Chapter 79 "Three Words" Commands the World——Feng Menglong

These forty kinds are engraved following "Ming Yan" (referring to, the original name "Ancient and Modern Novels") and "Tong Yan" (referring to). Those who are "bright", whichever can lead to stupidity. Those who are "common" can be adapted to the vulgar. "Constant" is to learn it without getting tired, and to pass it on for a long time.Three engraved special names, its meaning is one ear. ——Preface to "Awakening the World and Constant Words" The wide spread and great influence of the "three words" can be called the source of many literary works, movies, TV, and operas in our country. "From "Tang Jieyuan Yixiao Marriage" and so on.In particular, many traditional programs of Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera are adapted from "Three Words", such as "Fifteen Guans" from "Fifteen Guans Jokes Become a Misfortune", such as "Du Shiniang" from "Du Shiniang's Furious Sinking" "Treasure Box", "Yutangchun" is derived from "Jade Tangchun Falls, It's Hard to Meet a Husband", "Bet the Boss with a Stick" is derived from "Golden Jade Slave Beats the Boss with a Stick" and so on. In the 1950s, Shanghai Film Studio put "The Old Man in Guanyuan Meets the Fairy" on the screen.

"Three Words" namely,,,, edited and selected by Feng Menglong. "Sanyan" represents the achievement of imitation scripts in the Ming Dynasty, and is a treasure house of ancient Chinese vernacular short stories.These three collections of novels were successively compiled and published in the Tianqi period of the Ming Dynasty. "Three Words" has 40 chapters each, totaling 120 chapters, about one-third of which are the Song and Yuan scripts, and two-thirds are the imitated scripts of the Ming Dynasty, including Feng Menglong's own works. Feng Menglong (1574-1646), with the word Youlong, and the word Eryou and Ziyou, had nicknames such as Su Ci Nu, Gu Qu San Ren, Master Mo Zhai, Mao Yuan Ye Shi Min, etc.Ming Changzhou people.Talent ups and downs, read a lot of books, especially classics and history.He lived in the late Ming Dynasty and was greatly influenced by the ideology of the bourgeoisie. He was good at poetry and prose, and was brilliant.However, he failed in the imperial examination, and he became a Gongsheng student in his later years. He served as the instructor of Danyang County and the magistrate of Shouning County, Fujian Province.During his tenure, he was a clean and honest official and diligent in governing.Qing soldiers entered the customs and participated in anti-Qing activities, and then died of grief and anger.

Feng Menglong devoted his whole life to the adaptation, arrangement and creation of popular literature and art.He is a famous popular novelist after Luo Guanzhong and Xiong Damu in Ming Dynasty.He once encouraged bookstores to buy engravings at a high price, supplemented and adapted the novels "Ping Yao Zhuan" and "Xin Lie Guo Zhi", and also created operas "Two Heroes" and "All Things Are Full", and adapted various scripts by others. And it is called "The Legend of Mohanzhai Final Version".In addition, he also edited and published the collections of folk songs "Tong Chi Yi Nong" ("Guang Zhier") and "Tong Chi Er Nong" ("Folk Song"), compiled "Taiping Guang Ji Chao", "Gu Jin Tan Gai", "Think Tank", "Love History" and so on.Feng Menglong's greatest contribution in the history of literature is the editing of "Three Words".

Many works of "San Yan" have adopted a bold attitude of exposing and criticizing the darkness of the feudal social and political system. ("Ancient and Modern Novels") Volume 40 "Shen Xiaoxia Meets and Becomes a Teacher" is a representative work.This novel, based on real events that happened during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, tells a moving story of the struggle between Shen Lian's family and Yan Song's father and son. "History of Ming Dynasty Shen Lian Biography" and "Shen Xiaoxia Concubine" written by Jiang Yingke have recorded this historical event and person.Through this historical story, this novel extols the lofty character of loyal ministers and sages, and criticizes the despicable behavior of powerful and treacherous ministers, thus reflecting the social reality of the Ming Dynasty.Shen Lian took Zhuge Liang as a model, she was high-spirited and upright, and dared to fight Yan Song and his son to the end, which is a typical example of a loyal minister; This case has nothing to do with it, but he distinguishes right from wrong, stabs at both sides for his friends, is upright and awe-inspiring, and is an admirable righteous man.It is through these characters that the work extols justice.The praise of those with low social status in the works is particularly valuable.At the same time, from Yan Shifan to Yang Shun, Lu Kai, Zhang Qian, and Li Wan, they constitute a series of images of authoritarian, arrogant and stalking people, and the work lashes out evil through this series of characters.The plot of this novel is twists and turns, the clues are clear, and the layers are distinct, which fully embodies the characteristics of a story-telling novel.

The works describing love in "Three Words" have also made new achievements. "The Oil Seller Monopolizes the Oiran" () and "Du Shiniang Sinks the Treasure Box in Anger" () are the two most representative works.The heroines in the two stories are all famous prostitutes, but after experiencing the pursuit of pleasure by the prince and grandson, they both sincerely pursue true love and sacrifice everything for it.However, due to the different concepts and personalities of the two male protagonists in the two stories, Qin Chong and Li Jia, the endings of the stories are also different: one is a comedy and the other is a tragedy.Qin Chong is an oil seller with a low status, but he is honest and kind, and has a deep affection for Meiniang, so he wins the respect and trust of the oiran lady and forms a happy marriage.For this, the work is to be praised.Li Jia is a son of a rich family. Although he once had a sincere love for Du Shiniang, he succumbed to society and family ethics, coupled with Sun Fu's destruction, and finally betrayed his love, causing Du Shiniang to throw himself into the river. tragedy.The work expresses great sympathy and praise to Du Shiniang, and ruthlessly exposes Li Jia and Sun Fu.The endings of these two works are different, but the concept of love expressed in them should be fully affirmed.

"Three Words" also describes the stories of merchants, expresses the life and ideas of this social class, and also reflects the development of handicrafts and commerce in cities in the Ming Dynasty, such as "Shi Runze Beach Que Meets Friends" (), "Shen Xiaoguan A Bird Killing Seven Lives" (), "Hanwu Sells Sex in Xinqiao City" (), "Jiang Xingge Meets Pearl Shirt Again" () and other articles.Among them, Jiang Xingge's story quite profoundly shows the huge difference between the businessman's concept of love and the traditional concept of chastity.Brother Jiang Xing went out to do business. Although his newlywed wife Wang Sanqiao was looking forward to her husband's return day and night, she fell into a lonely situation and had a relationship with a merchant Chen.When Jiang Xingge found out, despite many twists and turns, he still lived with Wang Sanqiao in the end. The traditional concept of chastity is written here very indifferently.

"Sanyan", as a storybook and imitation storybook, obviously retains the characteristics of the storybook in art, such as plot twists and turns, strong storytelling; colloquial language, simple and natural; character creation is mainly completed in the development of the plot , and the good and evil are very clear, and the character traits are very prominent, but its length is longer, the theme is more concentrated, the description of human emotions and the state of the world is richer, and the inner description is more delicate.Feng Menglong edited "Three Words", with a clear purpose of warning and persuading the world.On the one hand, this fully shows that Feng Menglong has a deep understanding of the social role of popular novels. Of course, on the other hand, it should also be pointed out that, as a feudal literati, his role of "warning the world" is still based on feudal moral concepts.Therefore, many chapters of "Three Words" contain feudal secular preaching and vulgar tastes to varying degrees.However, in any case, as a treasure house of ancient Chinese vernacular short stories, the ideological significance and artistic value of "Sanyan" cannot be underestimated.