Chapter 5 5 after the earthquake
This is the translated language (
Self-rescue and mutual rescue are extremely important in earthquake relief. Regardless of whether rescue forces arrive or not, self-rescue of victims is an indispensable life-saving measure.According to some data statistics, the escape rate of self-rescue and mutual rescue can reach 40% to 80%.
A strong earthquake ended after dozens of seconds, and the first question was how to save ourselves.Bury lighter people under the ruins, rely on your own strength and wisdom, and according to your specific situation, look for weak parts that can save yourself and escape from danger, try your best to save yourself, you can escape from danger, and irrational shouting and screaming will not help. .Wang Guiyou from the Tangshan Iron and Steel Research Institute was knocked unconscious during the Tangshan earthquake. After waking up, he smashed and bumped and shouted for help, but the rescue would not be so fast, and he was very tired as a result.When he suddenly calmed down, he realized that he could still move.So he calmly thought about how to save himself, and finally found a breakthrough through a ray of light coming in from the outside. After digging, he got out and immediately rescued his family and neighbors.If you are seriously injured or unable to escape temporarily, do not shout and move around to consume energy, but try to delay your life. First, loosen the part that hinders breathing (near the mouth, nose, and chest), or open a certain small space to facilitate breathing. rescue.When a person is found to be rescued, the method of shouting or knocking on the object can be used to indicate the buried pressure position for the rescuer.
Mutual rescue of disaster victims must be organized and pay attention to methods and methods, so as to avoid undue casualties due to blind attempts.First, judge the position of the buried person, especially the head position, by listening, calling, inquiring and according to the structural characteristics of the building, and then carry out excavation and rescue.
Asking is to ask relatives, friends, comrades and local acquaintances who were together during the earthquake, point out the location of the wounded, understand the local street conditions, and the distribution of buildings.
Listening means listening closely to the cries and groans of the wounded, listening while beating and shining with a flashlight.
Look, that is, carefully observe whether there are bloodstains on limbs, clothes or other signs exposed outside, and pay special attention to doorways, corners, front of the house, under the bed, etc.
Exploration is to find the wounded in the gaps of the ruins, or to get rid of obstacles.At this time, pay attention to whether there are traces of crawling and blood, so as to find the exhausted victims.
Shouting means asking local acquaintances and relatives of the wounded to call out the names of the victims and listen carefully for any response.
Through the above five methods, find the location of the wounded, and then take appropriate rescue methods according to the situation, the wounded can be rescued quickly, and the rescue results will be gradually expanded.
After rescuing the wounded, the head should be exposed first, the dust in the mouth and nose should be removed quickly, and then the chest and abdomen should be exposed.If there is suffocation, artificial respiration should be given in time; if the injury is serious and cannot come out by itself, do not pull it hard, try to expose the whole body, find out the injury, and perform bandaging or first aid.In pick and rescue, light tools such as shovels and iron rods, and toilet equipment such as towels, sheets, shirts, and wooden boards can be used.After the medical staff and militia health backbone personnel in the disaster area escape from danger, they can play an important core and backbone role in the local rescue work.Immediately build temporary bandaging points and medical points at road intersections and beside the ruins, and guide the victims to rescue themselves and each other.Victims in the lightly affected areas should rush to the severely affected areas immediately in an organized way for mutual rescue.
The earthquake has already happened, time cannot be turned back, force majeure cannot be stopped, but after the earthquake, it is not impossible to do, there are still a series of things that deserve attention, and preventive measures are still effective.
Secondary disasters generally refer to a series of other disasters caused by the destructive consequences of the earthquake after a strong earthquake.For example, when an earthquake occurs, the shock damages the dam of the reservoir, causing the dam to break and causing floods; the shock breaks the pipelines of chemical enterprises, causing toxic and dangerous substances to overflow, causing new disasters.There are many types of earthquake secondary disasters, including fire, poisonous gas pollution, bacterial pollution, flood, radioactive pollution, landslide, tsunami, plague, etc. These disasters can be called physical secondary disasters.There is another type of secondary disasters called psychological secondary disasters, such as blindly avoiding shocks during or after earthquakes, blindly building shockproof shelters, etc., causing casualties and losses.
Judging from a large number of earthquake cases, the most important earthquake secondary disasters are: fire.It is often caused by the collapse of the stove, electric leakage, gas leakage and flammable and explosive materials caused by earthquake and vibration. On September 1, 1923, during the Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan, 208 places in Yokohama caught fire at the same time; because the fire-fighting equipment and water pipes were damaged by the earthquake, the fire could not be extinguished, and almost the entire city was burned.Such secondary disasters mostly occur in cities.Earthquake and landslide disasters.This disaster mostly occurs in mountainous areas and during the rainy season. On August 25, 1933, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurred in Diexi, Sichuan. Diexi City was destroyed by the landslide of the mountain during the earthquake. The nearby Minjiang River collapsed and blocked the water storage. After more than a month, a large amount of water was stored and the dam was washed away. , causing major floods downstream.Earthquake and tsunami.Earthquake and tsunami are long waves and large waves formed by strong seawater disturbance caused by violent fluctuations of seabed terrain during submarine earthquakes. On May 22, 1960, the Chilean earthquake of magnitude 8.9 caused a tsunami with a wave head as high as 30 meters. The waves swept westward across the Pacific Ocean at a speed of 600-700 kilometers per hour, washing away more than 1,000 houses in Japan.Another disaster should be psychological reconstruction.Needless to say, disasters make people extremely fragile psychologically, and the pain of losing their loved ones may linger for many years. At this time, they need psychological counseling, which is still lacking in China.
Guaiguai@blog Tudang is compiled and drawn according to Yiyanshe (manual.
Source: Red Net
Ding Liuquan hadn't eaten anything all day and all night. This 12-year-old child lost four relatives on the night of typhoon "Sangmei" hit on the 10th.After the disaster, many hearts were wrapped in pain like Xiao Liuquan. A psychological intervention team composed of psychological crisis intervention experts rushed to Cangnan County, Wenzhou on the morning of the 12th to carry out emergency psychological services for the local people who were hit by the typhoon "Sangmei". crisis intervention.This is also the first time that the Zhejiang provincial government has organized experts to carry out psychological crisis intervention for typhoon victims. ("Strait Metropolis Daily" August 13)
Typhoon "Sangmei" is gone, but those who lost their loved ones in the disaster cannot erase the trauma of their hearts, and need psychological comfort even more.Against this background, the Zhejiang Provincial Government organized experts to carry out psychological intervention on the affected people for the first time, which is of extraordinary significance.
After the disaster, most people attach great importance to rebuilding their homes. In other words, the government puts most of its time, energy and financial resources on "material disaster relief", while "psychological disaster relief" to the victims is often ignored.In fact, in a sense, psychological intervention is also another kind of post-disaster reconstruction. If this point is not taken seriously, some disaster-affected groups will not be able to get rid of "post-traumatic disorder", and then various extreme behaviors will appear.
At this point in writing, the author thinks of an example where there was no post-disaster psychological intervention.After the blowout accident in Kaixian County, Chongqing, when a huge compensation of 50 million yuan suddenly came to the impoverished mountain village with a per capita annual income of only 1,600 yuan, because there was no timely intervention of psychological intervention, an unprecedented moral crisis occurred: many villagers joined the gambling At the back of the queue, there are photos of relatives who died in the disaster; in order to fight for the support of orphans whose parents died in the disaster and received compensation, relatives fought violently; in order to obtain compensation, the mother poisoned the paralyzed child who survived the disaster with her own hands. ; 7 members of his family died, and the old man who became a millionaire overnight became the object of single women's competition for marriage. (Daily News, July 28, 2004)
Looking at foreign countries, most developed countries have established a complete post-disaster psychological intervention system.For example, after the "9.11" incident, the U.S. federal and local governments spent a large sum of money on correcting the panic, anxiety and illusions caused by the disaster to the living. At the same time, the New York City Department of Education sent senior school psychologists to Home, talk with students and parents school by school, patiently provide psychological counseling, and resolve people's fear and anxiety.
On the other hand, domestically, our country lacks legislation and operating mechanisms for psychological intervention, and lacks the content of psychological assistance. At the same time, there is a shortage of personnel for psychological intervention.It is not enough to rely on only a few experts. The most urgent task is to carry out legislation on psychological intervention to legally determine the necessity of psychological intervention.Furthermore, psychological rescue is not only the treatment of experts, it should have a broader concept, and it is an activity of the whole society.For example, the help and comfort from relatives, friends and neighbors are more daily and more long-term.Harmonious interpersonal relationships and a social atmosphere of mutual help and love are nothing less than a good recipe for psychological rescue for us Chinese.
Although the dozens of experts who implemented the "psychological intervention" this time are obviously a drop in the bucket for the people in the disaster-stricken areas with a huge area, and the supply is seriously in short supply, but the author believes that this is the beginning of a good psychological intervention.Because this not only reflects the government's humanistic care for the affected people, but also plays an enlightening role in the construction of domestic psychological intervention mechanisms. [Wu Rui Thrush]
Editor's Note
Those who died in the disaster were unfortunate, and they left greater misfortune to the living.What a disaster leaves on the hearts of the living may be scars that cannot be healed in a lifetime.In post-disaster recovery and construction, spiritual reconstruction is equally important.
After the Tangshan earthquake, the concept of "spiritual ruins" was first proposed.In recent years, post-disaster psychological intervention, as a new business, has gradually entered the scene of various disasters and built spiritual homes for the injured souls.
July 20, Tangshan Veteran Cadre Activity Center.
An academic seminar quietly kicked off here.The theme of the meeting is still an unfamiliar word to most people: psychological crisis intervention in mass disasters across the country.At this time, there are only 8 days before July 28.
"The Tangshan Earthquake is a major natural disaster in the history of mankind. The research on the mental health of the people after the earthquake is of great significance to the research on the psychological crisis intervention of mass disasters in my country. On the occasion of commemorating the 30th anniversary of Tangshan's earthquake resistance, it is of great significance to hold such a seminar here. Extraordinary!" said Yang Desen, a member of the World Health Organization expert group and honorary director of the Institute of Mental Health, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University.
In the eyes of many participants, this is a special earthquake commemorative event.
■"Every time around July 28, this old couple will have a serious illness"
Xu Guangming, a former doctor at the Kailuan Mental Health Center who came to the meeting and a PhD student, told reporters about a case:
In August 1976, after the Tangshan earthquake.It was raining heavily and the land was barren.
In the dark night, a couple was digging crazily on the ruins with a shovel in their hands, repeating the names of their children repeatedly, as if they had seen them, and completely ignored the obstruction of others.At this time, their two sons and a daughter had already died in the earthquake.
This situation continued for a whole week.A few years later, the couple had a child of their own again.However, around July 28 every year, the couple is in a state of disarray, pained like a thousand arrows piercing their hearts.During those few days, they did not read TV, newspapers, or listen to the radio, and did not want to touch any information related to the 7.28 earthquake.In their words: "Every time around July 28, we will have a serious illness!"
"This is a typical case we found in our research on the long-term consequences of earthquake disaster mental health. Their denial, avoidance of facts, auditory hallucinations, hallucinations and other symptoms are called stress disorders in psychiatry. A kind of mental trauma left behind." Xu Guangming said.
According to a census conducted by Tangshan Mental Hospital in August 1978, within two years, the hospital confirmed 108 cases of reactive psychosis caused by the extreme pain, sorrow or fear caused by the earthquake, accounting for 2.4% of all mental illnesses. These patients showed the pathogenic characteristics of sudden earthquake disaster. The disease was mostly reactive depression, accounting for about 40%; the second was hazy reaction, accounting for about 25%; and accompanied by huge mental trauma leading to suicidal behavior.
One day in 1997, Yu Zhenjian, director of the psychiatric ward of Kailuan Mental Health Center, received a special patient.When the 40-year-old middle-aged woman surnamed Wu walked into the consulting room, she looked nervous. After entering, she turned the doorknob first, then looked around the room, and then sat down with confidence.
Ms. Wu is a miner.One day a year ago, she went to the south on a business trip.At night, the hotel room suddenly lost power, and it was completely dark.This sudden change seemed to activate all the fear cells in Ms. Wu's body. She jumped up from the bed like crazy, looked for the door everywhere, and finally ran away.
In the following year, every time Ms. Wu went to a closed environment, she was terrified, afraid that she would not be able to get out. Whenever she went to someone else's house, she had to check where the door was and twist the handle to see if it could be opened.The windows of the small trains in the mine are all equipped with iron railings. As soon as the train started, she immediately felt flustered, suffocated, and even went crazy.Therefore, she refused to take cars and trains, and avoided entering any closed spaces, which seriously affected her normal work and life.
The attending physician Yu Zhenjian noticed a fact when he was understanding the condition: Ms. Wu was buried in the ruins during the earthquake. At that time, she felt pitch black, as if isolated from the world.She was rescued later, and someone in her family died unfortunately.
"This is place terror accompanied by panic attack, which belongs to neurosis. The underlying factor behind this fear is the earthquake 20 years ago. Because she suppressed the fear and sadness at that time and did not fully release it, and 20 years later, when she encountered In a similar situation, the psychological damage caused by the earthquake finally broke out." Yu Zhenjian said.
The psychological damage caused by earthquakes is often long-term. On the 20th anniversary of the earthquake in 1996, Tangshan Kailuan Mental Health Center conducted a survey. The results showed that among the 1,813 people surveyed, 402 suffered from delayed stress disorder, accounting for 22.1%. "The vibration of the earthquake was only a dozen seconds, but the damage caused by the earthquake did not stop because of the cessation of the earthquake."
■"At that time, it would be great if someone listened to her heart!"
In the heart of Wang Ziping, a professor at Hebei University of Technology, there is always a regret.
On the third day after the earthquake, the surviving Wang Ziping witnessed the misfortune of his neighbor: a young girl in the opposite house committed suicide.On the afternoon of the day of the earthquake, Wang Ziping met this girl by the side of the ditch.At that time, she was working with everyone to rescue the residents buried in the ruins, covered in blood, exhausted and emaciated.Unexpectedly, news of the girl's death came three days later.There was never an explanation for her suicide.
Many years later, Professor Wang Ziping, who has been engaged in earthquake sociology research, understood the reason: the reason for this young woman's suicide was not just personal, but a concrete manifestation of the collapse and shattering of the human spiritual world after the earthquake.
"A severe earthquake does harm to people three-dimensionally. While it hurts people's physiology, it also damages the spiritual world, and this damage will continue to form after the earthquake. Serious damage to people's spirit will Disintegrate the spiritual world, thus creating a spiritual ruin." Wang Ziping said.
However, in Tangshan at that time, when people were busy rebuilding their homes, how to rebuild their souls on the "spiritual ruins" did not receive sufficient attention. "It would be great if someone listened to her heart at that time! Maybe the tragedy could be avoided!" Wang Ziping said with emotion.He always felt that this was the girl's pity, and it was also the pity of all those who cared about her.
At around 10 a.m. on the second day after the earthquake, Zhang Baowei, who was working in the prefectural committee at that time, had been buried in the rubble for more than 30 hours.
"At first I heard my wife crying and calling me, but then there was no sound at all. It was dark all around, and I felt like I was going to die soon." Zhang Baowei recalled that when the earthquake happened, because he reacted quickly, he pulled his wife Yigulu rolled under the bed and escaped the collapsed beams. Both husband and wife were not injured.But when rescue forces rescued the two of them, the wife was already dead.
"Actually, it didn't hit us at all. She didn't have any injuries when she died, she just died of shock." Zhang Baowei said that his wife was usually timid, and at that time he was also stunned by the sudden disaster. .
Zhang Baowei was rescued by the first batch of troops to arrive, and he still clearly remembers the scene at that time: "I heard a few people shouting from above, Comrade, hold on! After a long time, the light came through, Several people hurriedly dragged me out."
In the following years, Zhang Baowei often told people about this experience.He said that while waiting for rescue in the ruins, he exhausted all his physical strength and courage. Fear and despair made him almost unable to persevere. "Until I saw the comrades of the People's Liberation Army, I suddenly felt more at ease."
Zhang Baowei's feelings are shared by many people in Tangshan during the disaster.According to a survey conducted by the Earthquake Sociology Research Group of Hebei University of Technology, in the early stages of the earthquake, the most urgent and common desire of the people in the disaster-stricken area was to communicate with the outside world as soon as possible, so as to eliminate the inner "sense of loneliness", "sense of loss", " Abandonment” and other negative emotions.As for the "event that calmed people down after the earthquake", 52.9% of the respondents answered "the People's Liberation Army went to the front line of disaster relief", and 29.1% answered "heard the condolence message from the Party Central Committee".
Many people in Tangshan have such memories. People who suffered from their own injuries or the destruction of their homes did not shed a single tear in extreme pain. , but they couldn't help but burst into tears...
■"Psychological intervention workers should appear at the first scene of a disaster"
"Psychological intervention workers should appear at the first scene of a disaster"——On the afternoon of July 20, Ma Hong, director of the Public Health Division of the Institute of Mental Health of Peking University and executive deputy director of mental health of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, gave a speech entitled "Group The road to psychological crisis intervention in sexual catastrophe incidents” was clearly put forward in the report.Having participated in the on-site psychological rescue work of previous domestic disasters many times, Ma Hong was deeply touched.
In her presentation, the slideshow showed a familiar scene: On the afternoon of June 10, 2005, Shalan, Mudanjiang was hit by a flash flood, killing 117 people.Among them, 105 primary school students died and 57 were injured.
At that time, the psychological assistance team led by Ma Hong rushed to Shalan immediately.Focusing on primary school students, they launched a psychological assessment of the post-disaster population, screened those at high risk of psychological crisis, and provided targeted assistance.
In front of the doctor, a 9-year-old boy repeatedly said: "Where did my classmate go? When will he come back? If I had held him back then, it would have been fine. I still have a lot to say to him." During the disaster, He watched helplessly as a good classmate next to him was washed away by the flood.Afterwards, he was in a state of intense guilt and couldn't stop thinking about his partner.
The doctors diagnosed that the boy had post-traumatic stress disorder, and decided to let a doctor play a classmate and talk to him, so that he could say goodbye to this sad history.
"You're gone, I have no one to play with."
"I can't play with you anymore, but I hope you play with other people, and with more people."
"I'm not in the mood to study anymore."
"That's no good, I can't study anymore, you have to study hard for me."
...
"Then I'm leaving, bye."
"goodbye."
At the end of the conversation, the boy took a long breath and stood up from the chair: "Auntie, I feel better."
Professor Ma Hong told such a story in his professional lecture on psychological crisis intervention.After a catastrophic accident happened, the husband's life and death were uncertain, and the wife shed tears.So the leaders of the unit, relatives and friends came to visit and condolences one after another.Naturally, everyone is well aware of the dangers of this husband, but almost all of them persuaded his wife with one voice: "Everything must be positive", "I believe your husband will be fine"...
Professor Ma said that this kind of kindness induction is likely to aggravate the harm to the person being intervened, because it will increase the contrast between the cruel facts and the good wishes.He believes that only good wishes are not enough for the spiritual comfort of those who have experienced disasters. The so-called "persuading people must be able to persuade people from their hearts."
Zhang Ben, director of Kailuan Mental Health Center, expressed his understanding of non-professionals engaging in psychological crisis intervention work. At the same time, he also pointed out that Tangshan, as a coal mining area, is relatively concentrated in high-risk underground operations. The probability of involuntarily engaging in psychological intervention behavior is relatively high. In the current situation where the professional team of crisis psychological intervention needs to be further expanded, it is particularly important to do a good job in the training of non-professionals.
Written by: Tang Runqing Jie Lida Editor: Zhang Xufeng Pictures: Tang Runqing, etc.
It is understood that the psychological intervention of Chinese psychologists began in the 1994 Karamay fire. On December 8, 1994, a fire broke out at the Friendship Hotel in Karamay, Xinjiang, killing 323 people.The Institute of Mental Health of Peking University was invited to send people to participate in the rescue team formed with experts from burns and other departments to intervene in the psychological crisis of the families of the casualties for a period of two months.
Since then, organized psychological intervention expert groups have also appeared at disaster sites such as the flood in the Yangtze River, the earthquake site in Zhangbei, the fire in Luoyang, Henan, the explosion in Shijiazhuang, and the 5.7 air crash in Dalian. In 1992, the Crisis Intervention Professional Committee of the China Mental Health Association was established.Beijing, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanjing and other cities successively set up post-disaster spiritual intervention centers supported by the government to provide services such as telephone consultation and outpatient treatment for the victims of the disaster.
In the "China Mental Health Work Plan (2002-2010)" formulated by the State Council, it is clearly stipulated: "After a major disaster occurs, the local area should carry out mental health interventions and carry out psychological emergency rescue work for the affected people, so that the victims of major disasters 50% of the population received psychological assistance services.”
Face up to the psychological impact of disasters on human beings
On July 21, the reporter interviewed Xiao Shuiyuan, chairman of the Crisis Intervention Professional Committee of the China Mental Health Association, who came to participate in the National Symposium on Psychological Crisis Intervention of Mass Disasters.
Reporter: For the public, post-disaster psychological intervention is a new term. Can you explain this concept from a professional perspective?
Xiao Shuiyuan: Post-disaster psychological treatment is generally aimed at the treatment of "post-traumatic stress disorder" or PTSD.It refers to a series of comprehensive obstacles that occur after a person encounters a major change and is strongly stimulated.
The prevention and treatment of PTSD is post-disaster psychological prevention and treatment, that is, to provide psychological and social services for the affected people, to help victims, families of victims and related personnel vent their grief, restore psychological balance, and start a new life. This is what psychologists are engaged in. The scientific name of this kind of work is "crisis intervention".
Reporter: Why is post-disaster psychological intervention necessary?What will happen if you don't intervene in time?
Xiao Shuiyuan: After being stimulated by a catastrophe, no matter how strong the psychological quality is, people will leave psychological wounds that are difficult to heal.The extent of this impact varies by the disaster itself and by the individual.If some individuals are not treated in time after the disaster, the resulting stress disorder will accompany them for life, causing personality changes, and even going to extremes such as suicide or crime.
Reporter: The great earthquake 30 years ago left deep wounds on the hearts of Tangshan people. Today, 30 years later, what is the status quo of the development of psychological intervention research and practice in my country?
Xiao Shuiyuan: Psychological crisis intervention is a comprehensive concept.Broadly speaking, any intervention will have an impact on the affected population.During the Tangshan earthquake, the arrival of the rescuers, the concern of the state leaders, and the support from all over the country all encouraged the victims in Tangshan spiritually, and all of these can play a role in intervention.
Over the past 30 years, my country's psychological intervention has made great progress.That spontaneous psychological intervention gradually developed into a professional, government-organized intervention.
Reporter: For post-disaster psychological intervention, what aspects of work do we need to do?
Xiao Shuiyuan: It requires the efforts of all sectors of society.After a disaster occurs, the government must provide accurate information to quell rumors and stabilize people's hearts.Disaster relief personnel from all walks of life should provide safety assurance and spiritual support to the victims, eliminate their sense of loneliness, and make them realize that they are not "fighting alone".Psychological assistance specialists should be on the scene of a disaster and provide fast and convenient services when people need them.They should also conduct psychological assessments of the victims, screen out those at high risk of PTSD, and give special attention to special groups.
The "September 1 Disaster Psychological Counseling and Counseling Information" extracted from Taiwan, what moved me was that the website had already displayed the following text on the homepage:
We would like to offer our most sincere concern and condolences to the casualties caused by the strong earthquake in Sichuan. We have experienced the 921 earthquake, and we feel the same way - we are willing to provide relevant information on the website for non-profit reference by mental health professionals in mainland China. To be used in disaster relief and post-disaster psychological rehabilitation work, please respect the copyright of this site and the author of the article and indicate the source when citing, there is no need to ask for our written or oral consent, please take care, we will be pious in Taiwan Pray for all the affected people in Sichuan!!
[Dr. Lin Bo/Originally published in Health World Electronic News]
Disaster psychological sequelae, don't need to donate money, you can help...
Psychological Counseling (Dialogue Demonstration)
Over the past few days, everyone has been paying attention to the most severely affected areas, but unexpectedly, psychological trauma has also begun to hit everyone in non-disaster areas along with TV, radio, newspapers, and the Internet.
## Disaster Psychological Sequelae
Four warning signs appear, seek medical attention immediately:
1. Decide whether to seek medical treatment on your own: Recently, I have panicked about earthquakes due to the continuous occurrence of aftershocks, but I can still live, eat and work normally.
Immediately seek medical attention: I am afraid that I will feel as if I am all day long, lose my judgment, will not run away from danger, and will not look at cars when crossing the road.
2. Decide whether to seek medical treatment by yourself: Recently, I have occasionally experienced nervous tension and insomnia, and my body is in a state of alert.
Seek medical attention immediately: I am so nervous that I can’t sleep every day, I can’t eat, and my physical strength has been declining.
Benefits of seeking medical advice: Seek help from a psychiatrist as soon as possible. He will give you some appropriate amount of drugs for a short period of time. However, due to the different constitution of each person, if you feel excessive drowsiness after taking the medicine, you can return to the doctor immediately. The doctor will make some adjustments and you will become The dose that works best for you to fall asleep without losing escape alertness.
Note: The risk of addiction is not high if sleeping pills are used for no more than two weeks and under the guidance of a careful doctor.
3. Decide on your own whether to seek medical treatment: Soon after the earthquake, I would occasionally think of those terrible pictures and feel sad, but when I didn’t see them, I felt better. I had a poor appetite but I still ate, and I couldn’t sleep for only one or two nights.
Immediately seek medical advice: People who have nightmares and painful recalls of those horrible scenes every day, lingering even without turning on the TV, unable to do anything, seriously affecting daily life.
Benefits of seeking medical treatment: If you need to seek help from a psychiatrist to vent your panic, the symptoms will naturally alleviate. Of course, this will take a little time, speak a little at a time, and proceed slowly.
4. Decide on your own whether to seek medical treatment: It is very sad to think of the people who died in the earthquake, but it does not hinder life and work.
Seek medical attention immediately: There are family members who died in the earthquake and have a strong sense of self-blame and guilt, and even have thoughts of suicide.
Suggestion: call your best friend and ask him to accompany you to the psychiatric emergency room, because at any time you may behave out of your control.please remember!Even if your family members were killed in the earthquake, they are in the spirit of heaven, and they don’t want you to do this. According to the mandatory hospitalization regulations in the Mental Health Law, the hospitals must immediately give priority to those who have strong suicidal thoughts. If you strongly insist on not going mental Doctor, you can at least go to see another doctor, or at least ask a best friend to accompany you through this dangerous time, and then be recommended by your friend to see a doctor who has a good reputation and is willing to spend time listening to patients.
Note: Every teaching hospital has a 24-hour psychiatrist on duty in the emergency room
Please remember that seeing a psychiatrist does not mean that you are neurotic. In addition to being familiar with pharmacology, psychiatrists are also experts in stress relief for normal people.Can help you get out of pain effectively, so don't worry.
If your friends or family members are afraid and do not meet the above conditions to seek medical treatment immediately, even if you are a non-professional, your care and acceptance are very effective for them, but you must have the following attitude:
1. Silent company (Pres**e)
It is the most important medicine for fearful people. Many people think that to help others, you need to say something to comfort him to make him feel better, but according to the psychological master, this is an extremely wrong approach, because at this time what you say, In fact, most of the words to reduce my inner anxiety are actually nonsense for fear.What is really effective is your presence and company. For them, your silent company has a great soothing effect.
2. A glass of warm water (Warm )
The master of psychotherapy once said that a glass of warm water is worth thousands of words when he narrates the pain of the case. Feeling the warmth of the hot water in his hands and seeing your caring actions are what they need most.
3. A facial tissue (Care)
For those who cry, the most wrong thing to do is to tell them not to be sad. This is just what you say for yourself when you are afraid of others crying. If you can suppress your inner fear and give him a tissue, he will feel accepted by you. Finally someone can make him cry, and the pain in his heart can be relieved.
4. Big ears and little mouth (Listening)
Open your ears, close your mouth, and listen to his stories!This is the practice of the Narrative School of Psychotherapy, which is currently popular in the world.
5. Stop and stop (Respect)
Don't force him to speak, let him stop there if he doesn't want to speak, a suffering person cannot bear others' pushing (pushing) him.
The following demonstration is for reference:
Frightened person: I'm scared, I don't want to go back, the house fell down, many people died...
Companion: (sitting next to him) It’s okay, it’s safe here, I’m here to accompany you...
Frightened person: It’s really scary. I drove past Xinzhuang yesterday, and I saw everything piled up in a pile. I don’t want to die like this. When I come back, it’s shaking everywhere. I don’t know where to escape…
Accompanying person: (quietly) It's okay, you speak slowly, I'm here to listen to you...
Frightened person: It's terrible. I haven't slept for three days. When I close my eyes, the house will collapse and crush me to death. I dare not sleep! !I'm scared... (crying)
Accompanying person: (quietly and slowly taking out a tissue and handing it to the frightened person...) Accompanying him without saying a word
Frightened person: I cried for ten minutes, and my emotions gradually eased...
Accompanying person: (quietly holding a glass of warm water) Do you want to drink some water
Frightened person: (Nods his head and takes the water, slowly starts to drink for about five minutes) It's really scary, I'm in pain...
Accompanying person: (accompanied and listened quietly for about 20 minutes)
Frightened person: (extremely tired)
Accompanying person: Xiaowen, I know a very good doctor, I will accompany you to see him, okay, just take a little medicine for a while, just don’t worry about it, so that you can sleep well, otherwise I will feel very sorry to see you working so hard sad……
Frightened: Nod...
Accompanying person: You take a rest first, I'll go hire a taxi...
The method mentioned above is actually very simple, but for those who are frightened, it is like receiving the oasis of angels in purgatory. They will always remember it in their hearts, which is something that money cannot do!
URL:
Disaster strikes, you are not alone, we are by your side!
——Teacher Hua, post-disaster psychological support volunteer team.
When sudden natural and man-made disasters occur, what should we do in the face of changes?
When we are worried about social news, where can the heartbroken people seek help?
Whether it's a professional looking to help a traumatized mind, or a grieving individual looking to help themselves.Here is the relevant information about psychological counseling, social work, and psychological reconstruction that we collected during the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan. Since it comes from different units at different times, the content of the articles may be similar, but they can still be provided to social psychological professionals and everyone. A person who wants to help others serves as a reference.
We hope that through the power of the Internet, these professional supports will accompany the traumatized people out of the dark period of life.
Who is Teacher Hua?What can Teacher Hua bring to you?
May 12, 2008 was a day of national grief. As of 7:00 on May 13, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan had killed 9,219 people.The death toll is still rising.. In the face of major disasters, what can we psychologists do?Yang Zhiping from Anren Evaluation once initiated the SARS psychological early warning and intervention project and gained some valuable experience.Therefore, he united a group of professionals with a background in psychology to create the Teacher Hua Project, which was established on May 12, 2008.The name of Teacher Hua comes from the meaning of Huaxia Psychological Teacher and Teacher Huasheng.Mr. Hua is a virtual person. He is committed to combining the Internet with psychology, providing psychological support services for post-disaster people through MSN robots (robot number: [email protected]), and introducing some psychological knowledge at the same time.Teacher Hua will help people better face disasters.This is the goal pursued by all the volunteers of Teacher Hua.
The main content of Mr. Hua's website
? Post-disaster psychological handbook
A Handbook of Crisis Commissioning for Adults, Children, and Psychological Intervention Practitioners.
? Post-disaster psychological assessment
Through some scientific and concise psychological and medical diagnosis, understand your current state, prescribe the right medicine, and solve the problem.
? Online counseling
Through MSN Virtual Teacher Hua, you can chat with enthusiastic psychology professional volunteers and pour out your pain.
? Join the Volunteer Team
Do you want to lend a helping hand to people in disaster?Fill out the form now to join Teacher Hua's volunteer team.
Source: Red Net
Ding Liuquan hadn't eaten anything all day and all night. This 12-year-old child lost four relatives on the night of typhoon "Sangmei" hit on the 10th.After the disaster, many hearts were wrapped in pain like Xiao Liuquan. A psychological intervention team composed of psychological crisis intervention experts rushed to Cangnan County, Wenzhou on the morning of the 12th to carry out emergency psychological services for the local people who were hit by the typhoon "Sangmei". crisis intervention.This is also the first time that the Zhejiang provincial government has organized experts to carry out psychological crisis intervention for typhoon victims. ("Strait Metropolis Daily" August 13)
Typhoon "Sangmei" is gone, but those who lost their loved ones in the disaster cannot erase the trauma of their hearts, and need psychological comfort even more.Against this background, the Zhejiang Provincial Government organized experts to carry out psychological intervention on the affected people for the first time, which is of extraordinary significance.
After the disaster, most people attach great importance to rebuilding their homes. In other words, the government puts most of its time, energy and financial resources on "material disaster relief", while "psychological disaster relief" to the victims is often ignored.In fact, in a sense, psychological intervention is also another kind of post-disaster reconstruction. If this point is not taken seriously, some disaster-affected groups will not be able to get rid of "post-traumatic disorder", and then various extreme behaviors will appear.
At this point in writing, the author thinks of an example where there was no post-disaster psychological intervention.After the blowout accident in Kaixian County, Chongqing, when a huge compensation of 50 million yuan suddenly came to the impoverished mountain village with a per capita annual income of only 1,600 yuan, because there was no timely intervention of psychological intervention, an unprecedented moral crisis occurred: many villagers joined the gambling At the back of the queue, there are photos of relatives who died in the disaster; in order to fight for the support of orphans whose parents died in the disaster and received compensation, relatives fought violently; in order to obtain compensation, the mother poisoned the paralyzed child who survived the disaster with her own hands. ; 7 members of his family died, and the old man who became a millionaire overnight became the object of single women's competition for marriage. (Daily News, July 28, 2004)
Looking at foreign countries, most developed countries have established a complete post-disaster psychological intervention system.For example, after the "9.11" incident, the U.S. federal and local governments spent a large sum of money on correcting the panic, anxiety and illusions caused by the disaster to the living. At the same time, the New York City Department of Education sent senior school psychologists to Home, talk with students and parents school by school, patiently provide psychological counseling, and resolve people's fear and anxiety.
On the other hand, domestically, our country lacks legislation and operating mechanisms for psychological intervention, and lacks the content of psychological assistance. At the same time, there is a shortage of personnel for psychological intervention.It is not enough to rely on only a few experts. The most urgent task is to carry out legislation on psychological intervention to legally determine the necessity of psychological intervention.Furthermore, psychological rescue is not only the treatment of experts, it should have a broader concept, and it is an activity of the whole society.For example, the help and comfort from relatives, friends and neighbors are more daily and more long-term.Harmonious interpersonal relationships and a social atmosphere of mutual help and love are nothing less than a good recipe for psychological rescue for us Chinese.
Although the dozens of experts who implemented the "psychological intervention" this time are obviously a drop in the bucket for the people in the disaster-stricken areas with a huge area, and the supply is seriously in short supply, but the author believes that this is the beginning of a good psychological intervention.Because this not only reflects the government's humanistic care for the affected people, but also plays an enlightening role in the construction of domestic psychological intervention mechanisms. [Wu Rui Thrush]
Editor's Note
Those who died in the disaster were unfortunate, and they left greater misfortune to the living.What a disaster leaves on the hearts of the living may be scars that cannot be healed in a lifetime.In post-disaster recovery and construction, spiritual reconstruction is equally important.
After the Tangshan earthquake, the concept of "spiritual ruins" was first proposed.In recent years, post-disaster psychological intervention, as a new business, has gradually entered the scene of various disasters and built spiritual homes for the injured souls.
July 20, Tangshan Veteran Cadre Activity Center.
An academic seminar quietly kicked off here.The theme of the meeting is still an unfamiliar word to most people: psychological crisis intervention in mass disasters across the country.At this time, there are only 8 days before July 28.
"The Tangshan Earthquake is a major natural disaster in the history of mankind. The research on the mental health of the people after the earthquake is of great significance to the research on the psychological crisis intervention of mass disasters in my country. On the occasion of commemorating the 30th anniversary of Tangshan's earthquake resistance, it is of great significance to hold such a seminar here. Extraordinary!" said Yang Desen, a member of the World Health Organization expert group and honorary director of the Institute of Mental Health, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University.
In the eyes of many participants, this is a special earthquake commemorative event.
■"Every time around July 28, this old couple will have a serious illness"
Xu Guangming, a former doctor at the Kailuan Mental Health Center who came to the meeting and a PhD student, told reporters about a case:
In August 1976, after the Tangshan earthquake.It was raining heavily and the land was barren.
In the dark night, a couple was digging crazily on the ruins with a shovel in their hands, repeating the names of their children repeatedly, as if they had seen them, and completely ignored the obstruction of others.At this time, their two sons and a daughter had already died in the earthquake.
This situation continued for a whole week.A few years later, the couple had a child of their own again.However, around July 28 every year, the couple is in a state of disarray, pained like a thousand arrows piercing their hearts.During those few days, they did not read TV, newspapers, or listen to the radio, and did not want to touch any information related to the 7.28 earthquake.In their words: "Every time around July 28, we will have a serious illness!"
"This is a typical case we found in our research on the long-term consequences of earthquake disaster mental health. Their denial, avoidance of facts, auditory hallucinations, hallucinations and other symptoms are called stress disorders in psychiatry. A kind of mental trauma left behind." Xu Guangming said.
According to a census conducted by Tangshan Mental Hospital in August 1978, within two years, the hospital confirmed 108 cases of reactive psychosis caused by the extreme pain, sorrow or fear caused by the earthquake, accounting for 2.4% of all mental illnesses. These patients showed the pathogenic characteristics of sudden earthquake disaster. The disease was mostly reactive depression, accounting for about 40%; the second was hazy reaction, accounting for about 25%; and accompanied by huge mental trauma leading to suicidal behavior.
One day in 1997, Yu Zhenjian, director of the psychiatric ward of Kailuan Mental Health Center, received a special patient.When the 40-year-old middle-aged woman surnamed Wu walked into the consulting room, she looked nervous. After entering, she turned the doorknob first, then looked around the room, and then sat down with confidence.
Ms. Wu is a miner.One day a year ago, she went to the south on a business trip.At night, the hotel room suddenly lost power, and it was completely dark.This sudden change seemed to activate all the fear cells in Ms. Wu's body. She jumped up from the bed like crazy, looked for the door everywhere, and finally ran away.
In the following year, every time Ms. Wu went to a closed environment, she was terrified, afraid that she would not be able to get out. Whenever she went to someone else's house, she had to check where the door was and twist the handle to see if it could be opened.The windows of the small trains in the mine are all equipped with iron railings. As soon as the train started, she immediately felt flustered, suffocated, and even went crazy.Therefore, she refused to take cars and trains, and avoided entering any closed spaces, which seriously affected her normal work and life.
The attending physician Yu Zhenjian noticed a fact when he was understanding the condition: Ms. Wu was buried in the ruins during the earthquake. At that time, she felt pitch black, as if isolated from the world.She was rescued later, and someone in her family died unfortunately.
"This is place terror accompanied by panic attack, which belongs to neurosis. The underlying factor behind this fear is the earthquake 20 years ago. Because she suppressed the fear and sadness at that time and did not fully release it, and 20 years later, when she encountered In a similar situation, the psychological damage caused by the earthquake finally broke out." Yu Zhenjian said.
The psychological damage caused by earthquakes is often long-term. On the 20th anniversary of the earthquake in 1996, Tangshan Kailuan Mental Health Center conducted a survey. The results showed that among the 1,813 people surveyed, 402 suffered from delayed stress disorder, accounting for 22.1%. "The vibration of the earthquake was only a dozen seconds, but the damage caused by the earthquake did not stop because of the cessation of the earthquake."
■"At that time, it would be great if someone listened to her heart!"
In the heart of Wang Ziping, a professor at Hebei University of Technology, there is always a regret.
On the third day after the earthquake, the surviving Wang Ziping witnessed the misfortune of his neighbor: a young girl in the opposite house committed suicide.On the afternoon of the day of the earthquake, Wang Ziping met this girl by the side of the ditch.At that time, she was working with everyone to rescue the residents buried in the ruins, covered in blood, exhausted and emaciated.Unexpectedly, news of the girl's death came three days later.There was never an explanation for her suicide.
Many years later, Professor Wang Ziping, who has been engaged in earthquake sociology research, understood the reason: the reason for this young woman's suicide was not just personal, but a concrete manifestation of the collapse and shattering of the human spiritual world after the earthquake.
"A severe earthquake does harm to people three-dimensionally. While it hurts people's physiology, it also damages the spiritual world, and this damage will continue to form after the earthquake. Serious damage to people's spirit will Disintegrate the spiritual world, thus creating a spiritual ruin." Wang Ziping said.
However, in Tangshan at that time, when people were busy rebuilding their homes, how to rebuild their souls on the "spiritual ruins" did not receive sufficient attention. "It would be great if someone listened to her heart at that time! Maybe the tragedy could be avoided!" Wang Ziping said with emotion.He always felt that this was the girl's pity, and it was also the pity of all those who cared about her.
At around 10 a.m. on the second day after the earthquake, Zhang Baowei, who was working in the prefectural committee at that time, had been buried in the rubble for more than 30 hours.
"At first I heard my wife crying and calling me, but then there was no sound at all. It was dark all around, and I felt like I was going to die soon." Zhang Baowei recalled that when the earthquake happened, because he reacted quickly, he pulled his wife Yigulu rolled under the bed and escaped the collapsed beams. Both husband and wife were not injured.But when rescue forces rescued the two of them, the wife was already dead.
"Actually, it didn't hit us at all. She didn't have any injuries when she died, she just died of shock." Zhang Baowei said that his wife was usually timid, and at that time he was also stunned by the sudden disaster. .
Zhang Baowei was rescued by the first batch of troops to arrive, and he still clearly remembers the scene at that time: "I heard a few people shouting from above, Comrade, hold on! After a long time, the light came through, Several people hurriedly dragged me out."
In the following years, Zhang Baowei often told people about this experience.He said that while waiting for rescue in the ruins, he exhausted all his physical strength and courage. Fear and despair made him almost unable to persevere. "Until I saw the comrades of the People's Liberation Army, I suddenly felt more at ease."
Zhang Baowei's feelings are shared by many people in Tangshan during the disaster.According to a survey conducted by the Earthquake Sociology Research Group of Hebei University of Technology, in the early stages of the earthquake, the most urgent and common desire of the people in the disaster-stricken area was to communicate with the outside world as soon as possible, so as to eliminate the inner "sense of loneliness", "sense of loss", " Abandonment” and other negative emotions.As for the "event that calmed people down after the earthquake", 52.9% of the respondents answered "the People's Liberation Army went to the front line of disaster relief", and 29.1% answered "heard the condolence message from the Party Central Committee".
Many people in Tangshan have such memories. People who suffered from their own injuries or the destruction of their homes did not shed a single tear in extreme pain. , but they couldn't help but burst into tears...
■"Psychological intervention workers should appear at the first scene of a disaster"
"Psychological intervention workers should appear at the first scene of a disaster"——On the afternoon of July 20, Ma Hong, director of the Public Health Division of the Institute of Mental Health of Peking University and executive deputy director of mental health of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, gave a speech entitled "Group The road to psychological crisis intervention in sexual catastrophe incidents” was clearly put forward in the report.Having participated in the on-site psychological rescue work of previous domestic disasters many times, Ma Hong was deeply touched.
In her presentation, the slideshow showed a familiar scene: On the afternoon of June 10, 2005, Shalan, Mudanjiang was hit by a flash flood, killing 117 people.Among them, 105 primary school students died and 57 were injured.
At that time, the psychological assistance team led by Ma Hong rushed to Shalan immediately.Focusing on primary school students, they launched a psychological assessment of the post-disaster population, screened those at high risk of psychological crisis, and provided targeted assistance.
In front of the doctor, a 9-year-old boy repeatedly said: "Where did my classmate go? When will he come back? If I had held him back then, it would have been fine. I still have a lot to say to him." During the disaster, He watched helplessly as a good classmate next to him was washed away by the flood.Afterwards, he was in a state of intense guilt and couldn't stop thinking about his partner.
The doctors diagnosed that the boy had post-traumatic stress disorder, and decided to let a doctor play a classmate and talk to him, so that he could say goodbye to this sad history.
"You're gone, I have no one to play with."
"I can't play with you anymore, but I hope you play with other people, and with more people."
"I'm not in the mood to study anymore."
"That's no good, I can't study anymore, you have to study hard for me."
...
"Then I'm leaving, bye."
"goodbye."
At the end of the conversation, the boy took a long breath and stood up from the chair: "Auntie, I feel better."
Professor Ma Hong told such a story in his professional lecture on psychological crisis intervention.After a catastrophic accident happened, the husband's life and death were uncertain, and the wife shed tears.So the leaders of the unit, relatives and friends came to visit and condolences one after another.Naturally, everyone is well aware of the dangers of this husband, but almost all of them persuaded his wife with one voice: "Everything must be positive", "I believe your husband will be fine"...
Professor Ma said that this kind of kindness induction is likely to aggravate the harm to the person being intervened, because it will increase the contrast between the cruel facts and the good wishes.He believes that only good wishes are not enough for the spiritual comfort of those who have experienced disasters. The so-called "persuading people must be able to persuade people from their hearts."
Zhang Ben, director of Kailuan Mental Health Center, expressed his understanding of non-professionals engaging in psychological crisis intervention work. At the same time, he also pointed out that Tangshan, as a coal mining area, is relatively concentrated in high-risk underground operations. The probability of involuntarily engaging in psychological intervention behavior is relatively high. In the current situation where the professional team of crisis psychological intervention needs to be further expanded, it is particularly important to do a good job in the training of non-professionals.
Written by: Tang Runqing Jie Lida Editor: Zhang Xufeng Pictures: Tang Runqing, etc.
It is understood that the psychological intervention of Chinese psychologists began in the 1994 Karamay fire. On December 8, 1994, a fire broke out at the Friendship Hotel in Karamay, Xinjiang, killing 323 people.The Institute of Mental Health of Peking University was invited to send people to participate in the rescue team formed with experts from burns and other departments to intervene in the psychological crisis of the families of the casualties for a period of two months.
Since then, organized psychological intervention expert groups have also appeared at disaster sites such as the flood in the Yangtze River, the earthquake site in Zhangbei, the fire in Luoyang, Henan, the explosion in Shijiazhuang, and the 5.7 air crash in Dalian. In 1992, the Crisis Intervention Professional Committee of the China Mental Health Association was established.Beijing, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanjing and other cities successively set up post-disaster spiritual intervention centers supported by the government to provide services such as telephone consultation and outpatient treatment for the victims of the disaster.
In the "China Mental Health Work Plan (2002-2010)" formulated by the State Council, it is clearly stipulated: "After a major disaster occurs, the local area should carry out mental health interventions and carry out psychological emergency rescue work for the affected people, so that the victims of major disasters 50% of the population received psychological assistance services.”
Face up to the psychological impact of disasters on human beings
On July 21, the reporter interviewed Xiao Shuiyuan, chairman of the Crisis Intervention Professional Committee of the China Mental Health Association, who came to participate in the National Symposium on Psychological Crisis Intervention of Mass Disasters.
Reporter: For the public, post-disaster psychological intervention is a new term. Can you explain this concept from a professional perspective?
Xiao Shuiyuan: Post-disaster psychological treatment is generally aimed at the treatment of "post-traumatic stress disorder" or PTSD.It refers to a series of comprehensive obstacles that occur after a person encounters a major change and is strongly stimulated.
The prevention and treatment of PTSD is post-disaster psychological prevention and treatment, that is, to provide psychological and social services for the affected people, to help victims, families of victims and related personnel vent their grief, restore psychological balance, and start a new life. This is what psychologists are engaged in. The scientific name of this kind of work is "crisis intervention".
Reporter: Why is post-disaster psychological intervention necessary?What will happen if you don't intervene in time?
Xiao Shuiyuan: After being stimulated by a catastrophe, no matter how strong the psychological quality is, people will leave psychological wounds that are difficult to heal.The extent of this impact varies by the disaster itself and by the individual.If some individuals are not treated in time after the disaster, the resulting stress disorder will accompany them for life, causing personality changes, and even going to extremes such as suicide or crime.
Reporter: The great earthquake 30 years ago left deep wounds on the hearts of Tangshan people. Today, 30 years later, what is the status quo of the development of psychological intervention research and practice in my country?
Xiao Shuiyuan: Psychological crisis intervention is a comprehensive concept.Broadly speaking, any intervention will have an impact on the affected population.During the Tangshan earthquake, the arrival of the rescuers, the concern of the state leaders, and the support from all over the country all encouraged the victims in Tangshan spiritually, and all of these can play a role in intervention.
Over the past 30 years, my country's psychological intervention has made great progress.That spontaneous psychological intervention gradually developed into a professional, government-organized intervention.
Reporter: For post-disaster psychological intervention, what aspects of work do we need to do?
Xiao Shuiyuan: It requires the efforts of all sectors of society.After a disaster occurs, the government must provide accurate information to quell rumors and stabilize people's hearts.Disaster relief personnel from all walks of life should provide safety assurance and spiritual support to the victims, eliminate their sense of loneliness, and make them realize that they are not "fighting alone".Psychological assistance specialists should be on the scene of a disaster and provide fast and convenient services when people need them.They should also conduct psychological assessments of the victims, screen out those at high risk of PTSD, and give special attention to special groups.
The "September 1 Disaster Psychological Counseling and Counseling Information" extracted from Taiwan, what moved me was that the website had already displayed the following text on the homepage:
We would like to offer our most sincere concern and condolences to the casualties caused by the strong earthquake in Sichuan. We have experienced the 921 earthquake, and we feel the same way - we are willing to provide relevant information on the website for non-profit reference by mental health professionals in mainland China. To be used in disaster relief and post-disaster psychological rehabilitation work, please respect the copyright of this site and the author of the article and indicate the source when citing, there is no need to ask for our written or oral consent, please take care, we will be pious in Taiwan Pray for all the affected people in Sichuan!!
[Dr. Lin Bo/Originally published in Health World Electronic News]
Disaster psychological sequelae, don't need to donate money, you can help...
Psychological Counseling (Dialogue Demonstration)
Over the past few days, everyone has been paying attention to the most severely affected areas, but unexpectedly, psychological trauma has also begun to hit everyone in non-disaster areas along with TV, radio, newspapers, and the Internet.
## Disaster Psychological Sequelae
Four warning signs appear, seek medical attention immediately:
1. Decide whether to seek medical treatment on your own: Recently, I have panicked about earthquakes due to the continuous occurrence of aftershocks, but I can still live, eat and work normally.
Immediately seek medical attention: I am afraid that I will feel as if I am all day long, lose my judgment, will not run away from danger, and will not look at cars when crossing the road.
2. Decide whether to seek medical treatment by yourself: Recently, I have occasionally experienced nervous tension and insomnia, and my body is in a state of alert.
Seek medical attention immediately: I am so nervous that I can’t sleep every day, I can’t eat, and my physical strength has been declining.
Benefits of seeking medical advice: Seek help from a psychiatrist as soon as possible. He will give you some appropriate amount of drugs for a short period of time. However, due to the different constitution of each person, if you feel excessive drowsiness after taking the medicine, you can return to the doctor immediately. The doctor will make some adjustments and you will become The dose that works best for you to fall asleep without losing escape alertness.
Note: The risk of addiction is not high if sleeping pills are used for no more than two weeks and under the guidance of a careful doctor.
3. Decide on your own whether to seek medical treatment: Soon after the earthquake, I would occasionally think of those terrible pictures and feel sad, but when I didn’t see them, I felt better. I had a poor appetite but I still ate, and I couldn’t sleep for only one or two nights.
Immediately seek medical advice: People who have nightmares and painful recalls of those horrible scenes every day, lingering even without turning on the TV, unable to do anything, seriously affecting daily life.
Benefits of seeking medical treatment: If you need to seek help from a psychiatrist to vent your panic, the symptoms will naturally alleviate. Of course, this will take a little time, speak a little at a time, and proceed slowly.
4. Decide on your own whether to seek medical treatment: It is very sad to think of the people who died in the earthquake, but it does not hinder life and work.
Seek medical attention immediately: There are family members who died in the earthquake and have a strong sense of self-blame and guilt, and even have thoughts of suicide.
Suggestion: call your best friend and ask him to accompany you to the psychiatric emergency room, because at any time you may behave out of your control.please remember!Even if your family members were killed in the earthquake, they are in the spirit of heaven, and they don’t want you to do this. According to the mandatory hospitalization regulations in the Mental Health Law, the hospitals must immediately give priority to those who have strong suicidal thoughts. If you strongly insist on not going mental Doctor, you can at least go to see another doctor, or at least ask a best friend to accompany you through this dangerous time, and then be recommended by your friend to see a doctor who has a good reputation and is willing to spend time listening to patients.
Note: Every teaching hospital has a 24-hour psychiatrist on duty in the emergency room
Please remember that seeing a psychiatrist does not mean that you are neurotic. In addition to being familiar with pharmacology, psychiatrists are also experts in stress relief for normal people.Can help you get out of pain effectively, so don't worry.
If your friends or family members are afraid and do not meet the above conditions to seek medical treatment immediately, even if you are a non-professional, your care and acceptance are very effective for them, but you must have the following attitude:
1. Silent company (Pres**e)
It is the most important medicine for fearful people. Many people think that to help others, you need to say something to comfort him to make him feel better, but according to the psychological master, this is an extremely wrong approach, because at this time what you say, In fact, most of the words to reduce my inner anxiety are actually nonsense for fear.What is really effective is your presence and company. For them, your silent company has a great soothing effect.
2. A glass of warm water (Warm )
The master of psychotherapy once said that a glass of warm water is worth thousands of words when he narrates the pain of the case. Feeling the warmth of the hot water in his hands and seeing your caring actions are what they need most.
3. A facial tissue (Care)
For those who cry, the most wrong thing to do is to tell them not to be sad. This is just what you say for yourself when you are afraid of others crying. If you can suppress your inner fear and give him a tissue, he will feel accepted by you. Finally someone can make him cry, and the pain in his heart can be relieved.
4. Big ears and little mouth (Listening)
Open your ears, close your mouth, and listen to his stories!This is the practice of the Narrative School of Psychotherapy, which is currently popular in the world.
5. Stop and stop (Respect)
Don't force him to speak, let him stop there if he doesn't want to speak, a suffering person cannot bear others' pushing (pushing) him.
The following demonstration is for reference:
Frightened person: I'm scared, I don't want to go back, the house fell down, many people died...
Companion: (sitting next to him) It’s okay, it’s safe here, I’m here to accompany you...
Frightened person: It’s really scary. I drove past Xinzhuang yesterday, and I saw everything piled up in a pile. I don’t want to die like this. When I come back, it’s shaking everywhere. I don’t know where to escape…
Accompanying person: (quietly) It's okay, you speak slowly, I'm here to listen to you...
Frightened person: It's terrible. I haven't slept for three days. When I close my eyes, the house will collapse and crush me to death. I dare not sleep! !I'm scared... (crying)
Accompanying person: (quietly and slowly taking out a tissue and handing it to the frightened person...) Accompanying him without saying a word
Frightened person: I cried for ten minutes, and my emotions gradually eased...
Accompanying person: (quietly holding a glass of warm water) Do you want to drink some water
Frightened person: (Nods his head and takes the water, slowly starts to drink for about five minutes) It's really scary, I'm in pain...
Accompanying person: (accompanied and listened quietly for about 20 minutes)
Frightened person: (extremely tired)
Accompanying person: Xiaowen, I know a very good doctor, I will accompany you to see him, okay, just take a little medicine for a while, just don’t worry about it, so that you can sleep well, otherwise I will feel very sorry to see you working so hard sad……
Frightened: Nod...
Accompanying person: You take a rest first, I'll go hire a taxi...
The method mentioned above is actually very simple, but for those who are frightened, it is like receiving the oasis of angels in purgatory. They will always remember it in their hearts, which is something that money cannot do!
URL:
Disaster strikes, you are not alone, we are by your side!
——Teacher Hua, post-disaster psychological support volunteer team.
When sudden natural and man-made disasters occur, what should we do in the face of changes?
When we are worried about social news, where can the heartbroken people seek help?
Whether it's a professional looking to help a traumatized mind, or a grieving individual looking to help themselves.Here is the relevant information about psychological counseling, social work, and psychological reconstruction that we collected during the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan. Since it comes from different units at different times, the content of the articles may be similar, but they can still be provided to social psychological professionals and everyone. A person who wants to help others serves as a reference.
We hope that through the power of the Internet, these professional supports will accompany the traumatized people out of the dark period of life.
Who is Teacher Hua?What can Teacher Hua bring to you?
May 12, 2008 was a day of national grief. As of 7:00 on May 13, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan had killed 9,219 people.The death toll is still rising.. In the face of major disasters, what can we psychologists do?Yang Zhiping from Anren Evaluation once initiated the SARS psychological early warning and intervention project and gained some valuable experience.Therefore, he united a group of professionals with a background in psychology to create the Teacher Hua Project, which was established on May 12, 2008.The name of Teacher Hua comes from the meaning of Huaxia Psychological Teacher and Teacher Huasheng.Mr. Hua is a virtual person. He is committed to combining the Internet with psychology, providing psychological support services for post-disaster people through MSN robots (robot number: [email protected]), and introducing some psychological knowledge at the same time.Teacher Hua will help people better face disasters.This is the goal pursued by all the volunteers of Teacher Hua.
The main content of Mr. Hua's website
? Post-disaster psychological handbook
A Handbook of Crisis Commissioning for Adults, Children, and Psychological Intervention Practitioners.
? Post-disaster psychological assessment
Through some scientific and concise psychological and medical diagnosis, understand your current state, prescribe the right medicine, and solve the problem.
? Online counseling
Through MSN Virtual Teacher Hua, you can chat with enthusiastic psychology professional volunteers and pour out your pain.
? Join the Volunteer Team
Do you want to lend a helping hand to people in disaster?Fill out the form now to join Teacher Hua's volunteer team.