Chapter 64 Birth in troubled times is a good work——Yuan Haowen

Compared with Li and Du, the ancestors of Yishan poets, they have profound rhythm and bold and unrestrained spirit; Wenzong Han and Ou are upright and enlightened, without strange and obscure words; prepare.It is also possible to use commonplaces as elegance, change pretentiousness and make new ones, so as to obtain the magic that the predecessors did not pass on, regardless of Dongpo and Jiaxuan. ——Xu Shilong It is a good question for talented scholars. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it was still a large number of articles. The "Zhongzhou Collection" was written with the intention of preserving history with poetry, and it is not exhaustive to collect.As far as self-made, the image is profound and the style is elegant. It does not have the habits of those who traveled to the rivers and lakes of the Song Dynasty in the South, and it does not have the rough and rough style of the Jiangxi derivation. As far as the ancient prose, the rules are strict, and the styles are well prepared, and the inscriptions and inscriptions are all works. Especially lawful.

——("Siku Quanshu General Catalog · Yishan Collection") Yuan Haowen, courtesy name Yuzhi, nicknamed Yishan, is known as Mr. Yishan in the world.Born on the eighth day of July in the first year of Jinzhangzong Mingchang (AD 1190), he died on the fourth day of September in the seventh year of Yuan Xianzong Mengge (AD 1257).A native of Hanyan Village, Taiyuan Xiurong (now Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province).Yuan Haowen lived in the time when the Jin and Yuan were up and down. The Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongols. The Mongols were the subjects of the Jin.In such a chaotic and turbulent social environment, Yuan Haowen also experienced the pain of family destruction and exile.Yuan Haowen was the most accomplished writer and historian in my country's Jin Dynasty more than 700 years ago. He was the main representative of northern literature during the confrontation between Song and Jin, and also served as a bridge between the past and the future in literature between Jin and Yuan.

Yuan Haowen is a talented and versatile writer. He has attainments in poetry, ci, prose, music, novels and literary criticism, especially in poetry.There are 1361 poems in existence today, which are rich in content.Some poems vividly reflect the social turmoil and suffering of the people at that time.The poet is good at using typical scenes and concise language to outline the tragedy of the country's ruin and the catastrophe of the times. It is gloomy and desolate. Tracking Lao Du can be called a generation of epics.His scenery poems have fresh artistic conception, bright rhyme and rhyme, and are thought-provoking.Haowen's poems have various genres, and the seven-word poem is its strong point. The biography of "Golden History" says: "His poems are strange and unique, and they are clever and beautiful. The five-character is ancient and gloomy, and the seven-character Yuefu does not use ancient titles, which is very innovative, and the ballads are generous and secluded." Good. There are 377 poems of questions handed down today, with a wide range of subjects, including emotion, rise and fall, romance, nostalgia, farewell and gift-answers.The art of his Ci takes Su and Xin as models, learns from others' strong points, and has both bold and graceful styles. He should be the first person in the Ci circle in Jin Dynasty.Haowen Sanqu, using vulgarity as elegance, changing pretentiousness and making new ones, is groundbreaking, and there are 9 pieces in existence. "Continuing Yi Jianzhi" is a collection of notebook novels, and there are many excellent chapters.Haowen was a giant of literary criticism in the Jin Dynasty, and his "Thirty Quatrains on Poetry" written in the style of Du Fu's "Xiwei Liu Queju" had a great influence on the history of literary criticism.The collection of golden poems "Zhongzhou Ji" compiled by Haowen (attached with the collection of golden poems "Zhongzhou Yuefu") has preserved valuable cultural materials for the Jin Dynasty.Yuan Haowen also wrote "Yishan Ji" (40 volumes).

The highest achievement of Yuan Haowen in literature lies in his poems, which have various genres, including five-character ancient poems, seven-character ancient poems, five-character utterances, seven-character utterances, five-character rhythms, and seven-character rhythms.The style of his poems is simple and melancholy, because when he became an official, it was the time when the Central Plains was full of charcoal and iron horses fought wars. Therefore, his poems are mostly generous and sad, with a strong sense of the times. , occupies a prominent position in the history of Jin Dynasty literature with its unique style, and is known as a generation of masters.His poems describe and express the poet's concern for the country and the pain brought by the war to the people.Among them, "disorder" is an important theme of Yuan Haowen's poems, leaving many famous works.Yuan Haowen's poetry creation is in line with his poetry theory, "the style is thin and elegant, the standard is Li and Du, and it is pure and righteous, which directly matches Su Huang's". (Hao Jing's "Mr. Yishan's Epitaph") Especially those mournful poems about Jin's death, the content is substantial, the reality is strong, the emotion is full, the style is gloomy, and the style of Lao Du is quite old. His poems are as follows:

The river and grass at Baierguan are not horizontal, and the army and horses have darkened Qinjing for ten years.There is no letter from Qiyang in the west, and crying is heard in the east of Longshui.The wild vines are affectionate and linger on the bones of the battle. Why does the setting sun shine on the empty city?From whom to ask the common people carefully, and fight to send Chi You as the five soldiers? (The second part of "Three Poems of Qiyang") Thousands of miles away, Jingxiang enters the battle dust, and Jingzhen is outside the gate of Bianzhou.Is the dragon a thing in the pool? The gnats are empty and sad.Qiao Mu cherished his homeland in his old age, and where the wild smoke looked at pedestrians.The autumn wind doesn't need to blow the hair, but the tide of the sea needs this body. (The fourth of "Five Poems of Immediate Events after Driving Dongshou in December of Renchen")

These two poems are full of sorrow and anger, and the anxiety and pain brought about by the great disaster of war are expressed in a very condensed and concentrated form.Although the war written in the previous poem took place in Qiyang (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi), and the poet is in present-day Henan Province, the Jin Dynasty has collapsed, and such a disaster can befall the poet at any time.Therefore, he really feels pain about this, and at the end of the chapter, "Ask from whom, and strive to send Chi You to be the five soldiers" is not only based on sympathy for the people in the war zone, but also from his own destiny.Although the latter poem has the sentence "Qiao Mu cherishes his homeland in other years", which reveals his affection for the Jin Dynasty, its focus still shows the cruelty of the war.It means that Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan) is about to be destroyed, leaving only trees, wild smoke, and no more pedestrians, which is similar to the realm of the empty city in the setting sun in the previous poem.It's just that the latter song also highlights the contempt for the officials who can't defend the country and the confidence in their ability to turn the tide, which is more complicated than the previous song; but no matter which one contains huge emotional weight.This vigorous and strong emotion and the resulting natural and rich imagination, coupled with a high degree of expressive ability, are the artistic achievements of Yuan Haowen's poetry.

The acquisition of Yuan Haowen's literary achievements is inseparable from the tradition of honesty and frankness in northern Chinese literature since Liao literature.In Yuan Haowen's poetry creation, he has organically combined the frankness and sincerity of the Liao literature with the accumulation of Han nationality in the artistic expression of poetry, and has made remarkable achievements.It is precisely because of this that the literature of the Jin Dynasty represented by Yuan Haowen has different characteristics from the literature of the Song Dynasty, and is more closely related to the literature of the Yuan Dynasty (especially Yuan Zaju) than the literature of the Song Dynasty.This feature made Yuan Haowen's poems highly praised by later generations.Zhao Yi said: "The conception (poems of Yishan ancient style) is vague, ten steps and nine folds, the more folded, the deeper the meaning, the more meaningful the taste, even Su (Shi) and Lu (You) are not as good as it. Seven-character poems are more serious and sad. , self-contained tone, since the Tang Dynasty, there are no heirs outside the ten couplets of Shaoling, and there are no heirs, but there are often left hills." ("Oubei Poetry Talk") Kuang Zhouyi commented on his words, saying that he was "Yi Hun Elegant, but also broad, has a backbone, and has a style" ("Hui Feng Ci Hua").Although these evaluations are not exact, they are enough to show that he had a great influence in the history of literature.