Chapter 59 god is nature

Pantheism is also a theistic world view, represented by Spinoza and others.These thinkers argued that nature is the embodiment of God, and that everything has a divinity.God is the universe, and the universe is God.In other words, the Creator is the creature, and the creature is also the Creator. Therefore, God is not a supernatural force outside the universe.Everything in the universe is the likeness or composition of God.In short, all is God, and God is all. In terms of the historical origin of pantheism, pantheism is the term first used by the Irish philosopher John Toland (John Toland, 1670-1722) in one of his books.That book was called Pantheism.

Toland grew up in a Catholic atmosphere. When he recalled his own growth experience, he said: "I received a strong superstitious education in the cradle." Therefore, Toland left Rome when he was only 15 years old. catholic.He later attended university in Scotland and the Netherlands.After that, he settled in Oxford and wrote the book "Christianity is Not Mysterious".Because of the atheistic tendencies of the book, he was criticized and besieged, and became "notorious". In 1702 he traveled to Berlin, where he discussed theology with the Queen of Prussia.Later, he collected the letters to the queen and published a book called "Letters to Selina".The book shows pantheistic leanings. In 1705 he used the term "pantheist".Toland preached his pantheism with gusto.However, it was not until 1720 that "Pantheism" was officially published.

Pantheism later had a huge influence in Europe.Pantheism was arguably a revolutionary system of thought during the Enlightenment.Today, Spinoza is a master of pantheism.The French Enlightenment thinkers were deeply influenced by it.Even Hegel can be included in the broad category of pantheism. Generally speaking, there are two types of pantheism.One is pantheism with a naturalistic tendency, which dissolves God in nature.The other is pantheism with a tendency of religious mysticism, which dissolves nature into God.