Chapter 37 China East Asia Peninsula

China is a huge country with a border of 8,000 miles, almost as long as the diameter of the earth, and a territory larger than the entire continent of Europe. China's population accounts for about 20% of the world's total population.When the ancestors of Europeans painted their faces in various colors and killed wild boars with stone axes, the Chinese already knew how to use firearms and how to write.It is absolutely impossible to describe a big country like China clearly in such a short space. I can only define a framework and outline an outline.As for the more detailed content, if you are interested, then take your time to learn about it.There are enough words related to China to fill two or three libraries.

China is also a peninsula like India, but the peninsula is semicircular.However, China is not surrounded by so many mountains like India, which isolates India from the world.China's mountains are like spread fingers, extending all the way from the west, which makes China's rich and rich plain that reaches the coast of the Yellow Sea almost unobstructed when facing the fierce assault army of Central Asia. To overcome this geographical disadvantage, in the 3rd century BC (when the Romans and Carthaginians were vying for control of the Mediterranean Sea), a Chinese emperor built a huge city wall from Stretching from Liaodong in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, the edge of the Gobi Desert west of Gansu, the wall was 1,500 miles long, 20 feet wide, and 30 feet high.This is the Great Wall.

This man-made barrier performed its duties brilliantly, and the Great Wall did not collapse until the Manchurians invaded the Central Plains in the 17th century.In any case, a man-made barrier that has stood proudly for nearly two thousand years cannot be taken lightly after all.Some of the forts we built 10 years ago are not only useless today, but cost a fortune to renovate. In this huge circle, the Yangtze River in the south and the Yellow River in the north divide China into three parts.North China, where Beijing is located, is hot in summer and very cold in winter. This climate makes the locals used to eating millet but not rice.In the central region, because the cold wind blowing from the north is blocked by the Qilian Mountains, the climate is warmer and the population is denser.The common people here love to eat rice, but they don't know what millet is.South China is hot and humid in summer and not cold in winter, and all crops in the tropics can grow.

North China can be divided into two parts, one is the eastern plain and the other is the western mountainous area.The western mountainous area is famous for its loess high slopes. The soil is very fertile and loose, and the rainwater seeps in as soon as it hits the ground.The western region is criss-crossed by creeks and rivers, and transportation is extremely inconvenient, just like Spain. The North China Plain is located on the edge of Zhili Bay (now the Bohai Sea——Translator's Note), which is a plain formed by the alluvial of a large amount of sediment carried by the Yellow River.There are no important ports on the Yellow River, and ships can hardly navigate in the Yellow River.The canal is a small river on the north side of the Yellow River, and it is also not navigable. Its function is the drainage system of Beijing, which is specially used for the drainage of sewage in Beijing.As for Beijing, because the current situation in China is changing every hour, I can only say that Beijing has been the imperial capital of China for 900 years, or that Beijing has been the seat of the Chinese capital since William the Conqueror landed in England.But whether Beijing was still the capital of China when this work was published, or merely a Chinese city, or the temporary or permanent residence of some Japanese general, we cannot know.

Beijing has a long history and has witnessed countless ups and downs.In 986 AD, the Tatars conquered Beijing and renamed it Nanjing, which means "the capital of the south". In the 12th century, the Han people regained Beijing, but they did not make their capital here. They only regarded Beijing as a second-rate provincial capital and called it "Yanjing Mansion".Half a century later, another group of Tatars took Beijing and renamed it "Zhongdu", which means "the capital of the middle part". 100 years later, Genghis Khan's army occupied the city of Beijing, but Genghis Khan himself still loved the tents in the Mongolian desert and refused to live in the city.His successor, the famous Kublai Khan, was the exact opposite of Nezu.He fully repaired the ruins of Beijing, and renamed Beijing Yanjing, also known as "Dadu".However, at that time, the Mongolian name of Beijing City was "Gambanuk", which means "the capital of the Great Khan", and its reputation was even greater.

Later, the Han people drove these Tatars out of the Central Plains and made themselves emperors for the Ming Dynasty.Yanjing became Beijing again, the "Northern Imperial Court".Since then, Beijing has been the ruling center of China, but it has little contact with the outside world.This situation continued until 1860.In that year, a majestic European envoy (referring to Earl Elgin, 1811-1863, during the Second Opium War, served as the plenipotentiary representative of the British invaders against China, together with the French invaders, forced the Qing government to sign The "Sino-British Treaty of Tianjin" and "Sino-British Treaty of Beijing"——Translator's Note) were allowed to enter Beijing to pay homage to the Qing emperor in an official capacity.The Elgin who dedicated the ancient Greek marble sculptures (referring to Elgin stone sculptures, ancient Greek marble sculptures, purchased in Athens by the old Earl Elgin to the British Museum) to the British Museum is the father of this ambassador.

In its heyday, the Great Wall must have been a fortress of copper and iron, as solid as gold, with a wall as thick as 60 feet and as high as 50 feet. There were also square towers and passages on the wall, which was a fortress in itself.The construction structure of the city of Beijing is that there are many inner cities inside one another, including the imperial palace, the Manchurian city, and the Han people's city, like a labyrinth. In the middle of the 19th century, another foreigner city appeared. There are many monasteries and temples in the city of Beijing, but the Chinese are different from the Indians in that they are not devout Buddhists.Why do China and India have nothing in common except that they are both overpopulated?This is due to the very different national characters of Chinese and Indians.Indians have great admiration for gods and Buddhas, and the temples and temples they built must be the most magnificent, most beautiful, and most luxurious. The temple buildings have almost exhausted all the money that poor farmers have worked so hard to earn.The slogan of the Brahmin monks is "it is better to spend millions to build a temple than to spend a cent on the people".The Chinese seem to be disciples of Buddhism, but from top to bottom, everyone is influenced by the shrewd Confucius.Confucius, a master of Eastern philosophy who lived in China in the second half of the 6th century BC, offered a universal creed: Don't waste time in vague and empty debates about the afterlife (that is, "If you fail to do things to others, How can it be a ghost"——Translator's Note).This creed of Confucius has been thoroughly followed by the Chinese, and what the Chinese do is those "things that can be seen and touched."Therefore, most of China's wealth and taxes are spent by the rulers on the improvement of public facilities, such as building canals, digging canals, building the Great Wall, dredging rivers, etc. As for temples and temples, it is enough that the gods will not blame them.

The ancient Chinese were a nation with outstanding artistic talent.Compared with the ethnic groups in the Ganges Valley, the Chinese paid a much smaller price, but achieved better results.No matter where tourists go to China, it is impossible to see such a huge temple complex as India.Sixty miles north of Beijing, at the tombs of the Ming emperors, several large animal sculptures are the caretakers of buried emperors, and a handful of temples enshrine a handful of large Buddha statues.that's it.The other Chinese gods are of moderate proportions, neither too big nor too small.However, Indian artwork looks jarring and uncomfortable, even in museums.Chinese calligraphy, painting, sculpture, porcelain and real lacquer are more suitable for entering European and American families than Indian works of art, so Westerners prefer Chinese works of art.

The commercial status of modern China cannot be underestimated.China's coal reserves rank first in the world, and its iron ore reserves rank second in the world. If the coal reserves of Britain, Germany, and the United States are exhausted one day, Westerners can still get warmth from Shanxi Province. Shandong Province is located in the southeast of Zhili, and the boundary between Zhili Bay and the Yellow Sea is the Shandong Peninsula where it is located.Except for the Yellow River Plain near Zhili Bay, Shandong is mostly mountainous.The Yellow River used to flow into the Yellow Sea, but it suddenly changed its course in 1852 and went north into Zhili Bay.What is a flood?The flood caused by the diversion of the Yellow River gave people real insight.If you want to find out what the diversion of the Yellow River means, you might as well make an assumption that one day the Rhine decided to divert into the Baltic Sea, and the Seine suddenly decided not to enter the Bay of Biscay, but to divert into the North Sea. It will be clear at a glance.Since the end of the 17th century, the Yellow River has been diverted 10 times. Will the current river course still change?We can't tell.In other parts of the world, rivers are easily contained by dams on large rivers, but for large rivers such as the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, dams are not enough. The dams of the Yellow River in 1852 were a full 50 feet high, and when they were flooded they were torn apart like a piece of paper.

You may have heard of the saying that the Chinese are called the yellow race; you may have read newspaper articles about the "Yellow Peril".We often confuse the color of Chinese faces with concepts like yellow and China.However, a long time ago, the rulers of China called themselves "Emperor", which is pronounced the same as "Yellow Emperor", but it was not the "Emperor" of the yellow-skinned people, but the "Emperor" who lived in this yellow land , that is, "Emperor of the Yellow Earth".The entire North China region was dyed yellow by the large amount of yellow mud carried by the Yellow River—the river water, roads, houses, land, sea water, and even the clothes of men, women and children were also yellow.Because of the yellow soil, this nation has such a name, but in fact, their skin color is not yellower than that of Westerners.

In order to let the people no longer take the risk of long-distance travel on the sea, but can safely reach the middle and south from the north, in the 13th century, according to the order of a Chinese emperor, a grand canal was dug to connect the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.The Grand Canal is more than 1,000 miles long. Since it was dug through, it has been fulfilling its functions and transporting ships. It was not until 1852 that the Yellow River was diverted, and the canal and the old course of the Yellow River were destroyed. The Grand Canal was abandoned.However, the longest Grand Canal in the world can also show that the rulers of this yellow land are mostly enlightened emperors. Now return to the Shandong Peninsula.The hard granite on the coastline of the peninsula produced several important port cities.Weihaiwei Port is one of them.Until recently, the British controlled Weihaiwei.At that time, the Russians occupied Lushun Port on the other side of Zhili Bay, and regarded Lushun as the Russian military port and the starting point of the Siberian Railway. At this time, the British "lease" Weihaiwei from China. There is a clause in the "Lease Contract" It stipulated that as long as the Russians withdrew from the Liaodong Peninsula, the British would return Weihaiwei to China.However, in 1905, the Japanese defeated the Russians and occupied Lushun Port, but the British did not leave Weihaiwei.The Germans were not far behind, and soon took Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao Port in the southern part of the peninsula as their own.This is also the chain reaction caused by the World War in the Far East. For something that does not belong to them, the British and the Germans compete for each other, and just like the competition between the snipe and the clam, the Japanese, the third party, reap the benefits of the fisherman. up. In order to regain the goodwill of the Chinese, Weihaiwei and Jiaozhou Bay were returned to the Chinese after the World War.But if Manchuria were to be occupied by the Japanese this time around, the old game would have to be played over again. The eastern part of Central China is a wide and fertile plain, which is connected with the North China Plain.The central part is mountainous, and the Yangtze River meanders among these mountains, and finally rushes into the embrace of the East China Sea.Located on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan is a province almost the size of France, with fertile red soil that feeds more Chinese than the entire population of France.Sichuan was cut off from the outside world by several high mountains running north-south, and very few Caucasians entered Sichuan. Obviously, Sichuan has preserved more ethnic traditions than other places in China. After the Yangtze River flows eastward from the Sichuan Basin, it enters Hubei Province.Hubei is home to the famous port city of Hankou, where the revolution that ousted the last Qing emperor in 1911 started.The oldest kingdom in the world became a republic because of that revolution.The main commercial transportation artery in central China is the section of the Yangtze River below Hankou. Seagoing ships with a displacement of less than 1,000 tons can go directly to Hankou from Shanghai, China's foreign trade center and largest port.It was not until the end of the Opium War in 1840-1842 that Shanghai Port was forced to open to foreign businessmen. Hangzhou is located in the south of the Yangtze River Delta and was called the "Golden Mountain" by Marco Polo. Suzhou is located in the east of the Delta and is famous for its rich tea.Nanjing is located at the westernmost end of the Yangtze River Delta. Because of the gentle terrain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the land is fertile, and the products are rich and extremely rich. Therefore, Nanjing has not only been the most important city in Central China for a long time, but also the capital of many dynasties. The reason why Nanjing was chosen as the seat of the new Chinese government, at least at the time I wrote this work (January 2, 1932 at 00:07), was the official residence of the Chinese central government, is partly due to historical reasons and partly due to historical factors. Due to its geographical location—it is located at the transfer station from Guangzhou to Beijing, partly due to the fact that the artillery of foreign warships at sea cannot directly threaten the safety of Nanjing. There are many mountains in South China, densely covered with hills, and tea, silk and cotton are also produced, but it is relatively poor.In the past, forests covered most of South China. Later, the forests were cut down and soil erosion was severe, leaving only bare rocky mountains. As a result, there was a large-scale immigration wave in South China, and a large number of Chinese people poured into those places that were still there. Countries that have not restricted the influx of Chinese immigrants. Guangzhou is the most important city in South China.Shanghai is the center for Chinese products exported to Europe, and Guangzhou is the center for China's imports from Europe.There are two foreign-occupied areas located at the mouth of the Pearl River (Guangzhou city is still a few miles from the coast).On the right is Macau, Portugal once occupied many colonies in China, and this is its last colony; on the left is Hong Kong, which was occupied by the British as early as the Opium War. There are two large islands along the coast of South China. Hainan Island is still in the hands of the Chinese, while Taiwan Island, originally a Dutch colony, was ceded by the Japanese after the Sino-Japanese War in 1894-1895. 90% of Chinese people are peasants, they all depend on the weather for food, famine will happen if they are not old.However, China still has 48 port cities open to foreign businessmen, and tea, cotton and silk are the main export products of the Chinese.Opium is an addictive poison. The Chinese emperor has been working hard to ban his subjects from smoking opium, and China never exports opium. Those poppy fields gradually turned into cotton fields. The Chinese have special respect for their ancestors. Therefore, compared with any other nation, it is more difficult for the Chinese to accept the railway.The old ancestors rest in peace, and it would be a disaster if they were disturbed by a train whizzing by on the railway line. In 1875, a railway several miles long was being built between Shanghai and Wusongkou, but it met with strong opposition and had to be stopped.So far, when China is building railways, if it encounters the graves of ancestors, it still has to detour far away.At present, China has built more than 10,000 miles of railway lines, and the largest railway bridge in the world today is the railway bridge across the Yellow River near Mount Tai. Why do the British have been urging all countries to cancel the previous policies that discriminated against and abused Chinese people?Britain and its colonies still controlled 60% of China's foreign trade, and maybe that's why.The Chinese represent the interests of 20% of the world's population, and it is the best policy to maintain a friendly relationship with such customers.If smart Chinese boycott British products, the British will lose millions of dollars every day. In the hazy ancient times, the earliest ancestors of the Chinese were vaguely produced. At this time, they were already living on the yellow land on both sides of the Yellow River.For farming people, the most satisfactory thing is to have a piece of fertile land, not to mention, this piece of yellow land also solves their housing problem.People dug in from the side of the mountain and dug out cave dwellings one after another. Living in the cave dwellings did not have to consider the problem of ventilation through the walls or rain from the roof. According to those tourists who are more familiar with this piece of yellow land, this piece of yellow land was originally very densely populated, but there is no sign of human habitation at night.Until early in the morning, when the first ray of sunlight came from the east, countless men, women, old and young came out of the cave dwelling, like rabbits jumping out of their holes to bask in the sun. They started to work again for three meals a day. , until night fell, and all disappeared on the ground, and ran into the cave dwelling. After the Chinese occupied the western highlands, they began to slowly advance eastward and expand eastward.Millions of tons of yellow mud were carried downstream by the rapids of the Yellow River and deposited on the downstream plains, where the land became more fertile, enough to feed the ever-expanding population.With the changes of the Yellow River, the Chinese also migrated. In 2000 BC (1500 years before Rome appeared), the Chinese had already arrived in the Yangtze River Basin. plain. In the 5th or 4th century BC, three of China's greatest spiritual leaders—Confucius, Laozi, and Mencius—were born.What kind of religion did China have before these three teachers came into being?It has not been verified so far.Of course, as the source of the power of creation, nature has always been worshiped, especially for those who rely entirely on the sky, they worship nature even more, and never dare to show the slightest disrespect.Unlike Jesus, Sakyamuni, and Muhammad, Confucius, Laozi, and Mencius are not the founders of religions. First of all, "people are not sages, no one can make mistakes" is the foundation of their moral teachings. They believe that people are not born with great wisdom and courage, but a group of ordinary people. If you listen carefully to the teachings of the elders and wise men, you will definitely make a difference.From the perspective of Western Christianity, the views promoted by these three teachers are too secular, materialistic, and utilitarian.They didn't promote the idea that people should be submissive or submissive, because they knew how could ordinary people have such noble sentiments?How is it possible to reach such a high spiritual level?Moreover, they themselves doubt, if such a code of conduct is promoted, will it be beneficial to social development?Therefore, they say that evil is rewarded with evil, and good is rewarded with good. A good person should be good and help the world, and a poor person should be good for himself. The content of moral thought preached by these three masters of Chinese philosophy is not much, and each has its own deficiencies.I am not saying that the philosophical systems of Confucius, Laozi, and Mencius are better or worse than those of Westerners, but their thinking does have some very distinct strengths and advantages. 400 million Chinese speak dozens of dialects (communication between northerners and southerners is as difficult as Swiss and Italians), and live in a variety of environments. However, because of Confucius, Laozi and Mencius , At least one such commonality has been formed-an open-minded and optimistic attitude towards life in the ups and downs of honor and disgrace, and a pragmatic philosophy of life in the face of poor gains and losses.It is precisely because of the support of this philosophy of life that countless Chinese people in miserable circumstances have gone through many hardships and lived their entire lives. Faced with the same hardships, a European or American may have a nervous breakdown and completely lose their minds. Break down or simply die. Almost everyone can understand and comprehend the simple philosophical thoughts of Confucius, Laozi and Mencius.If you don't believe it, you can find evidence in the 4,000-year assimilation miracle of the Chinese.In the 10th century AD, the Mongol Empire, a larger empire that annexed China, had a vast territory stretching from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Baltic Sea in the west.However, these Mongolian emperors, like Kublai Khan, had only one ending --- being assimilated into Han people.After the Mongolian Dynasty, it was replaced by the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), which was the last Han dynasty in China.Later, a Tatar king in Manchuria overthrew the Ming Dynasty and established his own Qing Empire.Although the rulers of Manchuria conquered the Han people at that time and forced them to wear long braids and shaved their foreheads, they still could not escape the same fate as the Mongols, and they were eventually assimilated more than the Han people. Also more like Han people. Since the Manchurians entered the Central Plains, there has been peace in China.The Qing Dynasty only needed to guard the harbor to prevent Western aggression, so it could sit back and relax.Thus, the historical process of Chinese civilization finally caught a respite. However, once the civilization stagnates, China suddenly loses its vitality, and it is more rigid and rigid than any other country, more closed and conservative.Political dictatorship was harsher than the Russian political system before the October Revolution. Literature was frozen and science stagnated. If anyone invented something new, he would be ridiculed by others immediately. Even Chinese art was originally Incomparable, at this time, like the ancient Byzantine mosaics, it began to move towards formalization.China is completely isolated from the world, and they have no idea what the outside world is doing.A closed nation is always arrogant, blindly thinking that it is the most powerful, that its army is invincible, that its art is also the most wonderful of all human arts, and that its customs, customs, customs It is also far superior to other countries. It is simply absurd to use foreign countries as a standard to measure China.However, all countries that strive to exclude foreign countries can only end up harming the people and the country. Since the early 16th century, China has allowed only a few "foreign devils" to enter the foreign trade-oriented port cities on the Pacific coast.These "foreign devils" were mainly Portuguese, British, and Dutch. In China, their social status was very low, just like the black doctors who happened to be on the same boat as the descendants of the first colonists in Virginia. In 1816, the British sent Lord Amherst (who visited Napoleon on St. Helena in 1817) to China to ask the Chinese emperor to grant asylum to British merchants and improve their treatment in Guangzhou.Lord Amherst was told that if he would kneel and kowtow before the Dragon Throne, he would be able to make a pilgrimage to the Emperor.The so-called "kowtow", to put it more elegantly, means that a person "kneel down in front of the emperor and let his head touch the ground three times".Once upon a time, there was a Dutch captain who knew that as long as he knelt and kowtowed in front of the emperor, he could bring back a large amount of tea and spices, and he would have no worries about food and clothing for the rest of his life, so he knelt and kowtowed.However, Amherst thought that he was not a captain, but a representative of the British king, so he flatly refused the request to perform the salute. As a result, he didn't even set foot on the gate of Beijing. At this time, in the development and utilization of this small earth, the steam engine invented by James Watt was widely used in Europe.Urgent Europeans are eager to get out of Europe to conquer the new world, and China is rightly on the list.It is disgraceful for a proud white race to start a war on the pretext of an emergency, especially after 1807, when Dr. Morrison, as the first missionary from Europe to Canton, Constantly propagating to the Chinese people how good Christianity is and why they should believe in Christ.In the face of the rolling opium frenzy, even the most rigid and narrow-minded Manchu officials can actively use Confucianism to obstruct it, but the British East India Company continues to extract opium from poppy seeds, sell Millions of pounds were given to the Chinese in the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys.The British East India Company insisted on importing opium into China, but the Chinese government resolutely refused to land opium. Therefore, opium and hurt feelings led to the Opium War in 1840.This war made China dumbfounded. In front of these foreigners who they looked down upon, they found that they were no opponents at all. After hundreds of years of self-defense, China has fallen far behind the world. This fear finally turned into reality.Since the Opium Wars, the Chinese have gradually been at the mercy of foreigners.Most Chinese people don't care about world affairs at first, and just bury their heads in the fields and harvest. But through the facts they occasionally witnessed, they also began to realize that there was a problem in their own country.All the disasters that happened on this land were blamed by the Chinese on the Manchu Qing government ruled by foreigners, so the Chinese began to rise up.The first major uprising broke out about 80 years ago, and the Chinese hoped to use the revolution to regain their freedom. When the Qing government was at war with Britain and France, the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" movement was surging in South China.These people cut off their braids and refused to shave their heads.However, for those ordinary people who rebelled because of poverty, the army of the Manchu Dynasty was too strong.In order to replace the Manchurians, they elected their own Han emperor (referring to Hong Xiuquan———translator's note), but he finally set himself on fire in his own palace in Nanjing and burned all his concubines alive (here the author makes Wrong, Hong Xiuquan died of illness, not self-immolation. When the Hunan Army captured Nanjing, Hong Xiuquan had been dead for more than a month. Since the Taiping soldiers vowed to live and die with Nanjing, they set themselves on fire——Translator’s Note).Hundreds of thousands of people were killed in this revolutionary movement.There were two foreign generals in the Qing army that suppressed this revolutionary movement. One was the American engineer Wall, and the other was the British Gordon. He was a devout Christian and a deep mystic.After Gordon returned home, he devoted himself to charity and religious causes, and lived a leisurely retired life, preparing for his tragic end.The story about Gordon will be learned in the chapter "Africa". In 1875, there was a conflict between Germany and the Qing government, so Germany sent a squadron into China on the pretext of helping China to suppress pirates along the coast. From 1884 to 1885, the Sino-French War broke out, and Annan and Tonkin Bay in southern China were lost since then. In 1894, the Chinese fought another battle with the Westernized Japanese and lost the island of Taiwan. At this time, the Europeans began to compete for China's military strategic locations.The Russians occupied Lushun Port in the northeast, the British leased Weihaiwei, the Germans occupied Jiaozhou Bay, and the French divided up Cam Ranh Bay on the left bank of the Mekong River. This is another example of how often American foreign policy is emotionally complex (or sentimental).The Europeans had turned their seized land into an impregnable fortress, and whenever the Americans looked over (not to watch, of course), they hastily closed the gates. The Chinese people are hard-working by nature, and they began to see that not only the government oppressed them, but foreigners also bullied them.After seeing this fact clearly, they once again vented all the suffering and humiliation they had suffered on the foreign rulers --- the Manchu government. In 1901, the Boxer Rebellion broke out.They first assassinated the German ambassador (because the German ambassador was the first foreigner to attack the Chinese), and then besieged the foreign missions in Beijing.Therefore, in order to rescue the besieged diplomatic missions, Russia, Japan, Britain, France, Austria, Germany, Italy, and the United States formed a coalition force and marched into Beijing to rescue the ambassadors and their families who were in despair. .In retaliation, the Eight-Power Allied Forces plundered the city of Beijing. As a result, this wealthy city suffered unprecedented damage. No matter how sacred and inviolable it was, it was violated, and even the Forbidden City was not spared. "Do like the Huns!" was the German emperor's command to the commander of the German army and his 20,000 soldiers (who stopped shooting, but continued to loot).It was an unfortunate order, a very poor one issued by old Kaiser Wilhelm during his reign.Ten years later, he got his comeuppance, and now he has to stay alone in the Netherlands chopping wood. The Qing government's servility, the astronomical figures of war reparations, and the aggressiveness of European countries, the Chinese people can no longer bear all these. In 1911, their revolution broke out again.Overthrew the Manchu Qing government and established the Republic.This time, the people succeeded. This time, the Chinese have learned a profound lesson.The Chinese understand that Westerners are not only interested in Confucius' moral articles, but also in China's precious mineral resources such as coal, iron ore, and oil.The Chinese either try to preserve their treasure mines or sink them to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.Soon, they began to realize that they should learn from the Japanese and achieve "Westernization" in the shortest possible time.They hired many teachers from all over the world, especially the Japanese as their teachers, because the people of the two countries live next to each other and the communication is very convenient. At the same time, Russia is running everything according to Marxism and embarking on a great journey to transform a country covering one-sixth of the earth into an industrialized power.Because China and Russia are neighbors, the Russians can quietly spread some new ideas to the ears of these long-suffering Chinese coolies.In the past, no matter who was in charge of the destiny of the Chinese people, whether it was the British, the French or the Japanese, the Chinese seemed to be born to be oxen and horses. All these conflicting thoughts, feelings, and plans have created chaos in China unprecedented since the end of the world wars.In the World War, the Chinese were forced to join the Allies.As soon as the war ended, the Chinese returned to their old ways. Not only did they gain nothing, but they lost even more. I am not a prophet and cannot predict what will happen in China in the next 10-15 years.But China is a poor country, and it started too late.At that time, the situation in China may not improve much, and it is impossible to catch up with the progress of the world soon, but if one day the Chinese catch up with us, then, let us ask God for mercy.