year-old ram offered on August 16th.Later, they continued to offer sheep, and up to now 6 sheep have been offered.My mother is better. Guan Shumei from Aixinsheli town claimed to be Erqi. (10) There are statues of Mama, Mafatu, Erqizu and an orphaned old lady hanging on the west wall of his home.She said: "My husband's grandfather is Erqi. I will accept this Erqi, not my husband. The gods are passed down from family. If my husband's grandfather is a shaman and he asks his grandson to take over as a shaman, he will be a shaman." The ceremony will be fine after that, otherwise I will get sick. Logically, I should not accept the gods. When my grandfather was there, he took all three grandchildren as heirs, and they also held corresponding ceremonies. But they recovered from their illness, but I am not good; Well, they weren't good. Then, I picked it up, and they were fine."

Guo Yuxian (11) (56 years old at the time) from Yiniulu said that my great-grandfather was a shaman.The statues of our gods and Mamama have been in the archives of the Central University for Nationalities in Beijing for more than 30 years. I got into this in the early 70s and studied it for three years. The blood inheritance of shaman identity is a cultural habit left by the clan society, and this tradition and ancestral consciousness are still preserved in the shaman culture of the Xibe people. We went to Yining City to interview the old man Xibchan, who is 95 years old this year.The old man is from Chabuchar Yiniulu.In the interview, the 95-year-old Xibchan recalled the anecdotes of shamanism he saw and heard. Although his dictation is not so accurate, it helps us understand the general appearance of Xibe shaman activities and the attitudes of ordinary people.

He remembered that there were Gong Shaman and Erji Batu Shaman in Yi Niu Lu.He introduced: When I was a child, I saw Gonshaman treat typhoid fever. His method of treatment was to prick the patient's back with the needle.Erji Batu is from the Nala family. I remember a woman named Laishun who got mad and asked him to treat her, but it didn’t work out and she died.Erji Batu Youshen Benzi (referring to shaman songs) is the master of Prashaman.Pashaman is very famous, and he was the knife ladder in the 9th year of Guangxu.A woman named Ban Jishan was asked by Prashaman to see a doctor, but she was not cured and died.When the disease was being treated, I was present and beat the patient with a whip.Prashaman's apprentice is a female shaman named Meiniang. I saw the knife ladder in 1928 with my own eyes.Her knife ladder is not too high, it is level 17, and that is also barely climbing up, and barely jumping down.As a woman, this is not easy.Meiniang has a waist bell, but I don't know if she has a tori (referring to the bronze mirror).Tiaoshen can't do without waist bells.Now there is another apprentice of Meiniang (referring to Yong Fuqing). After the female shaman climbed the knife ladder in 1928, no shaman has ever been heard of going up the knife ladder.

The old man also introduced that he remembered that there was a shaman named Wuduoer in Yiniulu, and his way of curing diseases was to burn charcoal fire in the house.When a woman asked him to heal an illness, he asked her while leading her on the fire: Who are you?As soon as the woman tells who it is, she knows what possession it is.Then, like a punishment, he drove the woman to run on the fire.The woman begged her and said: I can't go, the shaman won't allow me to continue leading the woman on the fire.The patient's foot was injured, but the shaman's foot was fine. There is a shaman named Xiang Asu in Ba Niulu, and he has an apprentice from Siniulu.At that time, a woman in Ba Niulu went crazy, and Xiang Asu missed when he was treating a disease, and hung the woman to death with a god's skirt.The officials at that time locked up Xiang Asu.Shaman Xiang Asu released the tori (bronze mirror), and the disciples of Siniulu received the tori, rode on their horses, and rushed to Ba Niulu.On the way to Ba Niulu, the apprentice saw a crying soul going west, so he grabbed the soul and put it in his sleeve.He told the officials, you release the master, and I will save the dead.At that time, the woman had not been buried yet, and the officials released Xiang Asu.The shaman master and apprentice danced together and attached their souls to the woman.In this way, the woman came alive and gave birth to children for the rest of her life.

The old man said that there was a Gartu shaman in Wuniulu who went to 4 Niulu for treatment. 4 Erqi in Niulu was not convinced, and Galtu said, don't be convinced, if you don't believe that I can send you out when I give it away to others.Erqi said, OK.Galtu made a candle holder for the underworld and asked Erqi to support it.Cut out the paper for giving away, put four flags around, and pull the paper-cut on top to make it look like a city wall.When he was done, he sang the divine song of Songsong, that Erqi, as if someone was carrying her behind, walked out unconsciously, into the field.Some old people said, how can you give trouble to a living person, don't let him do it.As he said that, he came to fight Galtu, and Galtu hurriedly rode on his horse and ran away.

The old man's story made us all laugh.