Chapter 7 discover europe

550 million people live on the European continent, second only to the 950 million in Asia, more than the combined population of America, Africa and Australia, and twice that of North and South America.These data are relatively accurate, because these data come from the International Statistical Association, composed of many scholars, these scholars can look at things with a more objective and calm perspective, and will never distort the facts to please the national pride of any country . According to statistics from this statistical association, the world's population is increasing at a rate of 30 million per year.This problem is very serious.If growth continues at this rate, the world population will double within 60 years.And after millions of years, that is, in 19320, or in 193200, or in 1932000, the human condition will be unimaginable.In the subway station, "only the station" is already terrible, but if it is "only the station" on earth, it is absolutely unbearable.

Unless human beings dare to face the reality and take timely actions, otherwise, the future fate of human beings will be worse than the situation of "only standing". Of course, this is a question within the scope of political economy, and the current question-where did the early inhabitants of the European continent, those who played an important role in history, come from? Are there other inhabitants of the Continent? Unfortunately, the answer must be very vague.These people probably came from Asia, and they traveled long distances, passing through the narrow channel between the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea, and flowing into the European continent.Here, they may have encountered earlier immigrants, but the social stage of those who came first was still relatively primitive.After anthropologists have collected more information, these stories are no longer illusory. These "stories" should not be incorporated into this geographical work. Therefore, these later immigrants are the focus of discussion here .

Why did these people migrate? Why did they travel all the way from Asia to Europe? Just as in the past two or three hundred years, thousands of people came to Europe for the boundless land of the West and for their survival. Good opportunity, in order not to go hungry, they kept immigrating from the old continent of Europe to the New World of America, and these Asians were also constantly migrating at that time. Just as European immigrants spread throughout the American Great Plains later, Asian immigrants rushed to all parts of Europe at that time.All traces of "pure-blood races" quickly disappeared in the process of frantically grabbing land and lakes (in the early days of human beings, lakes were more precious than land).And a small number of weak peoples still live in some inaccessible areas along the Atlantic coast and in some valleys deep in the mountains. is irreparable.Today, when people talk about the word "ethnicity", it no longer has the meaning of ethnic purity.

For a larger group of people, we use such language to describe: they (more or less) speak the same language; their historical origins (more or less) are somewhat the same; In the recorded 2000 years, they have the same national personality, thinking mode and social behavior, all of which give them a sense of national belonging.For such a group of people, we use the word population to call it. According to the concept of "nation", modern Europeans can be divided into three large nations and six or seven small nations. One is the Germanic peoples, including English, Dutch, Norwegians, Swedes, Danes, Flemish and some Swiss.The other is the Latin peoples, including the French, Spaniards, Italians, Portuguese, and Romanians.There is also a Slavic people, including Russians, Poles, Czechs, Serbs and Bulgarians.These three major ethnic groups accounted for 93% of the total European population.

Several other small ethnic groups include nearly 2 million Finns, 2 million Magyars or Hungarians, 3 million Jews, and about 1 million descendants of Turks who live in the remnants of the former Turkish Empire around Constantinople. ) (Constantinople is now the Turkish city of Istanbul——Translator’s Note), there are also Greeks, other peoples are about to assimilate them, whether they are Greeks, we can only judge by guessing, but in In consanguinity, they were closer to the Germanic peoples than to the others.There are Germanic ancestry and there may be Albanians. Although they lived and worked in the European continent five or six hundred years earlier than the ancient Romans and ancient Greeks appeared on the European continent, they are now behind the times. 1000 years.Finally there are the Celts of Ireland, the Lites and Lithuanians of the Baltic, and the Gypsies.The origin and population of the Gypsies are unknown, and their appearance is intriguing. Their fate seems to be a wake-up call to history: for those who came late, those who appeared after the last piece of land was divided by others, the fate of the Gypsies is their end.

These are the people who live among the mountains and rivers of the Old World.Next, let's see how they are shaped by the geographical environment, and how the geographical environment is transformed by them in turn.It is in the struggle between human beings and the environment that human civilization is created.Without this kind of struggle, human beings may still drink blood. About how to use this work The key to reading this work is careful reference to maps.Many atlases are made with precision, and picking one at random will help you understand the work better. This work contains a large number of illustrations, but do not consider them a substitute for an atlas.These illustrations are only drawn to provide more ways to help you understand the issues discussed in this work. I also hope that these illustrations can arouse your interest in drawing pictures, so that you can draw pictures yourself based on the geographical knowledge you have acquired.You can see that the floor plan, although cleverly made, is still somewhat different from the actual situation.The map on the globe is closer to reality, but not perfect, because it is not yet an ellipsoid.In fact, the production of the globe is only for convenience, not to get closer to reality.The real Earth is slightly flattened near the poles, and only a very large globe can show this difference, so don't worry about these minor issues.You should have a globe handy (I wrote this with the help of a globe, it's a small globe on a pencil sharpener that costs only 10 cents) and make good use of it, but remember that it's only related to the globe. "approximate", but not "exactly consistent" with the real earth.If you want to get the captain's qualification certificate, you have to go to real life to appreciate the actual appearance of the earth.If you really have this idea, then, in order to master this difficult knowledge, you are bound to spend many years, and this work is not a professional book, it is just a popular publication, which is very useful for people living on the earth. It is only helpful for the average citizen of the world to know the general situation of the earth.

Now, please listen to one of my maxims: Recognizing everything in pictures is the most effective and easiest way to learn geography.Do not copy other people's drawings, mine or anyone else's.If you're interested, you can use my pictures as a reference, but only as an "appetizer", a polite suggestion to fully enjoy the meal you have prepared. I have set an example by drawing some sample maps based on my knowledge of geography, both planar and three-dimensional.It takes a while to get used to the dioramas, but once you get the hang of them, you won't love the floor plans anymore.Here are some illustrations drawn from different angles like looking down on the vast land from the top of the mountain, which can help you observe the landscape more comprehensively.There are also some like in airplanes or Zeppelins (Zeppelin was a German aviation pioneer, the first large-scale manufacturer of rigid airships. Zeppelin is a rigid airship built by the Zeppelin company. In World War I , many zeppelins were engaged in patrol and strategic bombing work. During the interwar years, zeppelin airships made several successful transatlantic commercial flights——Translator's Note) The pictures painted on it, and some scenes, they seem It can only appear when the sea is dry.There are also some pictures that are like decorative paintings, just very pretty, while others are a bit like geometric figures.You choose it yourself, and then draw it yourself according to your own understanding of things.

Draw a picture... You have to have a globe, no matter how big or small, an atlas, and then prepare a pen and paper, and you can start drawing. Learning geography, only the method of drawing pictures by hand can make you never forget.